Details for: VIP

Gene ID: 7432

Symbol: VIP

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000146469

Description: vasoactive intestinal peptide

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 17.3078
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3900
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 4.1717
    Cell Significance Index: 53.9800
  • Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
    Fold Change: 1.4799
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: 1.1821
    Cell Significance Index: 15.3300
  • Cell Name: suprabasal keratinocyte (CL4033013)
    Fold Change: 0.3371
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.2961
    Cell Significance Index: 18.2000
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.2235
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3600
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 0.1699
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4100
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.1398
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.1298
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1222
    Cell Significance Index: 43.8400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1143
    Cell Significance Index: 79.0500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2600
  • Cell Name: surface ectodermal cell (CL0000114)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7000
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0191
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0198
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0208
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0299
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.0362
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0368
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2200
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0446
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0476
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0549
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0550
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.0574
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0633
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: -0.0676
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.0697
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0714
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0736
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0747
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9200
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.0779
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.0794
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0815
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0823
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0891
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9400
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.0904
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0913
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: -0.0944
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0978
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7900
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1013
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: -0.1041
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1056
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0000
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1090
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0000
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.1092
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1139
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1148
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1171
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1276
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.1322
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2600
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.1347
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1348
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8700
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.1357
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3900
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: -0.1381
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.1413
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1457
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1487
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9700
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.1497
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2400
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.1512
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1517
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1539
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8400
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.1582
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2200
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.1612
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2100
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: -0.1623
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.1715
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: -0.1723
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3600
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.1745
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: -0.1757
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1758
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6700
  • Cell Name: neural crest cell (CL0011012)
    Fold Change: -0.1759
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: -0.1851
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.1868
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6800
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.1978
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4200
  • Cell Name: inhibitory motor neuron (CL0008015)
    Fold Change: -0.2013
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.2054
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: -0.2097
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.2112
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1300
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.2116
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9700
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.2194
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary capillary endothelial cell (CL4028001)
    Fold Change: -0.2220
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: -0.2229
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8800
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: -0.2249
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9600
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.2276
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4800
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.2367
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6200
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.2369
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure and Function:** VIP is a 28-amino acid peptide hormone, primarily produced in the intestine, but also expressed in various other tissues, including the brain, pancreas, and immune cells. 2. **Cellular Expression:** VIP is significantly expressed in double-negative thymocytes, inhibitory motor neurons, precursor B cells, goblet cells, and neurons in the peripheral nervous system, cerebral cortex, and forebrain. 3. **Receptor Interactions:** VIP interacts with GPCRs, specifically class B/2 receptors, to activate adenylate cyclase and modulate downstream signaling pathways. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Adenylate Cyclase-Activating GPCR Signaling Pathway:** VIP binding to its receptor activates adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP levels, which in turn modulates various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and secretion. 2. **Body Fluid Secretion:** VIP regulates the secretion of fluids in the intestine and other tissues, influencing electrolyte and water balance. 3. **Neurotransmission and Learning/Memory:** VIP is involved in neurotransmission and learning/memory processes, particularly in the cerebral cortex and forebrain. 4. **Immune Regulation:** VIP modulates immune responses, including negative regulation of apoptotic processes, potassium ion transport, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Autoimmune Diseases:** VIP has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, due to its role in regulating immune responses. 2. **Neurological Disorders:** VIP dysregulation has been linked to neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. 3. **Gastrointestinal Disorders:** VIP plays a crucial role in regulating gut motility, secretion, and blood flow, making it a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome. 4. **Cancer:** VIP has been shown to have anti-tumor effects, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines. In conclusion, the VIP gene plays a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis, regulating neurotransmission, and influencing various physiological processes. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying VIP's functions and to explore its therapeutic potential in treating immune-related disorders and other diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 157409316

Symbol: VIP_HUMAN

Name: VIP peptides

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01282 Q5TCY8 Q5TCY9 Q96QK3

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 26 EMDB 1 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 14 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6571696

Title: Human preprovasoactive intestinal polypeptide contains a novel PHI-27-like peptide, PHM-27.

PubMed ID: 6571696

DOI: 10.1038/304547a0

PubMed ID: 3899557

Title: Structure of the human vasoactive intestinal polypeptide gene.

PubMed ID: 3899557

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1985.4.293

PubMed ID: 2995945

Title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide: expression of the prohormone in bacterial cells.

PubMed ID: 2995945

DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(85)90016-6

PubMed ID: 3025882

Title: Structure and expression of the gene encoding the vasoactive intestinal peptide precursor.

PubMed ID: 3025882

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.2.605

PubMed ID: 2839091

Title: Complete nucleotide sequence of human vasoactive intestinal peptide/PHM-27 gene and its inducible promoter.

PubMed ID: 2839091

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb26975.x

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3748844

Title: Structure and expression of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene in a human tumor.

PubMed ID: 3748844

DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(86)90156-7

PubMed ID: 6139527

Title: Diarrhoea in vipoma patients associated with cosecretion of a second active peptide (peptide histidine isoleucine) explained by single coding gene.

PubMed ID: 6139527

DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91215-1

PubMed ID: 2434617

Title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide gene: putative mechanism of information storage at the RNA level.

PubMed ID: 2434617

DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05638.x

PubMed ID: 3654650

Title: Isolation, characterization, and pharmacological actions of peptide histidine valine 42, a novel prepro-vasoactive intestinal peptide-derived peptide.

PubMed ID: 3654650

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47896-9

PubMed ID: 1318039

Title: Isolation and characterization of peptides which act on rat platelets, from a pheochromocytoma.

PubMed ID: 1318039

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80966-0

PubMed ID: 15013843

Title: Discovery of novel peptide/receptor interactions: identification of PHM-27 as a potent agonist of the human calcitonin receptor.

PubMed ID: 15013843

DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.11.008

PubMed ID: 1863695

Title: Structural determination of the vasoactive intestinal peptide by two-dimensional H-NMR spectroscopy.

PubMed ID: 1863695

DOI: 10.1002/bip.360310411

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 170
  • Mass: 19169
  • Checksum: 93EC0177F89508FD
  • Sequence:
    • MDTRNKAQLL VLLTLLSVLF SQTSAWPLYR APSALRLGDR IPFEGANEPD QVSLKEDIDM 
LQNALAENDT PYYDVSRNAR HADGVFTSDF SKLLGQLSAK KYLESLMGKR VSSNISEDPV 
PVKRHSDAVF TDNYTRLRKQ MAVKKYLNSI LNGKRSSEGE SPDFPEELEK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.