Details for: GYS1

Gene ID: 2997

Symbol: GYS1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104812

Description: glycogen synthase 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 123.3082
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 73.8044
    Cell Significance Index: -18.7200
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 41.5254
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8700
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 17.6906
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 15.7670
    Cell Significance Index: -19.4400
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 7.2083
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 4.9518
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5400
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 4.7336
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3600
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 1.5722
    Cell Significance Index: 38.3600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 1.5433
    Cell Significance Index: 39.6700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.2401
    Cell Significance Index: 95.1600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.0075
    Cell Significance Index: 99.6600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.9957
    Cell Significance Index: 26.6800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.8997
    Cell Significance Index: 180.4800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.8741
    Cell Significance Index: 789.2400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.7858
    Cell Significance Index: 21.9600
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: 0.6780
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9400
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6392
    Cell Significance Index: 126.8500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.6310
    Cell Significance Index: 68.6300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.5524
    Cell Significance Index: 89.8400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.5225
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.4985
    Cell Significance Index: 178.8200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.4766
    Cell Significance Index: 329.6000
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous adipocyte (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 0.4755
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.4509
    Cell Significance Index: 12.9900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.4206
    Cell Significance Index: 21.8500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.4046
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.3995
    Cell Significance Index: 18.1100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.3643
    Cell Significance Index: 22.9600
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.3361
    Cell Significance Index: 7.1900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.3170
    Cell Significance Index: 57.1500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3116
    Cell Significance Index: 21.5500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.2452
    Cell Significance Index: 30.1600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.2384
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 0.2239
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.1314
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1065
    Cell Significance Index: 58.1800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.1006
    Cell Significance Index: 6.7700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0716
    Cell Significance Index: 134.8200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: 32.0400
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0581
    Cell Significance Index: 89.5100
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.0536
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0456
    Cell Significance Index: 20.1700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0450
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0395
    Cell Significance Index: 72.9200
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0282
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0181
    Cell Significance Index: 24.6100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4700
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2100
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0238
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0266
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7000
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0337
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0358
    Cell Significance Index: -22.3600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0367
    Cell Significance Index: -20.7200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0454
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0460
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0590
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0645
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0693
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0700
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0817
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0908
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0931
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0949
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1030
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1054
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1118
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1133
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.1181
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1324
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1484
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.1668
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1897
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2198
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4100
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.2220
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2226
    Cell Significance Index: -13.6500
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2320
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1800
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.2379
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.2542
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: -0.2739
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8300
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.2780
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5600
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.2896
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9500
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.2932
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6100
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.2946
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2978
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.3058
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.3205
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5900
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.3699
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7800
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.3865
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3500
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.3980
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: -0.4089
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Expression Pattern:** GYS1 is widely expressed in various tissues, including subcutaneous fat cells, skeletal muscle fibers, cardiac muscle myoblasts, and neurons, highlighting its importance in multiple cell types. 2. **Enzymatic Activity:** GYS1 is a glycogen synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glucose-1-phosphate to the growing glycogen chain, driving glycogen synthesis. 3. **Post-Translational Modifications:** GYS1 is subject to various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, which regulates its activity and stability. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Glycogen Metabolism:** GYS1 is a crucial enzyme in the glycogen biosynthetic pathway, responsible for the synthesis of glycogen from glucose-1-phosphate. 2. **Protein Binding:** GYS1 has been shown to interact with various proteins, including glycogen-binding proteins and signaling molecules, which modulate its activity and regulate downstream processes. 3. **Metabolism of Carbohydrates:** GYS1 is involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, influencing glucose homeostasis and energy balance. 4. **Disease Pathogenesis:** GYS1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including glycogen storage diseases (GSDs), which result from mutations in the GYS1 gene. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSDs):** Mutations in the GYS1 gene can lead to GSDs, a group of inherited disorders characterized by abnormal glycogen metabolism. These diseases can result in a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and can affect various organs, including the liver, muscles, and brain. 2. **Metabolic Disorders:** GYS1 dysfunction has been linked to metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, highlighting the importance of glycogen metabolism in energy homeostasis. 3. **Neurological Disorders:** GYS1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including myoclonic epilepsy of Lafora, a rare genetic disorder characterized by seizures and intellectual disability. 4. **Cancer:** GYS1 has been identified as a potential oncogene, with its expression and activity linked to cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, the GYS1 gene plays a critical role in glycogen metabolism and has far-reaching implications for various cellular processes, including protein binding, metabolism of carbohydrates, and disease pathogenesis. Further research into the mechanisms and functions of GYS1 is essential for understanding its role in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 1444685186

Symbol: GYS1_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2493642

Title: Human muscle glycogen synthase cDNA sequence: a negatively charged protein with an asymmetric charge distribution.

PubMed ID: 2493642

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.5.1443

PubMed ID: 7657035

Title: Isolation and characterization of the human muscle glycogen synthase gene.

PubMed ID: 7657035

DOI: 10.2337/diab.44.9.1099

PubMed ID: 9010351

Title: Cloning and characterization of a glycogen synthase cDNA from human endometrium.

PubMed ID: 9010351

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(96)00138-0

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17055998

Title: Interaction between glycogenin and glycogen synthase.

PubMed ID: 17055998

DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.09.024

PubMed ID: 17928598

Title: Cardiomyopathy and exercise intolerance in muscle glycogen storage disease 0.

PubMed ID: 17928598

DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa066691

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21668450

Title: R3F, a novel membrane-associated glycogen targeting subunit of protein phosphatase 1 regulates glycogen synthase in astrocytoma cells in response to glucose and extracellular signals.

PubMed ID: 21668450

DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07345.x

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 35690592

Title: Mechanism of glycogen synthase inactivation and interaction with glycogenin.

PubMed ID: 35690592

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31109-6

PubMed ID: 35835870

Title: Molecular basis for the regulation of human glycogen synthase by phosphorylation and glucose-6-phosphate.

PubMed ID: 35835870

DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00799-3

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 737
  • Mass: 83786
  • Checksum: 0E321BBFDEB0BD7F
  • Sequence:
  • MPLNRTLSMS SLPGLEDWED EFDLENAVLF EVAWEVANKV GGIYTVLQTK AKVTGDEWGD 
    NYFLVGPYTE QGVRTQVELL EAPTPALKRT LDSMNSKGCK VYFGRWLIEG GPLVVLLDVG 
    ASAWALERWK GELWDTCNIG VPWYDREAND AVLFGFLTTW FLGEFLAQSE EKPHVVAHFH 
    EWLAGVGLCL CRARRLPVAT IFTTHATLLG RYLCAGAVDF YNNLENFNVD KEAGERQIYH 
    RYCMERAAAH CAHVFTTVSQ ITAIEAQHLL KRKPDIVTPN GLNVKKFSAM HEFQNLHAQS 
    KARIQEFVRG HFYGHLDFNL DKTLYFFIAG RYEFSNKGAD VFLEALARLN YLLRVNGSEQ 
    TVVAFFIMPA RTNNFNVETL KGQAVRKQLW DTANTVKEKF GRKLYESLLV GSLPDMNKML 
    DKEDFTMMKR AIFATQRQSF PPVCTHNMLD DSSDPILTTI RRIGLFNSSA DRVKVIFHPE 
    FLSSTSPLLP VDYEEFVRGC HLGVFPSYYE PWGYTPAECT VMGIPSISTN LSGFGCFMEE 
    HIADPSAYGI YILDRRFRSL DDSCSQLTSF LYSFCQQSRR QRIIQRNRTE RLSDLLDWKY 
    LGRYYMSARH MALSKAFPEH FTYEPNEADA AQGYRYPRPA SVPPSPSLSR HSSPHQSEDE 
    EDPRNGPLEE DGERYDEDEE AAKDRRNIRA PEWPRRASCT SSTSGSKRNS VDTATSSSLS 
    TPSEPLSPTS SLGEERN

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.