Details for: PER1

Gene ID: 5187

Symbol: PER1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000179094

Description: period circadian regulator 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Marker Score: 10567
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: 2.27
    Marker Score: 1319.5
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Marker Score: 1197
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Marker Score: 4704
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Marker Score: 2481.5
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Marker Score: 1199
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Marker Score: 60581
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Marker Score: 527
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 518
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 1880
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous fat cell (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Marker Score: 574
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Marker Score: 86147
  • Cell Name: alveolar type 2 fibroblast cell (CL4028006)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 812.5
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 2776
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 795
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 1516
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Marker Score: 1703
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 452
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 612
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 3070.5
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 3256
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 316
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 398
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 1533
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 28433.5
  • Cell Name: effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001044)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 1234
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 524
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 28567.5
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 19876.5
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 972
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 4641
  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 602
  • Cell Name: group 3 innate lymphoid cell (CL0001071)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 520
  • Cell Name: central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000904)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 1324
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 924
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Marker Score: 1044
  • Cell Name: pyramidal neuron (CL0000598)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Marker Score: 2023
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Marker Score: 1319
  • Cell Name: cardiac neuron (CL0010022)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Marker Score: 1487
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 2691.5
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 793
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 698
  • Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 356
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 283
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 467
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 3208
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 4057
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 1656
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 18084.5
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 942
  • Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 7190
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 577
  • Cell Name: naive regulatory T cell (CL0002677)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 332
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 341
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 683.5
  • Cell Name: contractile cell (CL0000183)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 583
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 1121
  • Cell Name: type I pneumocyte (CL0002062)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 1278
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 1559.5
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 627
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 426
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 1347
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 1037
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive helper T cell (CL0000492)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 1125
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 463
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 8846.5
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 940
  • Cell Name: myofibroblast cell (CL0000186)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 1260
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 253
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 2537
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 244
  • Cell Name: renal interstitial pericyte (CL1001318)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 966
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 3482
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 290.5
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 690
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 1378
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 369
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas (CL0002351)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 217
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 656
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71617
  • Cell Name: ionocyte (CL0005006)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 302
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 47843
  • Cell Name: common dendritic progenitor (CL0001029)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 343
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 336
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30377
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 254
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 877
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 355
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 396
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 8486.5
  • Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 2357
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 59926
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 455
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 9831
  • Cell Name: activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human (CL0001043)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 440.5
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 1588
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 362
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 5815
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 3986
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 247

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Other Information

**Key Characteristics** The PER1 gene is characterized by its expression in various tissues, including the eye, kidney, and skeletal muscle. It is also highly expressed in cells that are sensitive to light, such as photoreceptors in the retina. PER1 is a negative regulator of the circadian clock, meaning it helps to slow down the clock in response to light exposure. This function is critical for maintaining the body's internal clock in synchrony with the external environment. Additionally, PER1 has been shown to interact with various transcription factors, including E-box-binding proteins and glucocorticoid receptor, to regulate gene expression. **Pathways and Functions** PER1 is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Circadian clock regulation**: PER1 plays a critical role in the negative regulation of the circadian clock, helping to reset the clock in response to changes in light and darkness. 2. **Transcriptional regulation**: PER1 influences the expression of numerous genes involved in various cellular processes, including inflammation, hair growth, and ion transport. 3. **DNA-binding transcription factor binding**: PER1 interacts with various transcription factors, including E-box-binding proteins and glucocorticoid receptor, to regulate gene expression. 4. **Chromatin remodeling**: PER1 has been shown to influence chromatin structure and remodeling, which is essential for gene regulation. The functions of PER1 include: 1. **Regulation of circadian rhythm**: PER1 helps to maintain the body's internal clock in synchrony with the external environment. 2. **Negative regulation of NF-κB signaling**: PER1 inhibits the activity of NF-κB, a transcription factor involved in inflammation and immune responses. 3. **Regulation of cytokine production**: PER1 influences the production of cytokines, which are signaling molecules involved in immune responses. 4. **Regulation of hair cycle**: PER1 has been shown to influence the growth and maintenance of hair. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of the PER1 gene has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Circadian rhythm disorders**: PER1 mutations have been linked to circadian rhythm disorders, such as delayed sleep phase syndrome. 2. **Cancer**: PER1 has been shown to influence cancer cell proliferation and survival. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: PER1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Metabolic disorders**: PER1 has been shown to influence glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, the PER1 gene plays a critical role in regulating the mammalian circadian clock and influencing various cellular processes, including inflammation, hair growth, and ion transport. Dysregulation of PER1 has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of this gene in maintaining human health.

Genular Protein ID: 1723433107

Symbol: PER1_HUMAN

Name: Period circadian protein homolog 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9323128

Title: Rigui, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene.

PubMed ID: 9323128

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80366-9

PubMed ID: 9333243

Title: Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene.

PubMed ID: 9333243

DOI: 10.1038/39086

PubMed ID: 10940553

Title: The human Per1 gene: genomic organization and promoter analysis of the first human orthologue of the Drosophila period gene.

PubMed ID: 10940553

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00248-1

PubMed ID: 10857746

Title: The human and mouse Period1 genes: five well-conserved E-boxes additively contribute to the enhancement of mPer1 transcription.

PubMed ID: 10857746

DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6166

PubMed ID: 9455484

Title: Characterization of cDNA clones in size-fractionated cDNA libraries from human brain.

PubMed ID: 9455484

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/4.5.345

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 9427249

Title: Two period homologs: circadian expression and photic regulation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei.

PubMed ID: 9427249

DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80417-1

PubMed ID: 10790862

Title: Phosphorylation and destabilization of human period I clock protein by human casein kinase I epsilon.

PubMed ID: 10790862

DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200004070-00011

PubMed ID: 11165242

Title: Human casein kinase Idelta phosphorylation of human circadian clock proteins period 1 and 2.

PubMed ID: 11165242

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02434-0

PubMed ID: 14750904

Title: Phosphorylation of clock protein PER1 regulates its circadian degradation in normal human fibroblasts.

PubMed ID: 14750904

DOI: 10.1042/bj20031308

PubMed ID: 15917222

Title: SCFbeta-TRCP controls clock-dependent transcription via casein kinase 1-dependent degradation of the mammalian period-1 (Per1) protein.

PubMed ID: 15917222

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m502862200

PubMed ID: 17081983

Title: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks.

PubMed ID: 17081983

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026

PubMed ID: 17525332

Title: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 17525332

DOI: 10.1126/science.1140321

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 23303907

Title: Metabolism and the circadian clock converge.

PubMed ID: 23303907

DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2012

PubMed ID: 24005054

Title: A meeting of two chronobiological systems: circadian proteins Period1 and BMAL1 modulate the human hair cycle clock.

PubMed ID: 24005054

DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.366

PubMed ID: 23916625

Title: Molecular architecture of the mammalian circadian clock.

PubMed ID: 23916625

DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.07.002

PubMed ID: 30530698

Title: Nuclear receptor HNF4A transrepresses CLOCK:BMAL1 and modulates tissue-specific circadian networks.

PubMed ID: 30530698

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816411115

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

PubMed ID: 27717682

Title: Exome sequencing identified CCER2 as a novel candidate gene for Moyamoya disease.

PubMed ID: 27717682

DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.09.003

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1290
  • Mass: 136212
  • Checksum: 60B844468EEF4D1B
  • Sequence:
  • MSGPLEGADG GGDPRPGESF CPGGVPSPGP PQHRPCPGPS LADDTDANSN GSSGNESNGH 
    ESRGASQRSS HSSSSGNGKD SALLETTESS KSTNSQSPSP PSSSIAYSLL SASSEQDNPS 
    TSGCSSEQSA RARTQKELMT ALRELKLRLP PERRGKGRSG TLATLQYALA CVKQVQANQE 
    YYQQWSLEEG EPCSMDMSTY TLEELEHITS EYTLQNQDTF SVAVSFLTGR IVYISEQAAV 
    LLRCKRDVFR GTRFSELLAP QDVGVFYGST APSRLPTWGT GASAGSGLRD FTQEKSVFCR 
    IRGGPDRDPG PRYQPFRLTP YVTKIRVSDG APAQPCCLLI AERIHSGYEA PRIPPDKRIF 
    TTRHTPSCLF QDVDERAAPL LGYLPQDLLG APVLLFLHPE DRPLMLAIHK KILQLAGQPF 
    DHSPIRFCAR NGEYVTMDTS WAGFVHPWSR KVAFVLGRHK VRTAPLNEDV FTPPAPSPAP 
    SLDTDIQELS EQIHRLLLQP VHSPSPTGLC GVGAVTSPGP LHSPGSSSDS NGGDAEGPGP 
    PAPVTFQQIC KDVHLVKHQG QQLFIESRAR PQSRPRLPAT GTFKAKALPC QSPDPELEAG 
    SAPVQAPLAL VPEEAERKEA SSCSYQQINC LDSILRYLES CNLPSTTKRK CASSSSYTTS 
    SASDDDRQRT GPVSVGTKKD PPSAALSGEG ATPRKEPVVG GTLSPLALAN KAESVVSVTS 
    QCSFSSTIVH VGDKKPPESD IIMMEDLPGL APGPAPSPAP SPTVAPDPAP DAYRPVGLTK 
    AVLSLHTQKE EQAFLSRFRD LGRLRGLDSS STAPSALGER GCHHGPAPPS RRHHCRSKAK 
    RSRHHQNPRA EAPCYVSHPS PVPPSTPWPT PPATTPFPAV VQPYPLPVFS PRGGPQPLPP 
    APTSVPPAAF PAPLVTPMVA LVLPNYLFPT PSSYPYGALQ TPAEGPPTPA SHSPSPSLPA 
    LAPSPPHRPD SPLFNSRCSS PLQLNLLQLE ELPRAEGAAV AGGPGSSAGP PPPSAEAAEP 
    EARLAEVTES SNQDALSGSS DLLELLLQED SRSGTGSAAS GSLGSGLGSG SGSGSHEGGS 
    TSASITRSSQ SSHTSKYFGS IDSSEAEAGA ARGGAEPGDQ VIKYVLQDPI WLLMANADQR 
    VMMTYQVPSR DMTSVLKQDR ERLRAMQKQQ PRFSEDQRRE LGAVHSWVRK GQLPRALDVM 
    ACVDCGSSTQ DPGHPDDPLF SELDGLGLEP MEEGGGEQGS SGGGSGEGEG CEEAQGGAKA 
    SSSQDLAMEE EEEGRSSSSP ALPTAGNCTS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.