Details for: AMY2A

Gene ID: 279

Symbol: AMY2A

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000243480

Description: amylase alpha 2A

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas (CL1001433)
    Fold Change: 285.4574
    Cell Significance Index: 143.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 8.1474
    Cell Significance Index: 1391.2200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 7.3598
    Cell Significance Index: 840.1200
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 1.4680
    Cell Significance Index: 35.5600
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.4617
    Cell Significance Index: 6.7300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.2761
    Cell Significance Index: 31.6300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: 0.2462
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1000
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 0.1275
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6600
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 0.0836
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.0722
    Cell Significance Index: 45.0800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.0371
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.0277
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0265
    Cell Significance Index: 19.6100
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.0251
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7900
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0133
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0173
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0196
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.0225
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0247
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0255
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0255
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0276
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: -0.0309
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0318
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0321
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.0359
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0364
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.0373
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0379
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0382
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.0383
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0392
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: pyramidal neuron (CL0000598)
    Fold Change: -0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.0422
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0422
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0427
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: -0.0431
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0436
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0438
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0442
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: -0.0447
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: -0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: -0.0455
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0455
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0459
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic epsilon cell (CL0005019)
    Fold Change: -0.0475
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.0481
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0492
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.0501
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0502
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: -0.0508
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor (CL4023059)
    Fold Change: -0.0514
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: -0.0515
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: -0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0549
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0552
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Enzyme Function**: AMY2A encodes for pancreatic alpha-amylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds in starch and glycogen, breaking them down into simpler sugars. 2. **Tissue Expression**: The AMY2A gene is expressed in various tissues, including the exocrine pancreas, intestinal epithelial cells, and endothelial cells of blood vessels. It is also expressed in the central nervous system, where it plays a role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. 3. **Protein Structure**: The AMY2A protein is a homodimeric enzyme, consisting of two identical subunits. Each subunit contains a catalytic domain and a binding domain for calcium ions. 4. **Regulation**: The expression of AMY2A is regulated by various factors, including hormones, growth factors, and transcription factors. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Carbohydrate Catabolism**: AMY2A plays a key role in the breakdown of dietary polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars. These sugars are then absorbed and utilized by cells for energy production. 2. **Digestion and Absorption**: AMY2A is essential for the digestion of dietary carbohydrates in the gut. It breaks down starch and glycogen into maltose, which is then absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells. 3. **Extracellular Signaling**: The AMY2A protein interacts with extracellular signaling molecules, such as calcium ions, to regulate its activity and expression. 4. **Neurotransmission**: In the central nervous system, AMY2A plays a role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, which is essential for maintaining proper neurotransmission and neuronal function. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Diabetes**: Mutations in the AMY2A gene have been associated with autosomal recessive diabetes, a rare form of diabetes that affects carbohydrate metabolism. 2. **Pancreatic Disease**: Impaired pancreatic alpha-amylase activity has been linked to various pancreatic diseases, including pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. 3. **Gastrointestinal Disorders**: Abnormalities in AMY2A expression and function have been implicated in gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and celiac disease. 4. **Neurological Disorders**: The role of AMY2A in carbohydrate metabolism and neurotransmission makes it a potential target for the treatment of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, the AMY2A gene plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism and digestion. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, making it an important target for therapeutic intervention. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of AMY2A and its role in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3521307398

Symbol: AMYP_HUMAN

Name: Pancreatic alpha-amylase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6610603

Title: Corrected sequences of cDNAs for human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases.

PubMed ID: 6610603

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90265-8

PubMed ID: 2450054

Title: Primary structure of human pancreatic alpha-amylase gene: its comparison with human salivary alpha-amylase gene.

PubMed ID: 2450054

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90213-7

PubMed ID: 6336237

Title: A complementary DNA sequence that predicts a human pancreatic amylase primary structure consistent with the electrophoretic mobility of the common isozyme, Amy2 A.

PubMed ID: 6336237

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3260028

Title: Human pancreatic amylase is encoded by two different genes.

PubMed ID: 3260028

DOI: 10.1093/nar/16.10.4724

PubMed ID: 2452973

Title: Concerted evolution of human amylase genes.

PubMed ID: 2452973

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.3.1197-1205.1988

PubMed ID: 27066537

Title: Potent human alpha-amylase inhibition by the beta-defensin-like protein helianthamide.

PubMed ID: 27066537

DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00399

PubMed ID: 8193143

Title: The active center of a mammalian alpha-amylase. Structure of the complex of a pancreatic alpha-amylase with a carbohydrate inhibitor refined to 2.2-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 8193143

DOI: 10.1021/bi00186a031

PubMed ID: 8528071

Title: The structure of human pancreatic alpha-amylase at 1.8-A resolution and comparisons with related enzymes.

PubMed ID: 8528071

DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560040908

PubMed ID: 10091666

Title: Cloning, mutagenesis, and structural analysis of human pancreatic alpha-amylase expressed in Pichia pastoris.

PubMed ID: 10091666

DOI: 10.1110/ps.8.3.635

PubMed ID: 10769135

Title: Subsite mapping of the human pancreatic alpha-amylase active site through structural, kinetic, and mutagenesis techniques.

PubMed ID: 10769135

DOI: 10.1021/bi9921182

PubMed ID: 11772019

Title: Probing the role of the chloride ion in the mechanism of human pancreatic alpha-amylase.

PubMed ID: 11772019

DOI: 10.1021/bi0115636

PubMed ID: 11914097

Title: Mechanistic analyses of catalysis in human pancreatic alpha-amylase: detailed kinetic and structural studies of mutants of three conserved carboxylic acids.

PubMed ID: 11914097

DOI: 10.1021/bi011821z

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 511
  • Mass: 57707
  • Checksum: A77B1A34EACB3C2A
  • Sequence:
  • MKFFLLLFTI GFCWAQYSPN TQQGRTSIVH LFEWRWVDIA LECERYLAPK GFGGVQVSPP 
    NENVAIYNPF RPWWERYQPV SYKLCTRSGN EDEFRNMVTR CNNVGVRIYV DAVINHMCGN 
    AVSAGTSSTC GSYFNPGSRD FPAVPYSGWD FNDGKCKTGS GDIENYNDAT QVRDCRLTGL 
    LDLALEKDYV RSKIAEYMNH LIDIGVAGFR LDASKHMWPG DIKAILDKLH NLNSNWFPAG 
    SKPFIYQEVI DLGGEPIKSS DYFGNGRVTE FKYGAKLGTV IRKWNGEKMS YLKNWGEGWG 
    FVPSDRALVF VDNHDNQRGH GAGGASILTF WDARLYKMAV GFMLAHPYGF TRVMSSYRWP 
    RQFQNGNDVN DWVGPPNNNG VIKEVTINPD TTCGNDWVCE HRWRQIRNMV IFRNVVDGQP 
    FTNWYDNGSN QVAFGRGNRG FIVFNNDDWS FSLTLQTGLP AGTYCDVISG DKINGNCTGI 
    KIYVSDDGKA HFSISNSAED PFIAIHAESK L

Genular Protein ID: 1595439742

Symbol: Q53F26_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8125298

Title: Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.

PubMed ID: 8125298

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8

PubMed ID: 9373149

Title: Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.

PubMed ID: 9373149

DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 511
  • Mass: 57721
  • Checksum: 90336EBD8F5D654B
  • Sequence:
  • MKFFLLLFTI GFCWAQYSPN TQQGRTSIVH LFEWRWVDIA LECERYLAPK GFGGVQVSPP 
    NENVAIYNPF RPWWERYQPV SYKLCTRSGN EDEFRNMVTR CNNVGVRIYV DAVINHMCGN 
    AVSAGTSSTC GSYFNPGSRD FPAVPYSGWD FNDGKCKTGS GDIENYNDAT QVRDCRLTGL 
    LDLALEKDYV RSKIAEYMNH LIDIGVAGFR LDASKHMWPG DIKAILDKLH NLNSNWFPAG 
    SKPFIYQEVI DLGGEPIKSS DYFGNGRVTE FKYGAKLGTI IRKWNGEKMS YLKNWGEGWG 
    FVPSDRALVF VDNHDNQRGH GAGGASILTF WDARLYKMAV GFMLAHPYGF TRVMSSYRWP 
    RQFQNGNDVN DWVGPPNNNG VIKEVTINPD TTCGNDWVCE HRWRQIRNMV IFRNVVDGQP 
    FTNWYDNGSN QVAFGRGNRG FIVFNNDDWS FSLTLQTGLP AGTYCDVISG DKINGNCTGI 
    KIYVSDDGKA HFSISNSAED PFIAIHAESK L

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.