Details for: HK3

Gene ID: 3101

Symbol: HK3

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000160883

Description: hexokinase 3

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 14.2028
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7700
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 12.6364
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5000
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 2.0546
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4200
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 2.0441
    Cell Significance Index: 37.7800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0248
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0273
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0295
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0339
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0365
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0373
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0435
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0515
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0700
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0533
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0545
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0598
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0629
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0675
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0729
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1700
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: -0.0817
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0848
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4800
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: -0.0858
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0859
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0916
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1600
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: -0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0930
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1400
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0950
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0971
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2700
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0998
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1066
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7200
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.1112
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1154
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1198
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1204
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1219
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1236
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1244
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8000
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.1254
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.1266
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.1305
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1370
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1439
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1513
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8600
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: -0.1519
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3900
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.1545
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.1549
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0200
  • Cell Name: mononuclear phagocyte (CL0000113)
    Fold Change: -0.1633
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1790
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.1909
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2017
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: -0.2041
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9000
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: -0.2116
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.2138
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8100
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.2163
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: -0.2191
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.2206
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4800
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.2277
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2293
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2297
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5900
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.2402
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.2446
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9800
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.2453
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2476
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: -0.2478
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.2519
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8500
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: -0.2546
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7200
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.2695
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2600
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2740
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary capillary endothelial cell (CL4028001)
    Fold Change: -0.2790
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.2842
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0900
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: -0.2885
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.2907
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.2949
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7600
  • Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
    Fold Change: -0.2981
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3000
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: -0.3007
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5400
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.3025
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9000
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.3046
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3700
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.3081
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.3082
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8800
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.3083
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4000
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.3125
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.3133
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6500
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: -0.3148
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: -0.3154
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0800
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.3166
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** HK3 shares high sequence identity with other hexokinases, such as hexokinase 1 (HK1) and hexokinase 2 (HK2), which are widely expressed in various tissues. However, HK3 exhibits distinct expression patterns, with significant levels found in immune cells, such as classical monocytes and neutrophils, as well as in retinal cells, including horizontal cells and retinal ganglion cells. This suggests that HK3 plays a unique role in the regulation of immune responses and glucose metabolism in these cells. **Pathways and Functions:** HK3 is involved in several key metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. These pathways are essential for energy production, cell growth, and proliferation. HK3 also regulates immune responses by modulating the activity of various immune cells, including neutrophils and monocytes. Specifically, HK3 has been shown to regulate the degranulation of neutrophils, which is critical for the elimination of pathogens. Furthermore, HK3 has been implicated in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in the brain, where it is expressed in Mueller cells, a type of glial cell that plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose levels in the central nervous system. Abnormal expression of HK3 has been linked to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of HK3 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. For example, overexpression of HK3 has been observed in certain types of cancer, including glioblastoma and breast cancer, where it contributes to tumor growth and proliferation. In diabetes, HK3 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in pancreatic beta cells, which are essential for insulin production. In the context of immune disorders, HK3 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Abnormal expression of HK3 has also been linked to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, hexokinase 3 is a critical enzyme in glucose metabolism and immune response, with significant implications for various diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of HK3 in these processes and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases. **Future Directions:** Future research should focus on the following areas: 1. Elucidating the mechanisms by which HK3 regulates immune responses and glucose metabolism in different cell types. 2. Investigating the role of HK3 in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. 3. Developing novel therapeutic strategies that target HK3 for the treatment of these diseases. 4. Exploring the potential of HK3 as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis. By advancing our understanding of HK3 and its role in glucose metabolism and immune response, we can identify new targets for the treatment of various diseases and improve human health outcomes.

Genular Protein ID: 1762729626

Symbol: HXK3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P52790 Q8N1E7

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 43 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 3 EMBL 4 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 17 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PRIDE 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 Rhea 6 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 2 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8812439

Title: Sequence of human hexokinase III cDNA and assignment of the human hexokinase III gene (HK3) to chromosome band 5q35.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

PubMed ID: 8812439

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0448

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8717435

Title: Purification and characterization of the carboxyl-domain of human hexokinase type III expressed as fusion protein.

PubMed ID: 8717435

DOI: 10.1007/bf00714329

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 923
  • Mass: 99025
  • Checksum: DA75F2A9DBB895FF
  • Sequence:
    • MDSIGSSGLR QGEETLSCSE EGLPGPSDSS ELVQECLQQF KVTRAQLQQI QASLLGSMEQ 
ALRGQASPAP AVRMLPTYVG STPHGTEQGD FVVLELGATG ASLRVLWVTL TGIEGHRVEP 
RSQEFVIPQE VMLGAGQQLF DFAAHCLSEF LDAQPVNKQG LQLGFSFSFP CHQTGLDRST 
LISWTKGFRC SGVEGQDVVQ LLRDAIRRQG AYNIDVVAVV NDTVGTMMGC EPGVRPCEVG 
LVVDTGTNAC YMEEARHVAV LDEDRGRVCV SVEWGSFSDD GALGPVLTTF DHTLDHESLN 
PGAQRFEKMI GGLYLGELVR LVLAHLARCG VLFGGCTSPA LLSQGSILLE HVAEMEDPST 
GAARVHAILQ DLGLSPGASD VELVQHVCAA VCTRAAQLCA AALAAVLSCL QHSREQQTLQ 
VAVATGGRVC ERHPRFCSVL QGTVMLLAPE CDVSLIPSVD GGGRGVAMVT AVAARLAAHR 
RLLEETLAPF RLNHDQLAAV QAQMRKAMAK GLRGEASSLR MLPTFVRATP DGSERGDFLA 
LDLGGTNFRV LLVRVTTGVQ ITSEIYSIPE TVAQGSGQQL FDHIVDCIVD FQQKQGLSGQ 
SLPLGFTFSF PCRQLGLDQG ILLNWTKGFK ASDCEGQDVV SLLREAITRR QAVELNVVAI 
VNDTVGTMMS CGYEDPRCEI GLIVGTGTNA CYMEELRNVA GVPGDSGRMC INMEWGAFGD 
DGSLAMLSTR FDASVDQASI NPGKQRFEKM ISGMYLGEIV RHILLHLTSL GVLFRGQQIQ 
RLQTRDIFKT KFLSEIESDS LALRQVRAIL EDLGLPLTSD DALMVLEVCQ AVSQRAAQLC 
GAGVAAVVEK IRENRGLEEL AVSVGVDGTL YKLHPRFSSL VAATVRELAP RCVVTFLQSE 
DGSGKGAALV TAVACRLAQL TRV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.