Details for: GPR4

Gene ID: 2828

Symbol: GPR4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177464

Description: G protein-coupled receptor 4

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 20.3566
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2700
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.6024
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3200
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.3155
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6500
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.3110
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.1814
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 0.1051
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.0739
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0110
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0133
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0500
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0191
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0253
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0254
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0371
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0397
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0409
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: -0.0468
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0501
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7200
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0561
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0595
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0693
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0703
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0773
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0783
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1053
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0600
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: -0.1072
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1188
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1234
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1328
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1366
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1871
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1942
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.1957
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8700
  • Cell Name: myometrial cell (CL0002366)
    Fold Change: -0.2014
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2112
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.2135
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2154
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.2287
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: -0.2357
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.2432
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.2602
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1300
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2792
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.2842
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.2914
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2800
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.2943
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2976
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary capillary endothelial cell (CL4028001)
    Fold Change: -0.3023
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.3060
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of endometrium (CL0002255)
    Fold Change: -0.3114
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4300
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.3126
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3600
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.3206
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5600
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.3244
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: -0.3262
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: -0.3336
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1000
  • Cell Name: monocyte-derived dendritic cell (CL0011031)
    Fold Change: -0.3504
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0200
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.3536
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9800
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.3568
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9000
  • Cell Name: ionocyte (CL0005006)
    Fold Change: -0.3692
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8600
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.3700
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7300
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.3819
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7300
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.3858
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3500
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.4035
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8400
  • Cell Name: muscle cell (CL0000187)
    Fold Change: -0.4056
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.4185
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7900
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.4207
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.4276
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.4283
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0900
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.4312
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7700
  • Cell Name: endothelial tip cell (CL0000704)
    Fold Change: -0.4314
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.4324
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0300
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: -0.4357
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.4409
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0000
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.4423
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8200
  • Cell Name: Langerhans cell (CL0000453)
    Fold Change: -0.4468
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2600
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.4476
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.4493
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.4495
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9500
  • Cell Name: medium spiny neuron (CL1001474)
    Fold Change: -0.4505
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0800
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.4538
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2800
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: -0.4539
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7900
  • Cell Name: retinal astrocyte (CL4033015)
    Fold Change: -0.4638
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5400
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.4667
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3700
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.4668
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2300
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.4710
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2700
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.4748
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.4876
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1600
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: -0.4897
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3200
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.5049
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1100
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.5093
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5900
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.5099
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0900
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.5161
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0900
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: -0.5185
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3700
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.5193
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** GPR4 exhibits several key characteristics that distinguish it from other GPCRs. These include: 1. **Specific ligands**: GPR4 is activated by certain lipids, such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which are involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, and survival. 2. **Signaling pathways**: GPR4 activates Gαq signaling events, which lead to the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and the production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These secondary messengers regulate various cellular responses, including cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. 3. **Cell type-specific expression**: GPR4 is expressed in a range of cell types, including granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells, goblet cells, and endothelial cells, highlighting its potential role in different physiological and pathological processes. 4. **Regulation of angiogenesis**: GPR4 is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, a process critical for wound healing, embryonic development, and tumor growth. Its activation promotes the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, leading to the formation of new blood vessels. **Pathways and Functions** GPR4 is involved in various signaling pathways, including: 1. **Adenylate cyclase-activating GPCR signaling pathway**: GPR4 activates adenylate cyclase, leading to the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which regulates various cellular responses, including cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. 2. **Angiogenesis involved in wound healing**: GPR4 promotes angiogenesis by activating endothelial cell migration and proliferation, leading to the formation of new blood vessels. 3. **Gα(q) signaling events**: GPR4 activates Gαq signaling events, which lead to the activation of PLC and the production of IP3 and DAG, regulating various cellular responses. 4. **Regulation of cell adhesion**: GPR4 regulates cell adhesion by activating integrin signaling pathways, leading to the formation of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. 5. **Regulation of vascular permeability**: GPR4 regulates vascular permeability by modulating the expression of tight junction proteins, leading to changes in barrier function. **Clinical Significance** GPR4's involvement in various physiological and pathological processes highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for diseases such as: 1. **Cancer**: GPR4's role in angiogenesis and cell proliferation makes it a potential target for cancer therapy. 2. **Cardiovascular disorders**: GPR4's involvement in vascular permeability and angiogenesis makes it a potential target for cardiovascular disease treatment. 3. **Inflammatory conditions**: GPR4's role in inflammation and immune response makes it a potential target for treatment of inflammatory disorders. 4. **Wound healing**: GPR4's involvement in angiogenesis and cell migration makes it a potential target for wound healing therapy. In conclusion, GPR4 is a complex GPCR involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell adhesion. Its specific ligands, signaling pathways, and cell type-specific expression highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and inflammatory conditions.

Genular Protein ID: 2385697917

Symbol: GPR4_HUMAN

Name: G-protein coupled receptor 4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P46093 A8K3T3 B0M0K1 Q6NWM4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 1 GO 13 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 3 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 3 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7832990

Title: Isolation of three novel human genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors.

PubMed ID: 7832990

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1995.14.25

PubMed ID: 8595909

Title: Isolation of a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPR4) localized to chromosome 19q13.3.

PubMed ID: 8595909

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1995.0013

PubMed ID: 7498459

Title: Cloning, sequencing and tissue distribution of two related G protein-coupled receptor candidates expressed prominently in human lung tissue.

PubMed ID: 7498459

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01196-l

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11535583

Title: Sphingosylphosphorylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine are ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR4.

PubMed ID: 11535583

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008057200

PubMed ID: 16498716

Title:

PubMed ID: 16498716

PubMed ID: 12955148

Title: Proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors.

PubMed ID: 12955148

DOI: 10.1038/nature01905

PubMed ID: 17462861

Title: Previously postulated 'ligand-independent' signaling of GPR4 is mediated through proton-sensing mechanisms.

PubMed ID: 17462861

DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.03.009

PubMed ID: 20211729

Title: Each one of certain histidine residues in G-protein-coupled receptor GPR4 is critical for extracellular proton-induced stimulation of multiple G-protein-signaling pathways.

PubMed ID: 20211729

DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.02.013

PubMed ID: 22110680

Title: Activation of GPR4 by acidosis increases endothelial cell adhesion through the cAMP/Epac pathway.

PubMed ID: 22110680

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027586

PubMed ID: 32058960

Title: The Proton-Sensing GPR4 Receptor Regulates Paracellular Gap Formation and Permeability of Vascular Endothelial Cells.

PubMed ID: 32058960

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100848

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 362
  • Mass: 40982
  • Checksum: 6C75D97C36204541
  • Sequence:
    • MGNHTWEGCH VDSRVDHLFP PSLYIFVIGV GLPTNCLALW AAYRQVQQRN ELGVYLMNLS 
IADLLYICTL PLWVDYFLHH DNWIHGPGSC KLFGFIFYTN IYISIAFLCC ISVDRYLAVA 
HPLRFARLRR VKTAVAVSSV VWATELGANS APLFHDELFR DRYNHTFCFE KFPMEGWVAW 
MNLYRVFVGF LFPWALMLLS YRGILRAVRG SVSTERQEKA KIKRLALSLI AIVLVCFAPY 
HVLLLSRSAI YLGRPWDCGF EERVFSAYHS SLAFTSLNCV ADPILYCLVN EGARSDVAKA 
LHNLLRFLAS DKPQEMANAS LTLETPLTSK RNSTAKAMTG SWAATPPSQG DQVQLKMLPP 
AQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.