Details for: DLX2

Gene ID: 1746

Symbol: DLX2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115844

Description: distal-less homeobox 2

Associated with

  • Brain development
    (GO:0007420)
  • Branching morphogenesis of a nerve
    (GO:0048755)
  • Cartilage development
    (GO:0051216)
  • Cell differentiation
    (GO:0030154)
  • Cerebral cortex gabaergic interneuron fate commitment
    (GO:0021893)
  • Chromatin
    (GO:0000785)
  • Chromatin binding
    (GO:0003682)
  • Dna-binding transcription activator activity, rna polymerase ii-specific
    (GO:0001228)
  • Dna-binding transcription factor activity
    (GO:0003700)
  • Dna-binding transcription factor activity, rna polymerase ii-specific
    (GO:0000981)
  • Embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis
    (GO:0048701)
  • Embryonic skeletal system development
    (GO:0048706)
  • Forebrain neuron differentiation
    (GO:0021879)
  • Hippocampus development
    (GO:0021766)
  • Negative regulation of notch signaling pathway
    (GO:0045746)
  • Negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
    (GO:0048715)
  • Negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
    (GO:0046533)
  • Neuroblast differentiation
    (GO:0014016)
  • Notch signaling pathway
    (GO:0007219)
  • Nucleus
    (GO:0005634)
  • Odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
    (GO:0042475)
  • Olfactory bulb development
    (GO:0021772)
  • Oligodendrocyte differentiation
    (GO:0048709)
  • Positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation
    (GO:1902871)
  • Positive regulation of cell differentiation
    (GO:0045597)
  • Positive regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii
    (GO:0045944)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Proximal/distal pattern formation
    (GO:0009954)
  • Regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii
    (GO:0006357)
  • Rna polymerase ii cis-regulatory region sequence-specific dna binding
    (GO:0000978)
  • Sequence-specific double-stranded dna binding
    (GO:1990837)
  • Single-stranded rna binding
    (GO:0003727)
  • Subpallium development
    (GO:0021544)
  • Transcription cis-regulatory region binding
    (GO:0000976)

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 26.4875
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1200
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 3.3172
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 1.0479
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 1.0164
    Cell Significance Index: 130.3000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.7864
    Cell Significance Index: 10.7300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.6619
    Cell Significance Index: 30.0000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.4565
    Cell Significance Index: 28.0600
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.4541
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.3424
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1300
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.3345
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of large intestine (CL0009016)
    Fold Change: 0.2139
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2010
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.1019
    Cell Significance Index: 45.0500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0964
    Cell Significance Index: 34.5600
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell precursor (CL0002375)
    Fold Change: 0.0755
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6000
  • Cell Name: large intestine goblet cell (CL1000320)
    Fold Change: 0.0738
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0461
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0191
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6700
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5000
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.0121
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0700
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0173
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0216
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0230
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7100
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: -0.0244
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0246
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0266
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2700
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0311
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6600
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0328
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3200
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0426
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0443
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.0478
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0521
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0593
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0610
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1700
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0623
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.0660
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0714
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0736
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0754
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0865
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0896
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0897
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0902
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.0903
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
    Fold Change: -0.0953
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0990
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4700
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1001
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1041
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1054
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.1066
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3100
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1101
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1102
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1116
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1124
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0600
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.1150
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.1178
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1212
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8600
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.1240
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4400
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.1269
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1700
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1306
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5000
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.1328
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9000
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.1358
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1381
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.1388
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.1398
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9000
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.1418
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2500
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1453
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6300
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.1464
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.1519
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.1539
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1552
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1568
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3400
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.1604
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: -0.1604
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.1685
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6900
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.1699
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1500
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.1706
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) (CL0000338)
    Fold Change: -0.1727
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** The DLX2 gene belongs to the distal-less homeobox family of transcription factors, which are known for their role in developmental processes. The DLX2 gene is specifically expressed in various cell types, including neural crest cells, migratory enteric neural crest cells, neuroblasts, cardiac endothelial cells, peripheral nervous system neurons, and inhibitory motor neurons. The protein product of the DLX2 gene, Homeobox protein DLX-2, is a transcription factor that binds to specific DNA sequences, regulating gene expression. **Pathways and Functions:** The DLX2 gene is involved in several developmental pathways, including: 1. **Brain development:** DLX2 regulates the development of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and subpallium, influencing the fate of neurons and the formation of neural circuits. 2. **Neuronal differentiation:** DLX2 promotes the differentiation of neurons, including inhibitory motor neurons and peripheral nervous system neurons. 3. **Cell differentiation:** DLX2 regulates the differentiation of various cell types, including goblet cells and intestinal crypt stem cells of the colon. 4. **Notch signaling pathway:** DLX2 negatively regulates the Notch signaling pathway, which is involved in cell fate determination and differentiation. 5. **Chromatin regulation:** DLX2 binds to specific DNA sequences, regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of the DLX2 gene has been implicated in various diseases and disorders, including: 1. **Neurodevelopmental disorders:** Mutations in the DLX2 gene have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. 2. **Cancer:** DLX2 is overexpressed in certain types of cancer, including glioblastoma and breast cancer, suggesting its role in tumorigenesis. 3. **Cardiovascular disease:** DLX2 is involved in the development of the cardiac endothelial cell, and dysregulation of the gene may contribute to cardiovascular disease. 4. **Neurodegenerative diseases:** DLX2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, the DLX2 gene is a crucial regulator of developmental processes in the nervous system and beyond. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases and disorders, highlighting the importance of further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying DLX2 function.

Genular Protein ID: 2297538412

Symbol: DLX2_HUMAN

Name: Homeobox protein DLX-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q07687 B4DMK4 B7ZA14

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 6 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 32 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 7 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 2 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8812481

Title: Sequence, organization, and transcription of the Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 locus.

PubMed ID: 8812481

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0387

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7901126

Title: The human brain homeogene, DLX-2: cDNA sequence and alignment with the murine homologue.

PubMed ID: 7901126

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90212-l

PubMed ID: 7907794

Title: Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family.

PubMed ID: 7907794

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2250

PubMed ID: 18220336

Title: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis.

PubMed ID: 18220336

DOI: 10.1021/pr0705441

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 328
  • Mass: 34243
  • Checksum: BB6A077256F58022
  • Sequence:
    • MTGVFDSLVA DMHSTQIAAS STYHQHQQPP SGGGAGPGGN SSSSSSLHKP QESPTLPVST 
ATDSSYYTNQ QHPAGGGGGG GSPYAHMGSY QYQASGLNNV PYSAKSSYDL GYTAAYTSYA 
PYGTSSSPAN NEPEKEDLEP EIRIVNGKPK KVRKPRTIYS SFQLAALQRR FQKTQYLALP 
ERAELAASLG LTQTQVKIWF QNRRSKFKKM WKSGEIPSEQ HPGASASPPC ASPPVSAPAS 
WDFGVPQRMA GGGGPGSGGS GAGSSGSSPS SAASAFLGNY PWYHQTSGSA SHLQATAPLL 
HPTQTPQPHH HHHHHGGGGA PVSAGTIF

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.