Details for: TGM1

Gene ID: 7051

Symbol: TGM1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000092295

Description: transglutaminase 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 22.1800
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 13.8383
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 4.9254
    Cell Significance Index: 67.2000
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 3.4355
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 1.9260
    Cell Significance Index: 16.5500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 1.1325
    Cell Significance Index: 31.6500
  • Cell Name: granular cell of epidermis (CL0002189)
    Fold Change: 0.8947
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0300
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: 0.8405
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2700
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: 0.7141
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6100
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.6905
    Cell Significance Index: 9.8300
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 0.6208
    Cell Significance Index: 6.7900
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 0.4249
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3817
    Cell Significance Index: 72.6400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 0.2712
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2240
    Cell Significance Index: 22.1600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.2095
    Cell Significance Index: 189.1500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1463
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1200
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.1441
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1309
    Cell Significance Index: 21.2900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.1221
    Cell Significance Index: 13.2800
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0909
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.0796
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0634
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7300
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0596
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0351
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0249
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: 16.3000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0149
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9600
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.0103
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0800
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: 0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0072
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0099
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0155
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0175
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0179
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8900
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5500
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0289
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0344
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0352
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0356
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6600
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0359
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0386
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0415
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0422
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0423
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0441
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0447
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0474
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0496
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0503
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0519
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0543
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0546
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4400
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0556
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0561
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0565
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9500
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0613
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0634
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0637
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0640
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3500
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.0740
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0794
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0852
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7000
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0865
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0961
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3400
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: -0.0966
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity:** TGM1 catalyzes the post-translational modification of proteins, specifically the cross-linking of glutamine residues, which is essential for protein stability and tissue integrity. 2. **Expression in stratified epithelial cells:** TGM1 is predominantly expressed in stratified epithelial cells, including keratinocytes, goblet cells, and other epithelial cells. 3. **Keratinization and cornified envelope formation:** TGM1 plays a crucial role in keratinization, the process by which epithelial cells acquire a more compact, keratinized phenotype, and the formation of the cornified envelope, a specialized extracellular matrix structure. 4. **Cell cycle regulation:** TGM1 is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, promoting the proliferation of epithelial cells and maintaining tissue homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Cell envelope organization:** TGM1 contributes to the organization and stability of the cell envelope, ensuring proper cellular function and integrity. 2. **Cytoskeleton organization:** TGM1 interacts with cytoskeletal components, influencing the organization and dynamics of the cytoskeleton. 3. **Protein modification process:** TGM1 modifies proteins through cross-linking, which is essential for protein stability and function. 4. **Positive regulation of cell cycle and keratinocyte proliferation:** TGM1 promotes the proliferation of epithelial cells and maintains tissue homeostasis by regulating the cell cycle. 5. **Positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation:** TGM1 is involved in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation, ensuring the proper acquisition of a keratinized phenotype. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Skin disorders:** TGM1 dysregulation has been implicated in various skin disorders, including psoriasis, vitiligo, and epidermolysis bullosa. 2. **Cancer:** TGM1 overexpression has been observed in several types of cancer, including breast, colon, and lung cancer, suggesting its potential role as an oncogene. 3. **Inflammatory conditions:** TGM1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions, such as atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. 4. **Regenerative medicine:** TGM1's role in keratinization and tissue regeneration makes it a potential target for regenerative medicine applications, such as wound healing and tissue engineering. In conclusion, TGM1 is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a crucial role in epithelial cell differentiation, development, and maintenance of tissue structure. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the need for further research into its mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications.

Genular Protein ID: 1028394790

Symbol: TGM1_HUMAN

Name: Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1979171

Title: Primary structure of keratinocyte transglutaminase.

PubMed ID: 1979171

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.23.9333

PubMed ID: 1673840

Title: Molecular cloning of human epidermal transglutaminase cDNA from keratinocytes in culture.

PubMed ID: 1673840

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91651-r

PubMed ID: 1670769

Title: The complete amino acid sequence of the human transglutaminase K enzyme deduced from the nucleic acid sequences of cDNA clones.

PubMed ID: 1670769

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52469-8

PubMed ID: 1346394

Title: Genomic structure of keratinocyte transglutaminase. Recruitment of new exon for modified function.

PubMed ID: 1346394

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45875-9

PubMed ID: 1348508

Title: Structure and organization of the human transglutaminase 1 gene.

PubMed ID: 1348508

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42573-2

PubMed ID: 1381356

Title: Structure of the gene for human transglutaminase 1.

PubMed ID: 1381356

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)37122-4

PubMed ID: 1350092

Title: Organization and evolution of the human epidermal keratinocyte transglutaminase I gene.

PubMed ID: 1350092

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4476

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12508121

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14.

PubMed ID: 12508121

DOI: 10.1038/nature01348

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1704039

Title: Isolation of cDNA for human epidermal type I transglutaminase.

PubMed ID: 1704039

DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12464554

PubMed ID: 1351505

Title: Type I keratinocyte transglutaminase: expression in human skin and psoriasis.

PubMed ID: 1351505

DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12611394

PubMed ID: 8973564

Title: Identification of phosphorylation sites in keratinocyte transglutaminase.

PubMed ID: 8973564

DOI: 10.1042/bj3200547

PubMed ID: 17762858

Title: Localization of the TIG3 transglutaminase interaction domain and demonstration that the amino-terminal region is required for TIG3 function as a keratinocyte differentiation regulator.

PubMed ID: 17762858

DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701035

PubMed ID: 19241467

Title: Transglutaminase-1 gene mutations in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: summary of mutations (including 23 novel) and modeling of TGase-1.

PubMed ID: 19241467

DOI: 10.1002/humu.20952

PubMed ID: 7824952

Title: Mutations of keratinocyte transglutaminase in lamellar ichthyosis.

PubMed ID: 7824952

DOI: 10.1126/science.7824952

PubMed ID: 7773290

Title: Mutations in the gene for transglutaminase 1 in autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis.

PubMed ID: 7773290

DOI: 10.1038/ng0395-279

PubMed ID: 9326318

Title: Transglutaminase 1 mutations in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: private and recurrent mutations in an isolated population.

PubMed ID: 9326318

DOI: 10.1086/515498

PubMed ID: 11251583

Title: Novel mutations of TGM1 in a child with congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma.

PubMed ID: 11251583

DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04037.x

PubMed ID: 11511296

Title: Novel mutations of the transglutaminase 1 gene in lamellar ichthyosis.

PubMed ID: 11511296

DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01429.x

PubMed ID: 19890349

Title: Genotypic and clinical spectrum of self-improving collodion ichthyosis: ALOX12B, ALOXE3, and TGM1 mutations in Scandinavian patients.

PubMed ID: 19890349

DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.346

PubMed ID: 26220141

Title: Identification and functional characterization of a novel transglutaminase 1 gene mutation associated with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis.

PubMed ID: 26220141

DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12806

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 817
  • Mass: 89787
  • Checksum: 4732F28234F5D5F1
  • Sequence:
  • MMDGPRSDVG RWGGNPLQPP TTPSPEPEPE PDGRSRRGGG RSFWARCCGC CSCRNAADDD 
    WGPEPSDSRG RGSSSGTRRP GSRGSDSRRP VSRGSGVNAA GDGTIREGML VVNGVDLLSS 
    RSDQNRREHH TDEYEYDELI VRRGQPFHML LLLSRTYESS DRITLELLIG NNPEVGKGTH 
    VIIPVGKGGS GGWKAQVVKA SGQNLNLRVH TSPNAIIGKF QFTVRTQSDA GEFQLPFDPR 
    NEIYILFNPW CPEDIVYVDH EDWRQEYVLN ESGRIYYGTE AQIGERTWNY GQFDHGVLDA 
    CLYILDRRGM PYGGRGDPVN VSRVISAMVN SLDDNGVLIG NWSGDYSRGT NPSAWVGSVE 
    ILLSYLRTGY SVPYGQCWVF AGVTTTVLRC LGLATRTVTN FNSAHDTDTS LTMDIYFDEN 
    MKPLEHLNHD SVWNFHVWND CWMKRPDLPS GFDGWQVVDA TPQETSSGIF CCGPCSVESI 
    KNGLVYMKYD TPFIFAEVNS DKVYWQRQDD GSFKIVYVEE KAIGTLIVTK AISSNMREDI 
    TYLYKHPEGS DAERKAVETA AAHGSKPNVY ANRGSAEDVA MQVEAQDAVM GQDLMVSVML 
    INHSSSRRTV KLHLYLSVTF YTGVSGTIFK ETKKEVELAP GASDRVTMPV AYKEYRPHLV 
    DQGAMLLNVS GHVKESGQVL AKQHTFRLRT PDLSLTLLGA AVVGQECEVQ IVFKNPLPVT 
    LTNVVFRLEG SGLQRPKILN VGDIGGNETV TLRQSFVPVR PGPRQLIASL DSPQLSQVHG 
    VIQVDVAPAP GDGGFFSDAG GDSHLGETIP MASRGGA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.