Details for: DDC

Gene ID: 1644

Symbol: DDC

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132437

Description: dopa decarboxylase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 2.84
    Marker Score: 8,102
  • Cell Name: sympathetic neuron (CL0011103)
    Fold Change: 2.7
    Marker Score: 891
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 2.64
    Marker Score: 788
  • Cell Name: chromaffin cell (CL0000166)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Marker Score: 3,036
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 1.92
    Marker Score: 2,958
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Marker Score: 6,533
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Marker Score: 18,894
  • Cell Name: type G enteroendocrine cell (CL0000508)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 581
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Marker Score: 8,011
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 3,926
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Marker Score: 3,633
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 868
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium proper of ileum (CL1000342)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 383
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 482
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 296
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Marker Score: 3,757
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 3,675
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 1,951
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,819
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48,043
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 508
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,407
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 461
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 1,551
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,412
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5,353
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 451
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2,740
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 885
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,285
  • Cell Name: rod bipolar cell (CL0000751)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 454
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 644
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 13,040
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 431
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 320
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 750
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 395
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 3,195
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 677
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 466
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 178
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 356
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas (CL0002351)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 142
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 261
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 426
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 1,295
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 604
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 151
  • Cell Name: type I enteroendocrine cell (CL0002277)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 140
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 148
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 441
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 132
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 154
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 287
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 277
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 435
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 209
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 188
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 300
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 107
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 194
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 397
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 835
  • Cell Name: type L enteroendocrine cell (CL0002279)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 108
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 126
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 218
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 151
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 201
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 2,186
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 239
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 321
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 1,989
  • Cell Name: epithelial fate stem cell (CL0000036)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 84
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 245
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 125
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 149
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 116
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of large intestine (CL0009016)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 78
  • Cell Name: lung neuroendocrine cell (CL1000223)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 72
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 565
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 243
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 353
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 78
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 924
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 151
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 438
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 59
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 60
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 133
  • Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 82
  • Cell Name: primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei) (CL0000531)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 65
  • Cell Name: type D enteroendocrine cell (CL0000502)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 58
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 537
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 84
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 67
  • Cell Name: OFF-bipolar cell (CL0000750)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 513
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 1,103
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 690

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** DDC is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, meaning it requires the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate to catalyze its reaction. This enzyme is also a member of the aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase family, which includes other enzymes involved in the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acids. DDC has a high degree of specificity for L-tryptophan, with a Km value of approximately 10-20 μM, indicating its high affinity for this substrate. The enzyme is also sensitive to inhibition by various compounds, including the neurotoxin 6-OHDA, which is commonly used in research to study the effects of dopamine depletion. **Pathways and Functions** DDC is involved in several key metabolic pathways, including: 1. **Catecholamine biosynthesis**: DDC catalyzes the conversion of L-tryptophan to dopamine, which is then further converted to norepinephrine and epinephrine through a series of reactions involving other enzymes. 2. **Amino acid metabolism**: DDC plays a role in the degradation of aromatic amino acids, including tryptophan and tyrosine. 3. **Neurotransmitter regulation**: DDC is involved in regulating the levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in the brain and peripheral tissues. 4. **Response to toxic substances**: DDC is sensitive to inhibition by various toxins, including 6-OHDA, and plays a role in responding to these substances in the body. **Clinical Significance** DDC has significant clinical implications, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. For example: 1. **Parkinson's disease**: DDC is involved in the production of dopamine, which is depleted in Parkinson's disease. Inhibitors of DDC, such as carbidopa, are often used in combination with levodopa to treat this condition. 2. **Neurotoxicity**: DDC is sensitive to inhibition by various toxins, including 6-OHDA, which can be used to study the effects of dopamine depletion in research. 3. **Cancer**: DDC has been implicated in the development and progression of certain types of cancer, including neuroblastoma and melanoma. 4. **Neurodevelopmental disorders**: DDC plays a role in the regulation of neurotransmitter levels in the developing brain, and abnormalities in DDC expression have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. In conclusion, Dopa decarboxylase is a critical enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of catecholamines and has significant implications for our understanding of neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and clinical significance of this enzyme.

Genular Protein ID: 4071522668

Symbol: DDC_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2590185

Title: Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.

PubMed ID: 2590185

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)91772-5

PubMed ID: 1612608

Title: Human dopa decarboxylase: localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 1612608

DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90275-w

PubMed ID: 1540578

Title: Molecular cloning of genomic DNA and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme for catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis.

PubMed ID: 1540578

DOI: 10.1021/bi00123a004

PubMed ID: 15532536

Title: Identification and characterization of a novel form of the human L-dopa decarboxylase mRNA.

PubMed ID: 15532536

DOI: 10.1023/b:nere.0000042207.05071.ea

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8510497

Title: Identification of a neuron-specific promoter of human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene.

PubMed ID: 8510497

DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(93)90006-b

PubMed ID: 1395716

Title: Localisation of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) to chromosome 7p13-->p11 by in situ hybridisation.

PubMed ID: 1395716

DOI: 10.1159/000133384

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 22143761

Title: Open conformation of human DOPA decarboxylase reveals the mechanism of PLP addition to Group II decarboxylases.

PubMed ID: 22143761

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1111456108

PubMed ID: 10391209

Title: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes.

PubMed ID: 10391209

DOI: 10.1038/10290

PubMed ID: 14991824

Title: Levodopa-responsive aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 14991824

DOI: 10.1002/ana.20055

PubMed ID: 15079002

Title: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis.

PubMed ID: 15079002

DOI: 10.1212/wnl.62.7.1058

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 480
  • Mass: 53926
  • Checksum: 0A2CFF9A39BDE298
  • Sequence:
  • MNASEFRRRG KEMVDYMANY MEGIEGRQVY PDVEPGYLRP LIPAAAPQEP DTFEDIINDV 
    EKIIMPGVTH WHSPYFFAYF PTASSYPAML ADMLCGAIGC IGFSWAASPA CTELETVMMD 
    WLGKMLELPK AFLNEKAGEG GGVIQGSASE ATLVALLAAR TKVIHRLQAA SPELTQAAIM 
    EKLVAYSSDQ AHSSVERAGL IGGVKLKAIP SDGNFAMRAS ALQEALERDK AAGLIPFFMV 
    ATLGTTTCCS FDNLLEVGPI CNKEDIWLHV DAAYAGSAFI CPEFRHLLNG VEFADSFNFN 
    PHKWLLVNFD CSAMWVKKRT DLTGAFRLDP TYLKHSHQDS GLITDYRHWQ IPLGRRFRSL 
    KMWFVFRMYG VKGLQAYIRK HVQLSHEFES LVRQDPRFEI CVEVILGLVC FRLKGSNKVN 
    EALLQRINSA KKIHLVPCHL RDKFVLRFAI CSRTVESAHV QRAWEHIKEL AADVLRAERE

Genular Protein ID: 3803880510

Symbol: Q53Y41_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 12690205

Title: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.

PubMed ID: 12690205

DOI: 10.1126/science.1083423

PubMed ID: 37466248

Title: Human aromatic amino acid decarboxylase is an asymmetric and flexible enzyme: Implication in aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 37466248

DOI: 10.1002/pro.4732

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 480
  • Mass: 53894
  • Checksum: 898FD4B99A96C13E
  • Sequence:
  • MNASEFRRRG KEMVDYVANY MEGIEGRQVY PDVEPGYLRP LIPAAAPQEP DTFEDIINDV 
    EKIIMPGVTH WHSPYFFAYF PTASSYPAML ADMLCGAIGC IGFSWAASPA CTELETVMMD 
    WLGKMLELPK AFLNEKAGEG GGVIQGSASE ATLVALLAAR TKVIHRLQAA SPELTQAAIM 
    EKLVAYSSDQ AHSSVERAGL IGGVKLKAIP SDGNFAMRAS ALQEALERDK AAGLIPFFMV 
    ATLGTTTCCS FDNLLEVGPI CNKEDIWLHV DAAYAGSAFI CPEFRHLLNG VEFADSFNFN 
    PHKWLLVNFD CSAMWVKKRT DLTGAFRLDP TYLKHSHQDS GLITDYRHWQ IPLGRRFRSL 
    KMWFVFRMYG VKGLQAYIRK HVQLSHEFES LVRQDPRFEI CVEVILGLVC FRLKGSNKVN 
    EALLQRINSA KKIHLVPCHL RDKFVLRFAI CSRTVESAHV QRAWEHIKEL AADVLRAERE

Genular Protein ID: 3985871827

Symbol: A0A087WV24_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 442
  • Mass: 49697
  • Checksum: 5CC2298848EFE098
  • Sequence:
  • MNASEFRRRG KEMVDYMANY MEGIEGRQVY PDVEPGYLRP LIPAAAPQEP DTFEDIINDV 
    EKIIMPGAAS PACTELETVM MDWLGKMLEL PKAFLNEKAG EGGGVIQGSA SEATLVALLA 
    ARTKVIHRLQ AASPELTQAA IMEKLVAYSS DQAHSSVERA GLIGGVKLKA IPSDGNFAMR 
    ASALQEALER DKAAGLIPFF MVATLGTTTC CSFDNLLEVG PICNKEDIWL HVDAAYAGSA 
    FICPEFRHLL NGVEFADSFN FNPHKWLLVN FDCSAMWVKK RTDLTGAFRL DPTYLKHSHQ 
    DSGLITDYRH WQIPLGRRFR SLKMWFVFRM YGVKGLQAYI RKHVQLSHEF ESLVRQDPRF 
    EICVEVILGL VCFRLKGSNK VNEALLQRIN SAKKIHLVPC HLRDKFVLRF AICSRTVESA 
    HVQRAWEHIK ELAADVLRAE RE

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.