Details for: GCKR

Gene ID: 2646

Symbol: GCKR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000084734

Description: glucokinase regulator

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 2.4197
    Cell Significance Index: 40.7600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6404
    Cell Significance Index: 127.0900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 0.6282
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1700
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 0.5669
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1400
  • Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
    Fold Change: 0.5641
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3800
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.3829
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.3129
    Cell Significance Index: 8.3900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2733
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.2695
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8600
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.2297
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3900
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 0.2176
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7500
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.1215
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1157
    Cell Significance Index: 80.0200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0643
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8900
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1100
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6100
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0282
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0316
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0369
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0412
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0416
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0420
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1300
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0425
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0449
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0480
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2400
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0516
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0572
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0591
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0595
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0614
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0636
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0665
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0675
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0680
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0697
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0705
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0709
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0710
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0728
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0735
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0743
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3700
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.0775
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0790
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0800
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6200
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0810
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0850
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0866
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: professional antigen presenting cell (CL0000145)
    Fold Change: -0.0875
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0913
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3500
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0945
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0959
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0966
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0973
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0984
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0992
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1017
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1083
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1113
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1900
  • Cell Name: chondrocyte (CL0000138)
    Fold Change: -0.1163
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: T-helper 17 cell (CL0000899)
    Fold Change: -0.1216
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.1264
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of endometrium (CL0002255)
    Fold Change: -0.1280
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.1295
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1315
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1333
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5600
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.1343
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.1347
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4900
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1350
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6100
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.1366
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GCKR is a secreted protein that binds to glucokinase, a key enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. This binding regulates glucokinase activity, thereby modulating glucose homeostasis. GCKR is primarily expressed in the liver, colon, and pancreas, where it plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Its expression is also detected in hematopoietic cells, suggesting a potential role in glucose homeostasis during development and tissue regeneration. **Pathways and Functions:** GCKR is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Carbohydrate Metabolic Process**: GCKR regulates glucokinase activity, which is essential for glucose metabolism. This process involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, which is then used to produce energy or stored as glycogen. 2. **Glycolysis**: GCKR influences glycolysis, a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating energy in the form of ATP. 3. **Glucose Homeostasis**: GCKR helps maintain glucose homeostasis by regulating glucokinase activity, ensuring that glucose levels remain within a narrow range. 4. **Triglyceride Homeostasis**: GCKR also plays a role in triglyceride metabolism, which is essential for maintaining healthy lipid levels. **Clinical Significance:** GCKR has been implicated in various metabolic disorders, including: 1. **Type 2 Diabetes**: Variants of the GCKR gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, highlighting the gene's role in glucose homeostasis. 2. **Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma**: Defects in the GCKR gene have been linked to an increased susceptibility to thyroid papillary carcinoma, a type of thyroid cancer. 3. **Metabolic Syndrome**: GCKR has been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, GCKR is a critical gene that plays a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis and metabolism. Its widespread expression in various tissues and its involvement in key metabolic pathways highlight its importance in maintaining healthy glucose levels. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which GCKR regulates glucose metabolism and its clinical significance in metabolic disorders. **References:** * [Insert relevant references] **Author's Note:** This article is a summary of the current understanding of the GCKR gene and its role in glucose homeostasis and metabolism. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which GCKR regulates glucose metabolism and its clinical significance in metabolic disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 1145640165

Symbol: GCKR_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8589523

Title: Human glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR): cDNA and genomic cloning, complete primary structure, and chromosomal localization.

PubMed ID: 8589523

DOI: 10.1007/bf00356171

PubMed ID: 9570959

Title: Organization of the human glucokinase regulator gene GCKR.

PubMed ID: 9570959

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.5195

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10456334

Title: Glucokinase regulatory protein is essential for the proper subcellular localisation of liver glucokinase.

PubMed ID: 10456334

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00971-0

PubMed ID: 18556336

Title: The common P446L polymorphism in GCKR inversely modulates fasting glucose and triglyceride levels and reduces type 2 diabetes risk in the DESIR prospective general French population.

PubMed ID: 18556336

DOI: 10.2337/db07-1807

PubMed ID: 19643913

Title: The P446L variant in GCKR associated with fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride levels exerts its effect through increased glucokinase activity in liver.

PubMed ID: 19643913

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp357

PubMed ID: 23733961

Title: Molecular basis for the role of glucokinase regulatory protein as the allosteric switch for glucokinase.

PubMed ID: 23733961

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300457110

PubMed ID: 23621087

Title: Crystal structure of glucokinase regulatory protein.

PubMed ID: 23621087

DOI: 10.1021/bi4000782

PubMed ID: 18678614

Title: Common missense variant in the glucokinase regulatory protein gene is associated with increased plasma triglyceride and C-reactive protein but lower fasting glucose concentrations.

PubMed ID: 18678614

DOI: 10.2337/db08-0516

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 625
  • Mass: 68685
  • Checksum: DE750462AC603C80
  • Sequence:
  • MPGTKRFQHV IETPEPGKWE LSGYEAAVPI TEKSNPLTQD LDKADAENIV RLLGQCDAEI 
    FQEEGQALST YQRLYSESIL TTMVQVAGKV QEVLKEPDGG LVVLSGGGTS GRMAFLMSVS 
    FNQLMKGLGQ KPLYTYLIAG GDRSVVASRE GTEDSALHGI EELKKVAAGK KRVIVIGISV 
    GLSAPFVAGQ MDCCMNNTAV FLPVLVGFNP VSMARNDPIE DWSSTFRQVA ERMQKMQEKQ 
    KAFVLNPAIG PEGLSGSSRM KGGSATKILL ETLLLAAHKT VDQGIAASQR CLLEILRTFE 
    RAHQVTYSQS PKIATLMKSV STSLEKKGHV YLVGWQTLGI IAIMDGVECI HTFGADFRDV 
    RGFLIGDHSD MFNQKAELTN QGPQFTFSQE DFLTSILPSL TEIDTVVFIF TLDDNLTEVQ 
    TIVEQVKEKT NHIQALAHST VGQTLPIPLK KLFPSIISIT WPLLFFEYEG NFIQKFQREL 
    STKWVLNTVS TGAHVLLGKI LQNHMLDLRI SNSKLFWRAL AMLQRFSGQS KARCIESLLR 
    AIHFPQPLSD DIRAAPISCH VQVAHEKEQV IPIALLSLLF RCSITEAQAH LAAAPSVCEA 
    VRSALAGPGQ KRTADPLEIL EPDVQ

Genular Protein ID: 1294067980

Symbol: A0A0C4DFN2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 625
  • Mass: 68701
  • Checksum: C275186BEC6975DC
  • Sequence:
  • MPGTKRFQHV IETPEPGKWE LSGYEAAVPI TEKSNPLTQD LDKADAENIV RLLGQCDAEI 
    FQEEGQALST YQRLYSESIL TTMVQVAGKV QEVLKEPDGG LVVLSGGGTS GRMAFLMSVS 
    FNQLMKGLGQ KPLYTYLIAG GDRSVVASRE GTEDSALHGI EELKKVAAGK KRVIVIGISV 
    GLSAPFVAGQ MDCCMNNTAV FLPVLVGFNP VSMARNDPIE DWSSTFRQVA ERMQKMQEKQ 
    KAFVLNPAIG PEGLSGSSRM KGGSATKILL ETLLLAAHKT VDQGIAASQR CLLEILRTFE 
    RAHQVTYSQS PKIATLMKSV STSLEKKGHV YLVGWQTLGI IAIMDGVECI HTFGADFRDV 
    RGFLIGDHSD MFNQKAELTN QGPQFTFSQE DFLTSILPSL TEIDTVVFIF TLDDNLTEVQ 
    TIVEQVKEKT NHIQALAHST VGQTLLIPLK KLFPSIISIT WPLLFFEYEG NFIQKFQREL 
    STKWVLNTVS TGAHVLLGKI LQNHMLDLRI SNSKLFWRAL AMLQRFSGQS KARCIESLLR 
    AIHFPQPLSD DIRAAPISCH VQVAHEKEQV IPIALLSLLF RCSITEAQAH LAAAPSVCEA 
    VRSALAGPGQ KRTADPLEIL EPDVQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.