Details for: BCO1

Gene ID: 53630

Symbol: BCO1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000135697

Description: beta-carotene oxygenase 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 1.7287
    Cell Significance Index: 251.2900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.9617
    Cell Significance Index: 16.4400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.8600
    Cell Significance Index: 85.0800
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.6450
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8500
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.6020
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.5967
    Cell Significance Index: 35.8200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.5665
    Cell Significance Index: 61.6200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4732
    Cell Significance Index: 76.9600
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.4068
    Cell Significance Index: 6.1300
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3429
    Cell Significance Index: 23.7100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.2704
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7900
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 0.2354
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.2340
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.2294
    Cell Significance Index: 8.0600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.2284
    Cell Significance Index: 45.8100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2223
    Cell Significance Index: 42.3000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.2197
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.2168
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1919
    Cell Significance Index: 173.3100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1784
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1710
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7500
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.1120
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1040
    Cell Significance Index: 37.3100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 0.1037
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: 0.0932
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9400
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 0.0901
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2500
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0868
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.0716
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8200
  • Cell Name: pyramidal neuron (CL0000598)
    Fold Change: 0.0580
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0545
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0395
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: 22.2400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0339
    Cell Significance Index: 63.8400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0325
    Cell Significance Index: 59.8500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7400
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: 15.0000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0066
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1900
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: 0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: -0.0046
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0072
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0089
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0114
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0216
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0242
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0251
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0260
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0324
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0348
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0360
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0411
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0412
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0420
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0431
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0493
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0501
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2200
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0542
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0549
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0592
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0615
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0669
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0695
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3400
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0812
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7600
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0814
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0819
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0832
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0886
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9700
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0895
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8300
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: -0.0925
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0979
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.1068
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1077
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1300
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1101
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2100
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1109
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0700
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.1131
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.1132
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1142
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9500
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.1179
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.1190
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.1196
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.1260
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.1263
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1294
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1393
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7200
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.1399
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** BCO1 is a member of the beta-carotene dioxygenase family, which is responsible for the conversion of beta-carotene to retinal, a critical step in the visual cycle. The enzyme is primarily expressed in cells of the retina, cornea, and gut epithelium, where it plays a crucial role in vitamin A biosynthesis and immune regulation. BCO1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of immune responses, including the production of cytokines and the activation of immune cells. **Pathways and Functions:** BCO1 is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity**: This pathway is responsible for the conversion of beta-carotene to retinal, a critical step in the visual cycle. 2. **Beta-carotene metabolic process**: BCO1 is involved in the metabolism of beta-carotene, which is essential for the production of vitamin A. 3. **Carotene catabolic process**: This pathway is responsible for the breakdown of carotenoids, including beta-carotene, which is essential for the regulation of immune responses. 4. **Visual phototransduction**: BCO1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of visual phototransduction pathways, which are essential for the transmission of visual signals. **Clinical Significance:** BCO1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including: 1. **Retinal diseases**: BCO1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of retinal function and the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration. 2. **Immune regulation**: BCO1 has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses, including the production of cytokines and the activation of immune cells. 3. **Cancer**: BCO1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. 4. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: BCO1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, BCO1 is a crucial enzyme involved in the metabolism of beta-carotene and the regulation of immune responses. Its dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including retinal diseases, immune regulation disorders, and cancer. Further research is necessary to fully understand the role of BCO1 in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 112970947

Symbol: BCDO1_HUMAN

Name: Beta-carotene dioxygenase 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9HAY6 A0AV48 A0AV50 Q9NVH5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 8 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EC 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 10 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 2 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissLipids 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11401432

Title: Cloning and characterization of a human beta,beta-carotene-15,15-prime dioxygenase that is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium.

PubMed ID: 11401432

DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6476

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 24668807

Title: The human enzyme that converts dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A is a dioxygenase.

PubMed ID: 24668807

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.557710

PubMed ID: 17951468

Title: Loss-of-function mutation in carotenoid 15,15'-monooxygenase identified in a patient with hypercarotenemia and hypovitaminosis A.

PubMed ID: 17951468

DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.11.2346

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 547
  • Mass: 62637
  • Checksum: F94BC8B01D56F9CB
  • Sequence:
    • MDIIFGRNRK EQLEPVRAKV TGKIPAWLQG TLLRNGPGMH TVGESRYNHW FDGLALLHSF 
TIRDGEVYYR SKYLRSDTYN TNIEANRIVV SEFGTMAYPD PCKNIFSKAF SYLSHTIPDF 
TDNCLINIMK CGEDFYATSE TNYIRKINPQ TLETLEKVDY RKYVAVNLAT SHPHYDEAGN 
VLNMGTSIVE KGKTKYVIFK IPATVPEGKK QGKSPWKHTE VFCSIPSRSL LSPSYYHSFG 
VTENYVIFLE QPFRLDILKM ATAYIRRMSW ASCLAFHREE KTYIHIIDQR TRQPVQTKFY 
TDAMVVFHHV NAYEEDGCIV FDVIAYEDNS LYQLFYLANL NQDFKENSRL TSVPTLRRFA 
VPLHVDKNAE VGTNLIKVAS TTATALKEED GQVYCQPEFL YEGLELPRVN YAHNGKQYRY 
VFATGVQWSP IPTKIIKYDI LTKSSLKWRE DDCWPAEPLF VPAPGAKDED DGVILSAIVS 
TDPQKLPFLL ILDAKSFTEL ARASVDVDMH MDLHGLFITD MDWDTKKQAA SEEQRDRASD 
CHGAPLT

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.