Details for: GPR42

Gene ID: 2866

Symbol: GPR42

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126251

Description: G protein-coupled receptor 42

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 3.7656
    Cell Significance Index: 108.5000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 3.6790
    Cell Significance Index: 225.5600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.4007
    Cell Significance Index: 30.3500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.3682
    Cell Significance Index: 62.0200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.9516
    Cell Significance Index: 181.1000
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 0.8930
    Cell Significance Index: 9.9800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6902
    Cell Significance Index: 68.2800
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.6848
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3200
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.6243
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.6212
    Cell Significance Index: 19.9000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5934
    Cell Significance Index: 535.8100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3530
    Cell Significance Index: 57.4100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3338
    Cell Significance Index: 36.3100
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.2783
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0400
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.2521
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6000
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1939
    Cell Significance Index: 13.4100
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1599
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1247
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6600
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.0616
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7300
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.0392
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4900
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0200
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: 0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: type G enteroendocrine cell (CL0000508)
    Fold Change: 0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002324)
    Fold Change: 0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.0077
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: embryonic fibroblast (CL2000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0187
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3900
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: -0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0197
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0283
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0283
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0289
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.0357
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0359
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0385
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0409
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0419
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: -0.0426
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: -0.0474
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0485
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0497
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0499
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0509
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0509
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: -0.0512
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0530
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: -0.0542
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0574
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0581
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0586
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0586
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0589
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3600
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.0595
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: -0.0595
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: -0.0596
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.0614
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0653
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0658
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0659
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0665
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: -0.0667
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.0679
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0693
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0718
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: -0.0732
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: -0.0739
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0741
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0747
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: -0.0775
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0779
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: -0.0783
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: decidual natural killer cell, human (CL0002343)
    Fold Change: -0.0793
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: -0.0794
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: -0.0806
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0813
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.0816
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GPR42 is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor that has been identified in various cell types, including immune cells such as glutamatergic neurons, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Its expression is also observed in non-immune cells, including erythrocytes, enterocytes, and endothelial cells. Notably, GPR42 is activated by long-chain fatty acids, particularly oleate and palmitate, which are essential fatty acids. **Pathways and Functions:** GPR42 signaling is mediated through the activation of G proteins, leading to the activation of downstream effectors such as adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. This activation results in the production of cAMP and inositol trisphosphate (IP3), respectively, which in turn modulate various cellular processes. The primary function of GPR42 is to regulate inflammation, immune response, and cell growth. In immune cells, GPR42 has been shown to modulate the production of cytokines and chemokines, influencing the development and function of immune cells. In addition to its immunoregulatory functions, GPR42 has been implicated in various other processes, including: 1. **Energy metabolism:** GPR42 has been shown to regulate fatty acid uptake and oxidation in enterocytes, suggesting a role in energy metabolism. 2. **Neuroprotection:** GPR42 has been found to protect against neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, by regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 3. **Cardiovascular health:** GPR42 has been implicated in the regulation of endothelial function and the development of atherosclerosis. **Clinical Significance:** GPR42 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases, including: 1. **Inflammatory disorders:** GPR42 antagonists have been shown to reduce inflammation in models of inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis. 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases:** GPR42 agonists have been found to reduce neuroinflammation and improve cognitive function in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 3. **Cardiovascular disease:** GPR42 antagonists have been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce the development of atherosclerosis. In conclusion, GPR42 is a multifaceted receptor that plays a critical role in regulating inflammation, immune response, and cell growth. Its clinical significance extends beyond its immunoregulatory functions, with implications for energy metabolism, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of GPR42 and to explore its therapeutic potential in various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 1847029205

Symbol: GPR42_HUMAN

Name: G-protein coupled receptor 42

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O15529

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 3 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9344866

Title: A cluster of four novel human G protein-coupled receptor genes occurring in close proximity to CD22 gene on chromosome 19q13.1.

PubMed ID: 9344866

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7513

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 12496283

Title: The orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids.

PubMed ID: 12496283

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m211609200

PubMed ID: 19630535

Title: Sequence polymorphisms provide a common consensus sequence for GPR41 and GPR42.

PubMed ID: 19630535

DOI: 10.1089/dna.2009.0916

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 346
  • Mass: 38665
  • Checksum: 802BC2F010A3CB58
  • Sequence:
    • MDTGPDQSYF SGNHWFVFSV YLLTFLVGLP LNLLALVVFV GKLRCRPVAV DVLLLNLTAS 
DLLLLLFLPF RMVEAANGMH WPLPFILCPL SGFIFFTTIY LTALFLAAVS IERFLSVAHP 
LWYKTRPRLG QAGLVSVACW LLASAHCSVV YVIEFSGDIS HSQGTNGTCY LEFRKDQLAI 
LLPVRLEMAV VLFVVPLIIT SYCYSRLVWI LGRGGSHRRQ RRVAGLVAAT LLNFLVCFGP 
YNVSHVVGYI CGESPVWRIY VTLLSTLNSC VDPFVYYFSS SGFQADFHEL LRRLCGLWGQ 
WQQESSMELK EQKGGEEQRA DRPAERKTSE HSQGCGTGGQ VACAEN

Genular Protein ID: 2032535740

Symbol: A0A0K0PUY3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A0A0K0PUY3

Database IDs:

ARBA 6 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 2 Gene3D 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 2 PROSITE 3 Pfam 1 PhylomeDB 1 RefSeq 1 RuleBase 1 SAM 2 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1 VEuPathDB 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 346
  • Mass: 38695
  • Checksum: 03F6742DA4B798D0
  • Sequence:
    • MDTGPDQSYF SGNHWFVFSV YLLTFLVGLP LNLLALVVFV GKLRCRPVAV DVLLLNLTAS 
DLLLLLFLPF RMVEAANGMH WPLPFILCPL SGFIFFTTIY LTALFLAAVS IERFLSVAHP 
LWYKTRPRLG QAGLVSVACW LLASAHCSVV YVIEFSGDIS HSQGTNGTCY LEFWKDQLAI 
LLPVRLEMAV VLFVVPLIIT SYCYSRLVWI LGRGGSHRRQ RRVAGLVAAT LLNFLVCFGP 
YNVSHVVGYI CGESPVWRIY VTLLSTLNSC VDPFVYYFSS SGFQADFHEL LRRLCGLWGQ 
WQQESSMELK EQKGGEEQRA DRPAERKTSE HSQGCGTGGQ VACAEN

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.