Details for: DIO2

Gene ID: 1734

Symbol: DIO2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000211448

Description: iodothyronine deiodinase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 32.2797
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2400
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 10.0282
    Cell Significance Index: 62.3100
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: 8.6636
    Cell Significance Index: 92.0500
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.2121
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0300
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 1.6994
    Cell Significance Index: 26.9600
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: 1.2804
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.0058
    Cell Significance Index: 21.7900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.9418
    Cell Significance Index: 70.1900
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 0.9070
    Cell Significance Index: 22.1300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.8131
    Cell Significance Index: 359.5000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lacrimal sac (CL1000436)
    Fold Change: 0.7837
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.5018
    Cell Significance Index: 64.3300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.4777
    Cell Significance Index: 18.0900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 0.4773
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.4409
    Cell Significance Index: 19.5000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 0.3812
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9800
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.3106
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2669
    Cell Significance Index: 50.8000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.2621
    Cell Significance Index: 118.9700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.2559
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2294
    Cell Significance Index: 82.2700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.2100
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1900
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.1964
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 0.1552
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.1267
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1181
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.1172
    Cell Significance Index: 159.4200
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.1037
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0927
    Cell Significance Index: 26.6900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0645
    Cell Significance Index: 118.9900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0580
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: 22.2500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3000
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0254
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0273
    Cell Significance Index: -20.2000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: -0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0303
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0306
    Cell Significance Index: -19.0900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.0318
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0354
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0379
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0531
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0655
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6900
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0682
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0720
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2900
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0752
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0766
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0830
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8700
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0862
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0921
    Cell Significance Index: -19.4000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0952
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: -0.0994
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1077
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9200
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: -0.1086
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.1191
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.1291
    Cell Significance Index: -15.8700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1334
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1534
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1614
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1667
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1807
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2013
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2052
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2500
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.2248
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2267
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.2306
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2459
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2671
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2400
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: -0.2687
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.2841
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.3023
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.3107
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.3455
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1400
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.3797
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4100
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.3850
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6200
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.3904
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6200
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.3925
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.3943
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.4019
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.4047
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4700
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.4100
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.4250
    Cell Significance Index: -22.0800
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.4267
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.4321
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8400
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.4363
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8000
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.4445
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5700
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.4688
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.4779
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** DIO2 is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme, which is essential for its catalytic activity. This enzyme is primarily expressed in tissues that require rapid changes in thyroid hormone levels, such as the thyroid follicular cells, skeletal muscle, and brain. DIO2 has two isoforms, Type II and Type III, which differ in their substrate specificity and tissue distribution. Type II DIO2 is responsible for the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3), the more active form of thyroid hormone. **Pathways and Functions:** The primary function of DIO2 is to regulate thyroid hormone activity by converting T4 to T3. This process is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in various physiological processes, including thermogenesis, metabolism, and growth and development. DIO2 is also involved in the regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis, a process by which the body generates heat in response to cold stress. Additionally, DIO2 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, which is a key component of the innate immune response. **Clinical Significance:** DIO2 has been implicated in various diseases, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis. Mutations in the DIO2 gene have been associated with congenital hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by low levels of thyroid hormones in the blood. Furthermore, DIO2 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of immune responses, and alterations in DIO2 expression have been observed in various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. **Regulation and Expression:** DIO2 expression is tightly regulated by various factors, including thyroid hormone levels, growth factors, and inflammatory cytokines. The enzyme is primarily expressed in tissues that require rapid changes in thyroid hormone levels, such as the thyroid follicular cells, skeletal muscle, and brain. DIO2 expression is also regulated by post-transcriptional modifications, including RNA editing and alternative splicing. **Conclusion:** In conclusion, DIO2 is a critical enzyme involved in the regulation of thyroid hormone activity and immune responses. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms of DIO2 regulation and expression, as well as its role in various diseases. **Future Directions:** Future studies should focus on the following areas: 1. Elucidating the mechanisms of DIO2 regulation and expression. 2. Investigating the role of DIO2 in various diseases, including autoimmune thyroiditis and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. Developing therapeutic strategies to modulate DIO2 activity in the treatment of thyroid-related disorders. 4. Examining the relationship between DIO2 expression and immune responses in various contexts. By continuing to explore the complexities of DIO2, we can gain a deeper understanding of its role in thyroid hormone metabolism and immune regulation, ultimately leading to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 4184835369

Symbol: IOD2_HUMAN

Name: Type II iodothyronine deiodinase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q92813 B9EGK0 G3V315 Q6B0A3 Q9HCP7 Q9HCP8 Q9P1W4 Q9UDZ1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 6 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EC 2 EMBL 9 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 12 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 6 Rhea 1 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8755651

Title: Cloning of the mammalian type II iodothyronine deiodinase. A selenoprotein differentially expressed and regulated in human and rat brain and other tissues.

PubMed ID: 8755651

DOI: 10.1172/jci118806

PubMed ID: 9837913

Title: The 3'-untranslated region of human type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA contains a functional selenocysteine insertion sequence element.

PubMed ID: 9837913

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.50.33374

PubMed ID: 11165050

Title: Identification of two novel splicing variants of human type II iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA.

PubMed ID: 11165050

DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00368-3

PubMed ID: 12508121

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14.

PubMed ID: 12508121

DOI: 10.1038/nature01348

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12865408

Title: Deubiquitination of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase by von Hippel-Lindau protein-interacting deubiquitinating enzymes regulates thyroid hormone activation.

PubMed ID: 12865408

DOI: 10.1172/jci18348

PubMed ID: 19651899

Title: The E3 ubiquitin ligase TEB4 mediates degradation of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase.

PubMed ID: 19651899

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01498-08

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 273
  • Mass: 30552
  • Checksum: 88D68B9AA6CB2A42
  • Sequence:
    • MGILSVDLLI TLQILPVFFS NCLFLALYDS VILLKHVVLL LSRSKSTRGE WRRMLTSEGL 
RCVWKSFLLD AYKQVKLGED APNSSVVHVS STEGGDNSGN GTQEKIAEGA TCHLLDFASP 
ERPLVVNFGS ATUPPFTSQL PAFRKLVEEF SSVADFLLVY IDEAHPSDGW AIPGDSSLSF 
EVKKHQNQED RCAAAQQLLE RFSLPPQCRV VADRMDNNAN IAYGVAFERV CIVQRQKIAY 
LGGKGPFSYN LQEVRHWLEK NFSKRUKKTR LAG

Genular Protein ID: 3597177725

Symbol: A8K845_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A8K845

Database IDs:

ARBA 2 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 GO 3 Gene3D 1 InterPro 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 RefSeq 1 RuleBase 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 132
  • Mass: 14441
  • Checksum: 4C1E2D4C539B9369
  • Sequence:
    • MGILSVDLLI TLQILPVFFS NCLFLALYDS VILLKHVVLL LSRSKSTRGE WRRMLTSEGL 
RCVWKSFLLD AYKQVKLGED APNSSVVHVS STEGGDNSGN GTQEKIAEGA TCHLLDFASP 
ERPLVVNFGS AT

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.