Details for: ACAD9

Gene ID: 28976

Symbol: ACAD9

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000177646

Description: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 9

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 121.7009
    Cell Significance Index: -18.9300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 80.7433
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 49.6058
    Cell Significance Index: -23.4200
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 47.3838
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2500
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 20.2777
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3600
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 17.7784
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9200
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 7.7160
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 5.6766
    Cell Significance Index: -22.4000
  • Cell Name: sebaceous gland cell (CL2000021)
    Fold Change: 4.3824
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6700
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.9660
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.5638
    Cell Significance Index: 154.6900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.0641
    Cell Significance Index: 960.8100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.9389
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8100
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.8965
    Cell Significance Index: 53.8200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.8777
    Cell Significance Index: 176.0700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.8345
    Cell Significance Index: 135.7200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.7691
    Cell Significance Index: 39.9500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.7275
    Cell Significance Index: 144.3800
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.6526
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.5729
    Cell Significance Index: 15.3500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.5290
    Cell Significance Index: 189.7600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.4418
    Cell Significance Index: 79.6500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.4326
    Cell Significance Index: 12.0900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.4186
    Cell Significance Index: 28.9500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3589
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.3400
    Cell Significance Index: 26.0900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.3225
    Cell Significance Index: 39.6600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.2926
    Cell Significance Index: 202.3400
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.2751
    Cell Significance Index: 17.3400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2297
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2220
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2122
    Cell Significance Index: 115.9000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.2057
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1966
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.1816
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.1743
    Cell Significance Index: 20.5500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.1494
    Cell Significance Index: 20.5200
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.1390
    Cell Significance Index: 61.4500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.1258
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7300
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.1199
    Cell Significance Index: 8.4800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0779
    Cell Significance Index: 14.8200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0739
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0637
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.0633
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0403
    Cell Significance Index: 75.8700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0190
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: 30.7500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0164
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: 21.4600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0156
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0258
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0269
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0381
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0556
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5900
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0587
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8900
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0654
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0664
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9800
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0671
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0712
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2800
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0724
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0769
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0818
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0953
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1028
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.1039
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1600
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1331
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1453
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1525
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1555
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1825
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.1929
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2179
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2239
    Cell Significance Index: -17.7300
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.2320
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1000
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.2386
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2300
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.2644
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.2784
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2939
    Cell Significance Index: -18.0200
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.3524
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.3711
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9000
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.3748
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.3907
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1500
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.3941
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.4032
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.4118
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1200
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.4244
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9000
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.4438
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** ACAD9 is a mitochondrial enzyme that belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. Its primary function is to catalyze the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, which are then processed by subsequent enzymes in the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation pathway. ACAD9 exhibits a high degree of substrate specificity, with a preference for medium- and long-chain fatty acids. The enzyme is also involved in the regulation of respiratory electron transport, a critical process in energy production. Notably, ACAD9 is highly expressed in cells with high energy demands, such as hematopoietic cells and smooth muscle fibers. **Pathways and Functions:** ACAD9 is integral to the following metabolic pathways: 1. **Long-chain fatty acid metabolic process:** ACAD9 catalyzes the initial oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, which are then converted into acetyl-CoA for entry into the citric acid cycle. 2. **Aerobic respiration and respiratory electron transport:** ACAD9 plays a crucial role in the regulation of respiratory electron transport, a process essential for energy production in cells. 3. **Complex I biogenesis:** ACAD9 is involved in the assembly of Complex I, a critical component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. 4. **Mitochondrial inner membrane and mitochondrial membrane:** ACAD9 is localized to the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, where it regulates mitochondrial function and energy production. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of ACAD9 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Mitochondrial myopathies:** Defects in ACAD9 have been linked to mitochondrial myopathies, which are characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. 2. **Neurodegenerative disorders:** ACAD9 dysfunction has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. 3. **Metabolic disorders:** ACAD9 plays a critical role in the regulation of energy metabolism, and its dysregulation has been implicated in metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. In conclusion, ACAD9 is a vital enzyme that regulates the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and the regulation of mitochondrial function. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the need for further research into the therapeutic potential of targeting ACAD9 in the treatment of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 58737951

Symbol: ACAD9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12359260

Title: Cloning and functional characterization of ACAD-9, a novel member of human acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.

PubMed ID: 12359260

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02336-7

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 16020546

Title: Human acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-9 plays a novel role in the mitochondrial beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.

PubMed ID: 16020546

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504460200

PubMed ID: 17564966

Title: A new genetic disorder in mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation: ACAD9 deficiency.

PubMed ID: 17564966

DOI: 10.1086/519219

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 20816094

Title: Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 9 is required for the biogenesis of oxidative phosphorylation complex I.

PubMed ID: 20816094

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.08.002

PubMed ID: 21057504

Title: Exome sequencing identifies ACAD9 mutations as a cause of complex I deficiency.

PubMed ID: 21057504

DOI: 10.1038/ng.706

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21237683

Title: Identification and characterization of new long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.

PubMed ID: 21237683

DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.12.005

PubMed ID: 24158852

Title: ACAD9, a complex I assembly factor with a moonlighting function in fatty acid oxidation deficiencies.

PubMed ID: 24158852

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt521

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 32320651

Title: Dissecting the Roles of Mitochondrial Complex I Intermediate Assembly Complex Factors in the Biogenesis of Complex I.

PubMed ID: 32320651

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107541

PubMed ID: 33753518

Title: TMEM70 and TMEM242 help to assemble the rotor ring of human ATP synthase and interact with assembly factors for complex I.

PubMed ID: 33753518

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100558118

PubMed ID: 20929961

Title: Riboflavin-responsive oxidative phosphorylation complex I deficiency caused by defective ACAD9: new function for an old gene.

PubMed ID: 20929961

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq273

PubMed ID: 22499348

Title: Molecular diagnosis in mitochondrial complex I deficiency using exome sequencing.

PubMed ID: 22499348

DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100846

PubMed ID: 23836383

Title: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy due to a novel mutation in ACAD9.

PubMed ID: 23836383

DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3197

PubMed ID: 23996478

Title: A patient with complex I deficiency caused by a novel ACAD9 mutation not responding to riboflavin treatment.

PubMed ID: 23996478

DOI: 10.1007/8904_2013_242

PubMed ID: 26741492

Title: A comprehensive genomic analysis reveals the genetic landscape of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiencies.

PubMed ID: 26741492

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005679

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 621
  • Mass: 68760
  • Checksum: 064BCE0378877F54
  • Sequence:
  • MSGCGLFLRT TAAARACRGL VVSTANRRLL RTSPPVRAFA KELFLGKIKK KEVFPFPEVS 
    QDELNEINQF LGPVEKFFTE EVDSRKIDQE GKIPDETLEK LKSLGLFGLQ VPEEYGGLGF 
    SNTMYSRLGE IISMDGSITV TLAAHQAIGL KGIILAGTEE QKAKYLPKLA SGEHIAAFCL 
    TEPASGSDAA SIRSRATLSE DKKHYILNGS KVWITNGGLA NIFTVFAKTE VVDSDGSVKD 
    KITAFIVERD FGGVTNGKPE DKLGIRGSNT CEVHFENTKI PVENILGEVG DGFKVAMNIL 
    NSGRFSMGSV VAGLLKRLIE MTAEYACTRK QFNKRLSEFG LIQEKFALMA QKAYVMESMT 
    YLTAGMLDQP GFPDCSIEAA MVKVFSSEAA WQCVSEALQI LGGLGYTRDY PYERILRDTR 
    ILLIFEGTNE ILRMYIALTG LQHAGRILTT RIHELKQAKV STVMDTVGRR LRDSLGRTVD 
    LGLTGNHGVV HPSLADSANK FEENTYCFGR TVETLLLRFG KTIMEEQLVL KRVANILINL 
    YGMTAVLSRA SRSIRIGLRN HDHEVLLANT FCVEAYLQNL FSLSQLDKYA PENLDEQIKK 
    VSQQILEKRA YICAHPLDRT C

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.