Genular: Defining Cellular Identity and Function

Details for: CES2

Gene ID: 8824

Symbol: CES2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000172831

Description: carboxylesterase 2

Associated with

Aspirin adme
(R-HSA-9749641)
Biological oxidations
(R-HSA-211859)
Drug adme
(R-HSA-9748784)
Metabolism
(R-HSA-1430728)
Phase i - functionalization of compounds
(R-HSA-211945)
Carboxylesterase activity
(GO:0106435)
Carboxylic ester hydrolase activity
(GO:0052689)
Catabolic process
(GO:0009056)
Endoplasmic reticulum
(GO:0005783)
Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
(GO:0005788)
Intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
(GO:0043231)
Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity
(GO:0047374)
Prostaglandin metabolic process
(GO:0006693)
Xenobiotic metabolic process
(GO:0006805)

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
Fold Change: 3.33
Marker Score: 15,969
Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
Fold Change: 3.09
Marker Score: 9,695
Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
Fold Change: 2.65
Marker Score: 4,084
Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
Fold Change: 2.41
Marker Score: 20,809
Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
Fold Change: 2.21
Marker Score: 17,285
Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
Fold Change: 2.15
Marker Score: 1,723
Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium proper of ileum (CL1000342)
Fold Change: 2.12
Marker Score: 613
Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
Fold Change: 1.95
Marker Score: 4,627
Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
Fold Change: 1.78
Marker Score: 442
Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
Fold Change: 1.65
Marker Score: 621
Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
Fold Change: 1.65
Marker Score: 1,641
Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
Fold Change: 1.56
Marker Score: 9,946
Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
Fold Change: 1.47
Marker Score: 168,061
Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
Fold Change: 1.44
Marker Score: 4,952
Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
Fold Change: 1.35
Marker Score: 5,813
Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
Fold Change: 1.32
Marker Score: 1,261
Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
Fold Change: 1.27
Marker Score: 11,044
Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
Fold Change: 1.26
Marker Score: 4,477
Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
Fold Change: 1.25
Marker Score: 6,712
Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
Fold Change: 1.22
Marker Score: 7,818
Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
Fold Change: 1.2
Marker Score: 291
Cell Name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell (CL0005012)
Fold Change: 1.12
Marker Score: 2,133
Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
Fold Change: 1.1
Marker Score: 920
Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
Fold Change: 1.08
Marker Score: 16,854
Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
Fold Change: 1.05
Marker Score: 23,361
Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
Fold Change: 1.01
Marker Score: 2,382
Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
Fold Change: 1
Marker Score: 71,711
Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
Fold Change: 1
Marker Score: 47,935
Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
Fold Change: 0.99
Marker Score: 7,390
Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
Fold Change: 0.98
Marker Score: 30,392
Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
Fold Change: 0.94
Marker Score: 2,400
Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
Fold Change: 0.93
Marker Score: 478
Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
Fold Change: 0.92
Marker Score: 5,268
Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
Fold Change: 0.92
Marker Score: 437
Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
Fold Change: 0.92
Marker Score: 1,493
Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
Fold Change: 0.92
Marker Score: 434
Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
Fold Change: 0.91
Marker Score: 2,730
Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
Fold Change: 0.91
Marker Score: 903
Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
Fold Change: 0.9
Marker Score: 260
Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
Fold Change: 0.87
Marker Score: 5,293
Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
Fold Change: 0.86
Marker Score: 584
Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
Fold Change: 0.85
Marker Score: 581
Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
Fold Change: 0.85
Marker Score: 306
Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
Fold Change: 0.83
Marker Score: 217
Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
Fold Change: 0.83
Marker Score: 808
Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
Fold Change: 0.8
Marker Score: 963
Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
Fold Change: 0.8
Marker Score: 894
Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
Fold Change: 0.79
Marker Score: 1,612
Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
Fold Change: 0.79
Marker Score: 893
Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
Fold Change: 0.79
Marker Score: 828
Cell Name: glycinergic amacrine cell (CL4030028)
Fold Change: 0.78
Marker Score: 738
Cell Name: type L enteroendocrine cell (CL0002279)
Fold Change: 0.78
Marker Score: 212
Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
Fold Change: 0.75
Marker Score: 576
Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
Fold Change: 0.74
Marker Score: 1,746
Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
Fold Change: 0.74
Marker Score: 1,085
Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
Fold Change: 0.74
Marker Score: 295
Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
Fold Change: 0.73
Marker Score: 1,164
Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
Fold Change: 0.73
Marker Score: 272
Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
Fold Change: 0.73
Marker Score: 465
Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
Fold Change: 0.72
Marker Score: 372
Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
Fold Change: 0.71
Marker Score: 494
Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
Fold Change: 0.7
Marker Score: 471
Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
Fold Change: 0.7
Marker Score: 730
Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
Fold Change: 0.69
Marker Score: 2,890
Cell Name: epithelial cell of stratum germinativum of esophagus (CL1000447)
Fold Change: 0.69
Marker Score: 166
Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
Fold Change: 0.67
Marker Score: 720
Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
Fold Change: 0.66
Marker Score: 603
Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
Fold Change: 0.66
Marker Score: 169
Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
Fold Change: 0.66
Marker Score: 1,149
Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
Fold Change: 0.65
Marker Score: 1,000
Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
Fold Change: 0.64
Marker Score: 1,298
Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
Fold Change: 0.63
Marker Score: 419
Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
Fold Change: 0.61
Marker Score: 1,292
Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
Fold Change: 0.61
Marker Score: 656
Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
Fold Change: 0.61
Marker Score: 279
Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
Fold Change: 0.6
Marker Score: 225
Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
Fold Change: 0.59
Marker Score: 20,555
Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
Fold Change: 0.59
Marker Score: 5,091
Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
Fold Change: 0.59
Marker Score: 1,337
Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
Fold Change: 0.57
Marker Score: 21,827
Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
Fold Change: 0.57
Marker Score: 238
Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
Fold Change: 0.57
Marker Score: 1,307
Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
Fold Change: 0.57
Marker Score: 377
Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
Fold Change: 0.57
Marker Score: 401
Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
Fold Change: 0.57
Marker Score: 5,387
Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
Fold Change: 0.57
Marker Score: 34,782
Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
Fold Change: 0.56
Marker Score: 595
Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
Fold Change: 0.56
Marker Score: 1,418
Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
Fold Change: 0.56
Marker Score: 309
Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
Fold Change: 0.56
Marker Score: 2,159
Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
Fold Change: 0.56
Marker Score: 718
Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
Fold Change: 0.55
Marker Score: 8,246
Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
Fold Change: 0.55
Marker Score: 205
Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
Fold Change: 0.55
Marker Score: 5,160
Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
Fold Change: 0.54
Marker Score: 430
Cell Name: bronchial goblet cell (CL1000312)
Fold Change: 0.54
Marker Score: 266
Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
Fold Change: 0.54
Marker Score: 155
Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
Fold Change: 0.53
Marker Score: 19,619
Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
Fold Change: 0.53
Marker Score: 4,049
Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
Fold Change: 0.53
Marker Score: 184

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

**Key Characteristics** CES2 is a serine protease enzyme that exhibits carboxylesterase activity, allowing it to hydrolyze ester bonds in various substrates. Its structure consists of a catalytic domain and a substrate-binding domain, which facilitate the recognition and cleavage of ester groups. CES2 is a type I membrane-bound enzyme, anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, where it is exposed to the luminal surface. This localization enables CES2 to interact with a wide range of substrates, including dietary esters, xenobiotics, and prostaglandins. **Pathways and Functions** CES2 is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Aspirin metabolism**: CES2 has been shown to hydrolyze aspirin, converting it into salicylic acid, a compound with anti-inflammatory properties. 2. **Biological oxidations**: CES2 participates in the metabolism of various oxidized compounds, such as methylumbelliferyl acetate, a substrate commonly used in enzyme assays. 3. **Xenobiotic metabolism**: CES2 is responsible for the breakdown of xenobiotics, including esterified compounds, which are toxic substances not naturally present in the body. 4. **Prostaglandin metabolic process**: CES2 has been implicated in the metabolism of prostaglandins, which are lipid compounds involved in inflammation and immune responses. 5. **Catabolic process**: CES2 is involved in the breakdown of various substrates, including esterified compounds, fatty acids, and other lipids. **Clinical Significance** CES2 has significant clinical implications, particularly in the context of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. For example: 1. **Aspirin-induced gastrointestinal toxicity**: CES2's role in aspirin metabolism highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for reducing gastrointestinal side effects associated with aspirin therapy. 2. **Xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity**: CES2's involvement in xenobiotic metabolism underscores its potential as a biomarker for assessing exposure to toxic substances and predicting their effects on human health. 3. **Gastrointestinal disorders**: CES2's expression in enterocytes and colon epithelial cells suggests its involvement in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In conclusion, CES2 is an essential enzyme involved in various metabolic pathways, including aspirin metabolism, biological oxidations, and xenobiotic metabolism. Its clinical significance is underscored by its potential as a therapeutic target, biomarker, and diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. Further research is needed to fully elucidate CES2's role in human health and disease.

Disclaimer: This summary is generated by an AI language model and may contain inaccuracies or hallucinations. However, it is cross-referenced with curated gene expression data from major biological sources. Please verify the information before use.

Carboxylesterase 2

Genular Protein ID: 2767293062

Symbol: EST2_HUMAN

Name: Carboxylesterase 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O00748 A0A024R6X1 A8K367 Q16859 Q5MAB8 Q7Z366 Q8IUP4 Q8TCP8

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9144407

Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver.

PubMed ID: 9144407

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6413

PubMed ID: 9169443

Title: Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin.

PubMed ID: 9169443

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.23.14769

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 17974005

Title: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium.

PubMed ID: 17974005

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-399

PubMed ID: 15616553

Title: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 15616553

DOI: 10.1038/nature03187

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 21049984

Title: Inactivation of lipid glyceryl ester metabolism in human THP1 monocytes/macrophages by activated organophosphorus insecticides: role of carboxylesterases 1 and 2.

PubMed ID: 21049984

DOI: 10.1021/tx1002194

PubMed ID: 22446793

Title: Carboxylesterase 2 production and characterization in human cells: new insights into enzyme oligomerization and activity.

PubMed ID: 22446793

DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3994-3

PubMed ID: 28677105

Title: Carboxylesterases in lipid metabolism: from mouse to human.

PubMed ID: 28677105

DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0437-z

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 12721789

Title: Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 (CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population.

PubMed ID: 12721789

DOI: 10.1007/s10038-003-0021-7

PubMed ID: 15618752

Title: Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CES2 gene encoding human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE-2).

PubMed ID: 15618752

DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.18.327

Sequence Information:

Length: 559
Mass: 61807
Checksum: E2EBCABA2995339A
Sequence:

MRLHRLRARL SAVACGLLLL LVRGQGQDSA SPIRTTHTGQ VLGSLVHVKG ANAGVQTFLG 
IPFAKPPLGP LRFAPPEPPE SWSGVRDGTT HPAMCLQDLT AVESEFLSQF NMTFPSDSMS 
EDCLYLSIYT PAHSHEGSNL PVMVWIHGGA LVFGMASLYD GSMLAALENV VVVIIQYRLG 
VLGFFSTGDK HATGNWGYLD QVAALRWVQQ NIAHFGGNPD RVTIFGESAG GTSVSSLVVS 
PISQGLFHGA IMESGVALLP GLIASSADVI STVVANLSAC DQVDSEALVG CLRGKSKEEI 
LAINKPFKMI PGVVDGVFLP RHPQELLASA DFQPVPSIVG VNNNEFGWLI PKVMRIYDTQ 
KEMDREASQA ALQKMLTLLM LPPTFGDLLR EEYIGDNGDP QTLQAQFQEM MADSMFVIPA 
LQVAHFQCSR APVYFYEFQH QPSWLKNIRP PHMKADHGDE LPFVFRSFFG GNYIKFTEEE 
EQLSRKMMKY WANFARNGNP NGEGLPHWPL FDQEEQYLQL NLQPAVGRAL KAHRLQFWKK 
ALPQKIQELE EPEERHTEL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.

Details for: CES2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

Other Information

Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver. PubMed ID: 9144407

Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin. PubMed ID: 9169443

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. PubMed ID: 14702039

The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium. PubMed ID: 17974005

The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. PubMed ID: 15616553

The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). PubMed ID: 15489334

Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. PubMed ID: 19159218

Inactivation of lipid glyceryl ester metabolism in human THP1 monocytes/macrophages by activated organophosphorus insecticides: role of carboxylesterases 1 and 2. PubMed ID: 21049984

Carboxylesterase 2 production and characterization in human cells: new insights into enzyme oligomerization and activity. PubMed ID: 22446793

Carboxylesterases in lipid metabolism: from mouse to human. PubMed ID: 28677105

Initial characterization of the human central proteome. PubMed ID: 21269460

An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. PubMed ID: 24275569

Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 (CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population. PubMed ID: 12721789

Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CES2 gene encoding human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE-2). PubMed ID: 15618752