Details for: CES2

Gene ID: 8824

Symbol: CES2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172831

Description: carboxylesterase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 131.3766
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 73.8833
    Cell Significance Index: -18.7400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 47.8901
    Cell Significance Index: -22.6100
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 43.8776
    Cell Significance Index: -22.5700
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 33.6502
    Cell Significance Index: -22.5800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 16.9734
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9300
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 7.3539
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 5.3623
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 5.2574
    Cell Significance Index: 113.9000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 4.6627
    Cell Significance Index: 134.3400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: 3.8333
    Cell Significance Index: 38.6700
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.3355
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 2.5790
    Cell Significance Index: 280.5200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 2.0333
    Cell Significance Index: 1835.9500
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.6132
    Cell Significance Index: 27.1800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 1.4684
    Cell Significance Index: 101.5500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 1.2086
    Cell Significance Index: 18.1100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.1565
    Cell Significance Index: 188.0900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 1.0316
    Cell Significance Index: 28.8300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.9353
    Cell Significance Index: 106.7600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.8240
    Cell Significance Index: 163.5200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.5859
    Cell Significance Index: 30.7600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.5554
    Cell Significance Index: 17.7900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.4965
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4857
    Cell Significance Index: 48.0500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.4503
    Cell Significance Index: 81.1700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.4354
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.4345
    Cell Significance Index: 33.3400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.4232
    Cell Significance Index: 52.0400
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.3882
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3718
    Cell Significance Index: 164.3700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.3665
    Cell Significance Index: 50.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.3213
    Cell Significance Index: 200.6200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3151
    Cell Significance Index: 63.2000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.3138
    Cell Significance Index: 19.7800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.3116
    Cell Significance Index: 170.1900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3054
    Cell Significance Index: 58.1200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.2955
    Cell Significance Index: 15.3500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2457
    Cell Significance Index: 11.1400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2383
    Cell Significance Index: 85.4600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1984
    Cell Significance Index: 137.2300
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.1863
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9000
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 0.1846
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.1831
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1764
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2000
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.1733
    Cell Significance Index: 12.2600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1690
    Cell Significance Index: 21.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1640
    Cell Significance Index: 28.0000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.1049
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8900
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0799
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.0396
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4900
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -20.7000
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0198
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1100
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0289
    Cell Significance Index: -18.3600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0364
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0376
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0437
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -20.5000
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: -0.0486
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0600
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0642
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0662
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: -0.0677
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0678
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0710
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0724
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0962
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0200
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.1088
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5300
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.1138
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1207
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1207
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1269
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1341
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1401
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1435
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7500
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.1463
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1581
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5000
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.1729
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1903
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1951
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2004
    Cell Significance Index: -20.8700
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.2048
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7200
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.2294
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2327
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2425
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2568
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.2600
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.2830
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.3024
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** CES2 is a serine protease enzyme that exhibits carboxylesterase activity, allowing it to hydrolyze ester bonds in various substrates. Its structure consists of a catalytic domain and a substrate-binding domain, which facilitate the recognition and cleavage of ester groups. CES2 is a type I membrane-bound enzyme, anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, where it is exposed to the luminal surface. This localization enables CES2 to interact with a wide range of substrates, including dietary esters, xenobiotics, and prostaglandins. **Pathways and Functions** CES2 is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Aspirin metabolism**: CES2 has been shown to hydrolyze aspirin, converting it into salicylic acid, a compound with anti-inflammatory properties. 2. **Biological oxidations**: CES2 participates in the metabolism of various oxidized compounds, such as methylumbelliferyl acetate, a substrate commonly used in enzyme assays. 3. **Xenobiotic metabolism**: CES2 is responsible for the breakdown of xenobiotics, including esterified compounds, which are toxic substances not naturally present in the body. 4. **Prostaglandin metabolic process**: CES2 has been implicated in the metabolism of prostaglandins, which are lipid compounds involved in inflammation and immune responses. 5. **Catabolic process**: CES2 is involved in the breakdown of various substrates, including esterified compounds, fatty acids, and other lipids. **Clinical Significance** CES2 has significant clinical implications, particularly in the context of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. For example: 1. **Aspirin-induced gastrointestinal toxicity**: CES2's role in aspirin metabolism highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for reducing gastrointestinal side effects associated with aspirin therapy. 2. **Xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity**: CES2's involvement in xenobiotic metabolism underscores its potential as a biomarker for assessing exposure to toxic substances and predicting their effects on human health. 3. **Gastrointestinal disorders**: CES2's expression in enterocytes and colon epithelial cells suggests its involvement in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In conclusion, CES2 is an essential enzyme involved in various metabolic pathways, including aspirin metabolism, biological oxidations, and xenobiotic metabolism. Its clinical significance is underscored by its potential as a therapeutic target, biomarker, and diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. Further research is needed to fully elucidate CES2's role in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2767293062

Symbol: EST2_HUMAN

Name: Carboxylesterase 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O00748 A0A024R6X1 A8K367 Q16859 Q5MAB8 Q7Z366 Q8IUP4 Q8TCP8

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 2 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 30 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 8 DrugCentral 1 EC 4 EMBL 11 ESTHER 1 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 9 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 2 Rhea 9 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 2 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9144407

Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver.

PubMed ID: 9144407

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6413

PubMed ID: 9169443

Title: Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin.

PubMed ID: 9169443

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.23.14769

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 15616553

Title: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 15616553

DOI: 10.1038/nature03187

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 21049984

Title: Inactivation of lipid glyceryl ester metabolism in human THP1 monocytes/macrophages by activated organophosphorus insecticides: role of carboxylesterases 1 and 2.

PubMed ID: 21049984

DOI: 10.1021/tx1002194

PubMed ID: 22446793

Title: Carboxylesterase 2 production and characterization in human cells: new insights into enzyme oligomerization and activity.

PubMed ID: 22446793

DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3994-3

PubMed ID: 28677105

Title: Carboxylesterases in lipid metabolism: from mouse to human.

PubMed ID: 28677105

DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0437-z

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 12721789

Title: Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 (CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population.

PubMed ID: 12721789

DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0021-7

PubMed ID: 15618752

Title: Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CES2 gene encoding human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE-2).

PubMed ID: 15618752

DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.18.327

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 559
  • Mass: 61807
  • Checksum: E2EBCABA2995339A
  • Sequence:
    • MRLHRLRARL SAVACGLLLL LVRGQGQDSA SPIRTTHTGQ VLGSLVHVKG ANAGVQTFLG 
IPFAKPPLGP LRFAPPEPPE SWSGVRDGTT HPAMCLQDLT AVESEFLSQF NMTFPSDSMS 
EDCLYLSIYT PAHSHEGSNL PVMVWIHGGA LVFGMASLYD GSMLAALENV VVVIIQYRLG 
VLGFFSTGDK HATGNWGYLD QVAALRWVQQ NIAHFGGNPD RVTIFGESAG GTSVSSLVVS 
PISQGLFHGA IMESGVALLP GLIASSADVI STVVANLSAC DQVDSEALVG CLRGKSKEEI 
LAINKPFKMI PGVVDGVFLP RHPQELLASA DFQPVPSIVG VNNNEFGWLI PKVMRIYDTQ 
KEMDREASQA ALQKMLTLLM LPPTFGDLLR EEYIGDNGDP QTLQAQFQEM MADSMFVIPA 
LQVAHFQCSR APVYFYEFQH QPSWLKNIRP PHMKADHGDE LPFVFRSFFG GNYIKFTEEE 
EQLSRKMMKY WANFARNGNP NGEGLPHWPL FDQEEQYLQL NLQPAVGRAL KAHRLQFWKK 
ALPQKIQELE EPEERHTEL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.