Details for: GRK4

Gene ID: 2868

Symbol: GRK4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000125388

Description: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 874
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 8245
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 72544
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Marker Score: 7423
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 14489
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 63003
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 24697
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 17052
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Marker Score: 100781
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Marker Score: 6245
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 14938
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 1.58
    Marker Score: 14971
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Marker Score: 31127
  • Cell Name: ON retinal ganglion cell (CL4023032)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Marker Score: 420
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Marker Score: 1402.5
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Marker Score: 2345
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Marker Score: 32237
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Marker Score: 169243
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 25987
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 49238
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 6497
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 4956
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 10568
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 3885
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 29506
  • Cell Name: pyramidal neuron (CL0000598)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 2084
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 16956
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 607
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71792
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48017
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30405
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 492
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2410
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 446
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2731
  • Cell Name: A2 amacrine cell (CL0004219)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 288
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 610
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 5142
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 1084.5
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 956
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 1537
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 526.5
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 314
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5275
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 1744
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 247
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 3531
  • Cell Name: stellate neuron (CL0000122)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 4455
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 374
  • Cell Name: neuronal brush cell (CL0000555)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 2714
  • Cell Name: granule cell (CL0000120)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 5982
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 3263
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 1246
  • Cell Name: brainstem motor neuron (CL2000047)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 442
  • Cell Name: macroglial cell (CL0000126)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 1734
  • Cell Name: primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei) (CL0000531)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 253
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 680
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000123)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 3901
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 384
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 566
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 291
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 976
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 1665
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 461
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 219
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 760
  • Cell Name: rod bipolar cell (CL0000751)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 351
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 816
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 3965
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 1576
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 211
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 565
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 319
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 740
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian (CL0001066)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 189
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 279
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 299
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 338
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 819
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 218
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial fibroblast (CL1000692)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 1085
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 632
  • Cell Name: tracheal goblet cell (CL1000329)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 1573.5
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 353
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 437
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 607
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell precursor (CL0002362)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 288
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 386
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 174
  • Cell Name: chromaffin cell (CL0000166)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 717
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 209
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 148
  • Cell Name: cardiac neuron (CL0010022)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 612
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 210
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 1323
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 220
  • Cell Name: alveolar type 2 fibroblast cell (CL4028006)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 250
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 246
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 894

Hover over a box to see details here...

Hover over a box to see details here...

Hover over a box to see details here...

Other Information

**Key characteristics:** - GRK4 is a single-pass transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 140 kDa. - It is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family of protein kinases. - GRK4 is highly expressed in the retina, with significant expression in retinal ganglion cells, interneurons, and photoreceptors. - It is also expressed in other brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus. **Pathways and functions:** - GRK4 is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including the phototransduction cascade, the rhodopsin-mediated signaling pathway, and the signal transduction pathway. - In the phototransduction cascade, GRK4 is a key regulator of the arrestin-coupled receptor (ARR) channel, which is responsible for the initial step of the phototransduction process. - It also regulates the activity of other GPCRs, such as rhodopsin and arrestin. - In the rhodopsin-mediated signaling pathway, GRK4 is a downstream effector of the rhodopsin kinase, which is responsible for the activation of G proteins. - In the signal transduction pathway, GRK4 is a downstream effector of multiple G proteins, including Gi and Gs. **Clinical significance:** - Mutations in GRK4 have been linked to several eye diseases, including retinal degenerative diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts. - Overexpression of GRK4 has been observed in certain eye tumors, suggesting that it may play a role in tumor growth and survival. - Inhibition of GRK4 has been shown to suppress tumor growth and migration, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target for eye tumors. **Additional information:** - GRK4 is a highly conserved protein, with similar sequences found in mammals, birds, and fish. - It is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family of protein kinases, which are characterized by their ability to bind to G proteins and undergo autophosphorylation. - GRK4 is a ubiquitin-dependent protein, meaning that it is targeted for degradation by the proteasome when it is no longer needed.

Genular Protein ID: 8148966

Symbol: GRK4_HUMAN

Name: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P32298 O00641 O00642 Q13293 Q13294 Q13295 Q14453 Q14725 Q15313 Q15314 Q15315 Q15316 Q17RH6 Q53EQ8

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 4 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 7 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugCentral 1 EC 2 EMBL 72 Ensembl 4 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 14 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 9 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 1 PIR 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 5 PROSITE-ProRule 4 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 4 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 4 Rhea 3 SIGNOR 1 SMART 3 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1338872

Title: A novel G protein-coupled receptor kinase gene cloned from 4p16.3.

PubMed ID: 1338872

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/1.9.697

PubMed ID: 9092566

Title: G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4. Molecular analysis of the four isoforms and ultrastructural localization in spermatozoa and germinal cells.

PubMed ID: 9092566

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.15.10188

PubMed ID: 8626439

Title: Characterization of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4. Identification of four splice variants.

PubMed ID: 8626439

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.11.6403

PubMed ID: 8135832

Title: Two isoforms of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 identified by molecular cloning.

PubMed ID: 8135832

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1306

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 16636192

Title: Amelioration of genetic hypertension by suppression of renal G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 expression.

PubMed ID: 16636192

DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000222004.74872.17

PubMed ID: 19520868

Title: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) regulates the phosphorylation and function of the dopamine D3 receptor.

PubMed ID: 19520868

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.003665

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 17344846

Title: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes.

PubMed ID: 17344846

DOI: 10.1038/nature05610

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 578
  • Mass: 66583
  • Checksum: 72FCF94ED551F2D0
  • Sequence:
    • MELENIVANS LLLKARQGGY GKKSGRSKKW KEILTLPPVS QCSELRHSIE KDYSSLCDKQ 
PIGRRLFRQF CDTKPTLKRH IEFLDAVAEY EVADDEDRSD CGLSILDRFF NDKLAAPLPE 
IPPDVVTECR LGLKEENPSK KAFEECTRVA HNYLRGEPFE EYQESSYFSQ FLQWKWLERQ 
PVTKNTFRHY RVLGKGGFGE VCACQVRATG KMYACKKLQK KRIKKRKGEA MALNEKRILE 
KVQSRFVVSL AYAYETKDAL CLVLTIMNGG DLKFHIYNLG NPGFDEQRAV FYAAELCCGL 
EDLQRERIVY RDLKPENILL DDRGHIRISD LGLATEIPEG QRVRGRVGTV GYMAPEVVNN 
EKYTFSPDWW GLGCLIYEMI QGHSPFKKYK EKVKWEEVDQ RIKNDTEEYS EKFSEDAKSI 
CRMLLTKNPS KRLGCRGEGA AGVKQHPVFK DINFRRLEAN MLEPPFCPDP HAVYCKDVLD 
IEQFSVVKGI YLDTADEDFY ARFATGCVSI PWQNEMIESG CFKDINKSES EEALPLDLDK 
NIHTPVSRPN RGFFYRLFRR GGCLTMVPSE KEVEPKQC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.