Details for: GPR39

Gene ID: 2863

Symbol: GPR39

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183840

Description: G protein-coupled receptor 39

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 10.7568
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2700
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 3.0009
    Cell Significance Index: 72.6900
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 1.7696
    Cell Significance Index: 38.7500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: 1.3660
    Cell Significance Index: 13.7800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.1708
    Cell Significance Index: 60.8200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.1023
    Cell Significance Index: 218.7600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.9376
    Cell Significance Index: 42.5000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.8276
    Cell Significance Index: 23.8500
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.7074
    Cell Significance Index: 69.9800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.5770
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.4916
    Cell Significance Index: 29.5100
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4916
    Cell Significance Index: 443.8700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.4350
    Cell Significance Index: 47.3100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3682
    Cell Significance Index: 59.8900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.3261
    Cell Significance Index: 58.7800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.3036
    Cell Significance Index: 35.3800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.2794
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.2096
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.1936
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1932
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1919
    Cell Significance Index: 68.8300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.1891
    Cell Significance Index: 7.1600
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 0.1811
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.1598
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.1404
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.1267
    Cell Significance Index: 25.4200
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.0878
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0872
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.0745
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.0586
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0518
    Cell Significance Index: 35.8300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0382
    Cell Significance Index: 24.2300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0269
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6000
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0300
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0089
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0199
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0214
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1600
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: -0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0380
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8700
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0391
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0494
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0517
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0557
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0626
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0626
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0695
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2700
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.0734
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0764
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0790
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.0821
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0840
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1146
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5400
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.1161
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1178
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1399
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1848
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6900
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.1873
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1878
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1887
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1983
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3300
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1991
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2031
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6500
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.2082
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.2173
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.2184
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5300
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.2296
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: -0.2319
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0900
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.2327
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2334
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0000
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.2375
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.2495
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7900
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: -0.2503
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: -0.2623
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.2723
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7800
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2773
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1800
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.2777
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.2779
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5800
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2820
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8000
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.2916
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3000
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.2931
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7200
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.2964
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8100
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.2969
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.2997
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8800
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.3006
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GPR39 is a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that belongs to the Class A/1 (rhodopsin-like receptors) family. It is characterized by its seven transmembrane domains and its ability to bind to various ligands, including steroids and other small molecules. GPR39 is widely expressed in different cell types, including immune cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, suggesting its involvement in various physiological processes. **Pathways and Functions:** GPR39 signaling pathways are complex and multifaceted, involving various G proteins and downstream effectors. The receptor can interact with Gαq and Gαs proteins, leading to the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and the production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These second messengers can trigger various cellular responses, including changes in cell shape, motility, and gene expression. GPR39 has been implicated in several cellular processes, including: 1. Immune regulation: GPR39 has been shown to modulate immune responses, including the production of cytokines and chemokines, and the regulation of immune cell migration and activation. 2. Inflammation: GPR39 has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory responses, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of immune cells. 3. Cell proliferation and differentiation: GPR39 has been shown to regulate cell growth and differentiation, particularly in immune cells and epithelial cells. 4. Signaling by GPCRs: GPR39 is a classic example of a GPCR that can interact with various ligands and trigger downstream signaling events, highlighting the importance of GPCR signaling in cellular processes. **Clinical Significance:** GPR39 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. Immune-related disorders: GPR39 has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. 2. Inflammatory disorders: GPR39 has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory responses, which are central to diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. Cancer: GPR39 has been shown to regulate cell growth and differentiation, making it a potential target for cancer therapy. 4. Neurological disorders: GPR39 has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal function and behavior, which is relevant to diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, GPR39 is a multifunctional G protein-coupled receptor that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including immune regulation, inflammation, and cellular signaling. Its clinical significance is evident in its involvement in various diseases, and further research is needed to fully understand its role in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 1986295059

Symbol: GPR39_HUMAN

Name: G-protein coupled receptor 39

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O43194 B2RC12 B6V9G4 Q08AS2 Q53R01

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 2 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 6 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 4 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9441746

Title: Cloning and characterization of two human G protein-coupled receptor genes (GPR38 and GPR39) related to the growth hormone secretagogue and neurotensin receptors.

PubMed ID: 9441746

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.5069

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 18693759

Title: A second disulfide bridge from the N-terminal domain to extracellular loop 2 dampens receptor activity in GPR39.

PubMed ID: 18693759

DOI: 10.1021/bi8005016

PubMed ID: 18588883

Title: Molecular mechanism of Zn2+ agonism in the extracellular domain of GPR39.

PubMed ID: 18588883

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.06.030

PubMed ID: 18180304

Title: The constitutively active orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR39 protects from cell death by increasing secretion of pigment epithelium-derived growth factor.

PubMed ID: 18180304

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704323200

PubMed ID: 20522546

Title: Zinc released from injured cells is acting via the Zn2+-sensing receptor, ZnR, to trigger signaling leading to epithelial repair.

PubMed ID: 20522546

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.107490

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 26365466

Title: The zinc binding receptor GPR39 interacts with 5-HT1A and GalR1 to form dynamic heteroreceptor complexes with signaling diversity.

PubMed ID: 26365466

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.003

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 453
  • Mass: 51329
  • Checksum: 8E3A233420D9021E
  • Sequence:
    • MASPSLPGSD CSQIIDHSHV PEFEVATWIK ITLILVYLII FVMGLLGNSA TIRVTQVLQK 
KGYLQKEVTD HMVSLACSDI LVFLIGMPME FYSIIWNPLT TSSYTLSCKL HTFLFEACSY 
ATLLHVLTLS FERYIAICHP FRYKAVSGPC QVKLLIGFVW VTSALVALPL LFAMGTEYPL 
VNVPSHRGLT CNRSSTRHHE QPETSNMSIC TNLSSRWTVF QSSIFGAFVV YLVVLLSVAF 
MCWNMMQVLM KSQKGSLAGG TRPPQLRKSE SEESRTARRQ TIIFLRLIVV TLAVCWMPNQ 
IRRIMAAAKP KHDWTRSYFR AYMILLPFSE TFFYLSSVIN PLLYTVSSQQ FRRVFVQVLC 
CRLSLQHANH EKRLRVHAHS TTDSARFVQR PLLFASRRQS SARRTEKIFL STFQSEAEPQ 
SKSQSLSLES LEPNSGAKPA NSAAENGFQE HEV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.