Details for: PTPRH

Gene ID: 5794

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PTPRH

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000080031

Description: protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type H

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 3.88
    rCSI 4.07%
    PRS 96.6
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 3.18%
    PRS 96.38
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 2.73
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 96.4
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.45
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 96.35
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 2.44
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 98.04
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 2.84%
    PRS 97.79
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 2.97%
    PRS 96.8
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 2.36
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 95.42
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 2.28
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 97.76
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 3.19%
    PRS 96.55
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 94.35
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 1.99
    rCSI 5.38%
    PRS 98
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 4.22%
    PRS 97.7
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 3.69%
    PRS 97.78
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 1.12
    rCSI 3.15%
    PRS 98.11
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 0.88
    rCSI 4.65%
    PRS 97.74

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type H ([PTPRH](/details-gene/5794)) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19q13.42. It encodes a member of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, which are key signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes. As a receptor-type phosphatase, [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) is a transmembrane protein involved in signal transduction ([GO:0007165](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007165)), protein dephosphorylation ([GO:0006470](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006470)), and apoptosis ([GO:0006915](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006915)). Expression data reveals that [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) is a prominent marker of the gastrointestinal epithelium, with exceptionally high significance in [colon epithelial cells](/details-cell/CL0011108) and [goblet cells](/details-cell/CL0000160), suggesting a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and cell differentiation. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) strongly indicates a specialized function within the epithelial lining of the digestive system. It is a highly significant marker in a broad range of intestinal epithelial cells, including [colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108) (CSI: 3.88), [goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0000160) (CSI: 3.37), and [enterocyte](/details-cell/CL0000584) (CSI: 2.36). Its high significance extends to secretory lineages such as [pancreatic acinar cells](/details-cell/CL0002064) (CSI: 2.44) and specialized absorptive cells like [BEST4+ enteroyctes](/details-cell/CL4030026) (CSI: 2.39). Furthermore, its notable expression in progenitor and stem cell populations, such as [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034) (CSI: 2.45), [transit amplifying cell of colon](/details-cell/CL0009011) (CSI: 2.42), and [intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine](/details-cell/CL0009017) (CSI: 1.99), suggests an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation required for the continuous renewal of the gut lining. This is consistent with studies demonstrating its ability to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m007208200), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m206541200). The collective data establishes [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) as a key molecular player in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular functions of [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) are centered on its role as a transmembrane receptor with protein tyrosine phosphatase activity ([GO:0005001](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005001)). Its primary function is protein dephosphorylation ([GO:0006470](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006470)), which acts as a regulatory switch in various signaling pathways. Consistent with its high expression in epithelial cells, [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) is localized to the plasma membrane ([GO:0005886](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005886)), specifically the [apical plasma membrane](/details-cell/GO:0016324) and [microvillus membrane](/details-cell/GO:0031528). Functionally, [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) has been shown to participate in the apoptotic process ([GO:0006915](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006915)), a critical mechanism for tissue homeostasis in the rapidly turning-over intestinal epithelium [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m206541200). Its annotated ability to bind cadherins ([GO:0045296](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045296)) is particularly relevant, suggesting a role in modulating cell-cell adhesion and maintaining epithelial barrier function. Although highly expressed in epithelial cells, research has also implicated [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) in T-cell regulation through its interaction with the tyrosine kinase Lck, suggesting potential cross-talk between the epithelium and intraepithelial lymphocytes [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m300648200). ## Research Directions The functional data and expression profile of [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794), particularly its role in growth inhibition and its downregulation in cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206588), strongly suggest a tumor suppressor function in epithelial tissues. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Loss-of-function mutations or epigenetic silencing of [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) in intestinal stem and progenitor cells is a key event in the initiation of colorectal cancer, leading to dysregulated proliferation by preventing the dephosphorylation of key oncogenic signaling proteins. 2. Given its cadherin-binding capacity and apical localization, [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) is a critical regulator of epithelial barrier integrity. Its dysregulation may contribute to the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by compromising tight junction stability and increasing intestinal permeability. 3. [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) expressed on the apical surface of [enterocytes](/details-cell/CL0000584) acts as a sensor for luminal signals or microbial products, initiating intracellular signaling cascades that modulate cell survival and immune tolerance. **Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) acts as a tumor suppressor in the colon (Hypothesis 1), a robust experimental approach would be to utilize human colon organoids. CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to generate a knockout of [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) in organoids derived from healthy patient tissue. The resulting organoids would be compared to isogenic, wild-type controls, assessing for phenotypes associated with transformation, such as increased growth rate, enhanced crypt fission, loss of cellular organization, and altered expression of proliferation (Ki67) and stem cell (LGR5) markers via immunofluorescence and quantitative RNA analysis. **Therapeutic Potential:** The evidence pointing to [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) as a tumor suppressor suggests that therapeutic strategies should focus on its **activation** or the restoration of its function in cancer cells. As a cell surface receptor, it is an accessible target. Development of agonist antibodies or small molecules that bind to its extracellular domain and stabilize an active conformation of the intracellular phosphatase domain could represent a viable therapeutic avenue. Gene therapy approaches to re-introduce [PTPRH](/details-gene/5794) expression in tumors could also be considered, though such strategies face significant delivery challenges.

Genular Protein ID: 465090527

Symbol: PTPRH_HUMAN

Name: Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase H

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9HD43 C9JCH2 Q15426 Q2NKN9 Q2NKP0

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 4 ChiTaRS 1 DEPOD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 2 EMBL 24 Ensembl 2 GO 10 Gene3D 3 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 9 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 4 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 Rhea 3 SIGNOR 1 SMART 3 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8294459

Title: Molecular cloning of a human transmembrane-type protein tyrosine phosphatase and its expression in gastrointestinal cancers.

PubMed ID: 8294459

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42137-5

PubMed ID: 11435690

Title: Gene for the human transmembrane-type protein tyrosine phosphatase H (PTPRH): genomic structure, fine-mapping and its exclusion as a candidate for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

PubMed ID: 11435690

DOI: 10.1159/000056905

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11278335

Title: Inhibition of cell growth and spreading by stomach cancer-associated protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SAP-1) through dephosphorylation of p130cas.

PubMed ID: 11278335

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007208200

PubMed ID: 12101188

Title: Induction of apoptosis by stomach cancer-associated protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1.

PubMed ID: 12101188

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206541200

PubMed ID: 12837766

Title: Interaction of SAP-1, a transmembrane-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase, with the tyrosine kinase Lck. Roles in regulation of T cell function.

PubMed ID: 12837766

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300648200

PubMed ID: 12879010

Title: Downregulation of stomach cancer-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SAP-1) in advanced human hepatocellular carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 12879010

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206588

PubMed ID: 15850787

Title: Sap-1/PTPRH activity is regulated by reversible dimerization.

PubMed ID: 15850787

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.196

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1115
  • Mass: 122353
  • Checksum: 4E6C1DF86DCFB26C
  • Sequence:
    • MAGAGGGLGV WGNLVLLGLC SWTGARAPAP NPGRNLTVET QTTSSISLSW EVPDGLDSQN 
SNYWVQCTGD GGTTETRNTT ATNVTVDGLG PGSLYTCSVW VEKDGVNSSV GTVTTATAPN 
PVRNLRVEAQ TNSSIALTWE VPDGPDPQNS TYGVEYTGDG GRAGTRSTAH TNITVDGLEP 
GCLYAFSMWV GKNGINSSRE TRNATTAHNP VRNLRVEAQT TSSISLSWEV PDGTDPQNST 
YCVQCTGDGG RTETRNTTDT RVTVDGLGPG SLYTCSVWVE KDGVNSSVEI VTSATAPNPV 
RNLTVEAQTN SSIALTWEVP DGPDPQNSTY GVEYTGDGGR AGTRSTAHTN ITVDRLEPGC 
LYVFSVWVGK NGINSSRETR NATTAPNPVR NLHMETQTNS SIALCWEVPD GPYPQDYTYW 
VEYTGDGGGT ETRNTTNTSV TAERLEPGTL YTFSVWAEKN GARGSRQNVS ISTVPNAVTS 
LSKQDWTNST IALRWTAPQG PGQSSYSYWV SWVREGMTDP RTQSTSGTDI TLKELEAGSL 
YHLTVWAERN EVRGYNSTLT AATAPNEVTD LQNETQTKNS VMLWWKAPGD PHSQLYVYWV 
QWASKGHPRR GQDPQANWVN QTSRTNETWY KVEALEPGTL YNFTVWAERN DVASSTQSLC 
ASTYPDTVTI TSCVSTSAGY GVNLIWSCPQ GGYEAFELEV GGQRGSQDRS SCGEAVSVLG 
LGPARSYPAT ITTIWDGMKV VSHSVVCHTE SAGVIAGAFV GILLFLILVG LLIFFLKRRN 
KKKQQKPELR DLVFSSPGDI PAEDFADHVR KNERDSNCGF ADEYQQLSLV GHSQSQMVAS 
ASENNAKNRY RNVLPYDWSR VPLKPIHEEP GSDYINASFM PGLWSPQEFI ATQGPLPQTV 
GDFWRLVWEQ QSHTLVMLTN CMEAGRVKCE HYWPLDSQPC THGHLRVTLV GEEVMENWTV 
RELLLLQVEE QKTLSVRQFH YQAWPDHGVP SSPDTLLAFW RMLRQWLDQT MEGGPPIVHC 
SAGVGRTGTL IALDVLLRQL QSEGLLGPFS FVRKMRESRP LMVQTEAQYV FLHQCILRFL 
QQSAQAPAEK EVPYEDVENL IYENVAAIQA HKLEV