Details for: RET

Gene ID: 5979

Symbol: RET

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000165731

Description: ret proto-oncogene

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 14.2720
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6200
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 3.1322
    Cell Significance Index: 36.4100
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 1.8065
    Cell Significance Index: 28.6600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 1.1324
    Cell Significance Index: 36.2700
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 1.0451
    Cell Significance Index: 22.3400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.9585
    Cell Significance Index: 182.4100
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.9467
    Cell Significance Index: 20.7300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.4562
    Cell Significance Index: 9.7200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3963
    Cell Significance Index: 357.8100
  • Cell Name: ganglion interneuron (CL0000397)
    Fold Change: 0.3787
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1000
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: 0.3458
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6000
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.3346
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.3168
    Cell Significance Index: 7.9200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2829
    Cell Significance Index: 30.7700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.2607
    Cell Significance Index: 15.6500
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.2544
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1000
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.2516
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2510
    Cell Significance Index: 40.8300
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.1973
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1456
    Cell Significance Index: 10.0700
  • Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
    Fold Change: 0.1409
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 0.1360
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.1048
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5000
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.0987
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0966
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0911
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0905
    Cell Significance Index: 18.1600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0824
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7100
  • Cell Name: chandelier cell (CL4023083)
    Fold Change: 0.0656
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0448
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0433
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0386
    Cell Significance Index: 13.8300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0300
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: 0.0309
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5600
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: 0.0241
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3000
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5200
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3100
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0063
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9900
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0155
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: glandular cell of esophagus (CL0002657)
    Fold Change: -0.0177
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0255
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0261
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0900
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0281
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0299
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0303
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0321
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: neural crest cell (CL0011012)
    Fold Change: -0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0345
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6100
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0371
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0449
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0460
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0523
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0536
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0557
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0578
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0591
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0593
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7700
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0633
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0659
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1000
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0699
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0703
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: -0.0709
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** The RET gene is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the cadherin family. It is composed of 18 exons and spans approximately 20 kilobases of genomic DNA. The RET protein is activated by its ligand, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which binds to the extracellular domain of the receptor, triggering a series of downstream signaling events that regulate various cellular processes. **Pathways and Functions** The RET gene is involved in several signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. These pathways include: 1. **MAPK/ERK pathway**: The RET receptor activates the MAPK/ERK pathway, which regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. 2. **PI3K/AKT pathway**: The RET receptor also activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which regulates cell survival, metabolism, and migration. 3. **Wnt/β-catenin pathway**: The RET receptor interacts with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. 4. **NMDA receptor pathway**: The RET receptor is involved in the regulation of NMDA receptor signaling, which is critical for learning and memory. The RET gene plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of multiple organ systems, including: 1. **Nervous system development**: The RET gene is involved in the development of the enteric nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and central nervous system. 2. **Kidney development**: The RET gene regulates the development of the kidney, including the formation of the ureteric bud and metanephric glomerulus. 3. **Enteric nervous system development**: The RET gene is involved in the development of the enteric nervous system, which regulates gut motility and secretion. 4. **Neurodegeneration**: The RET gene is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease. **Clinical Significance** Alterations in the RET gene have been associated with several diseases, including: 1. **Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2)**: Mutations in the RET gene are responsible for MEN2, a hereditary disorder characterized by the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism. 2. **Hirschsprung's disease**: Mutations in the RET gene are responsible for Hirschsprung's disease, a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the colon, leading to intestinal obstruction. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: The RET gene is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Cancer**: The RET gene is involved in the development of various types of cancer, including thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. In conclusion, the RET proto-oncogene is a critical gene involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. Alterations in the RET gene have been associated with several diseases, including MEN2, Hirschsprung's disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of the RET gene in human disease and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 2346331158

Symbol: RET_HUMAN

Name: Cadherin family member 12

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2660074

Title: Isolation of ret proto-oncogene cDNA with an amino-terminal signal sequence.

PubMed ID: 2660074

PubMed ID: 3078962

Title: Cloning and expression of the ret proto-oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase with two potential transmembrane domains.

PubMed ID: 3078962

PubMed ID: 3037315

Title: ret transforming gene encodes a fusion protein homologous to tyrosine kinases.

PubMed ID: 3037315

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.7.4.1378-1385.1987

PubMed ID: 2734021

Title: Activation of the ret-II oncogene without a sequence encoding a transmembrane domain and transforming activity of two ret-II oncogene products differing in carboxy-termini due to alternative splicing.

PubMed ID: 2734021

PubMed ID: 2406025

Title: PTC is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and is frequently detected in vivo in human thyroid papillary carcinomas.

PubMed ID: 2406025

DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90659-3

PubMed ID: 10980597

Title: RET/PCM-1: a novel fusion gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 10980597

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203772

PubMed ID: 9575150

Title: Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret on the plasma membrane is dependent on calcium.

PubMed ID: 9575150

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.20.12077

PubMed ID: 10439047

Title: The transcription coactivator HTIF1 and a related protein are fused to the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas.

PubMed ID: 10439047

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202824

PubMed ID: 11061555

Title: Tyrosines 1015 and 1062 are in vivo autophosphorylation sites in ret and ret-derived oncoproteins.

PubMed ID: 11061555

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.10.6882

PubMed ID: 11445581

Title: Molecular modeling of the extracellular domain of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase reveals multiple cadherin-like domains and a calcium-binding site.

PubMed ID: 11445581

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104968200

PubMed ID: 14711813

Title: Identification of RET autophosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 14711813

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312600200

PubMed ID: 12787916

Title: Novel tumorigenic rearrangement, Delta rfp/ret, in a papillary thyroid carcinoma from externally irradiated patient.

PubMed ID: 12787916

DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(03)00056-3

PubMed ID: 16778204

Title: The receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase J antagonizes the biochemical and biological effects of RET-derived oncoproteins.

PubMed ID: 16778204

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0228

PubMed ID: 30552125

Title:

PubMed ID: 30552125

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3456

PubMed ID: 17884497

Title: The discovery of substituted 4-(3-hydroxyanilino)-quinolines as potent RET kinase inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 17884497

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.104

PubMed ID: 17664273

Title: Sorafenib functions to potently suppress RET tyrosine kinase activity by direct enzymatic inhibition and promoting RET lysosomal degradation independent of proteasomal targeting.

PubMed ID: 17664273

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703461200

PubMed ID: 19053769

Title: Synthesis, modeling, and RET protein kinase inhibitory activity of 3- and 4-substituted beta-carbolin-1-ones.

PubMed ID: 19053769

DOI: 10.1021/jm8007823

PubMed ID: 18753381

Title: CD2AP and Cbl-3/Cbl-c constitute a critical checkpoint in the regulation of ret signal transduction.

PubMed ID: 18753381

DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2738-08.2008

PubMed ID: 19366855

Title: The tyrosine kinase receptor RET interacts in vivo with aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein to alter survivin availability.

PubMed ID: 19366855

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-1980

PubMed ID: 19853745

Title: Transcriptional regulation of RET by Nkx2-1, Phox2b, Sox10, and Pax3.

PubMed ID: 19853745

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.11.055

PubMed ID: 19369195

Title: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.

PubMed ID: 19369195

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800588-mcp200

PubMed ID: 20064382

Title: RETouching upon mechanoreceptors.

PubMed ID: 20064382

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.014

PubMed ID: 20605972

Title: The evolving field of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of endocrine tumors.

PubMed ID: 20605972

DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0031

PubMed ID: 20409618

Title: Inhibitors of the RET tyrosine kinase based on a 2-(alkylsulfanyl)-4-(3-thienyl)nicotinonitrile scaffold.

PubMed ID: 20409618

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.03.017

PubMed ID: 20616503

Title: Functional role of the RET dependence receptor, GFRa co-receptors and ligands in the pituitary.

PubMed ID: 20616503

DOI: 10.1159/000318502

PubMed ID: 20702524

Title: RET-mediated cell adhesion and migration require multiple integrin subunits.

PubMed ID: 20702524

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0771

PubMed ID: 19823924

Title: Direct visualization of vesicle maturation and plasma membrane protein trafficking.

PubMed ID: 19823924

DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0548-x

PubMed ID: 21134556

Title: A novel RET inhibitor with potent efficacy against medullary thyroid cancer in vivo.

PubMed ID: 21134556

DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.09.026

PubMed ID: 21357690

Title: RET modulates cell adhesion via its cleavage by caspase in sympathetic neurons.

PubMed ID: 21357690

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.195461

PubMed ID: 21454698

Title: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) binds RET kinase via its FERM domain, priming a direct and reciprocal RET-FAK transactivation mechanism.

PubMed ID: 21454698

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.168500

PubMed ID: 21994944

Title: Sorting protein-related receptor SorLA controls regulated secretion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.

PubMed ID: 21994944

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.246413

PubMed ID: 23333276

Title: SorLA controls neurotrophic activity by sorting of GDNF and its receptors GFRalpha1 and RET.

PubMed ID: 23333276

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.12.011

PubMed ID: 28953886

Title: Non-homeostatic body weight regulation through a brainstem-restricted receptor for GDF15.

PubMed ID: 28953886

DOI: 10.1038/nature24042

PubMed ID: 29144449

Title: Non-homeostatic body weight regulation through a brainstem-restricted receptor for GDF15.

PubMed ID: 29144449

DOI: 10.1038/nature24481

PubMed ID: 28846097

Title: GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and the ligand promotes weight loss in mice and nonhuman primates.

PubMed ID: 28846097

DOI: 10.1038/nm.4392

PubMed ID: 28846099

Title: GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and is required for the anti-obesity effects of the ligand.

PubMed ID: 28846099

DOI: 10.1038/nm.4394

PubMed ID: 26237509

Title: The active site of O-GlcNAc transferase imposes constraints on substrate sequence.

PubMed ID: 26237509

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3063

PubMed ID: 16928683

Title: Structure and chemical inhibition of the RET tyrosine kinase domain.

PubMed ID: 16928683

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605604200

PubMed ID: 20117004

Title: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and crystallographic studies of 3-substituted indolin-2-one RET inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 20117004

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.011

PubMed ID: 20473317

Title: Mammal-restricted elements predispose human RET to folding impairment by HSCR mutations.

PubMed ID: 20473317

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1808

PubMed ID: 25242331

Title: RET recognition of GDNF-GFRalpha1 ligand by a composite binding site promotes membrane-proximal self-association.

PubMed ID: 25242331

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.040

PubMed ID: 24560924

Title: Oncogenic RET kinase domain mutations perturb the autophosphorylation trajectory by enhancing substrate presentation in trans.

PubMed ID: 24560924

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.01.015

PubMed ID: 31118272

Title: Structural basis of resistance of mutant RET protein-tyrosine kinase to its inhibitors nintedanib and vandetanib.

PubMed ID: 31118272

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007682

PubMed ID: 31535977

Title: Cryo-EM analyses reveal the common mechanism and diversification in the activation of RET by different ligands.

PubMed ID: 31535977

DOI: 10.7554/elife.47650

PubMed ID: 9359036

Title: Mutations in Hirschsprung disease: when does a mutation contribute to the phenotype.

PubMed ID: 9359036

PubMed ID: 9067749

Title: Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes, related sporadic tumours, and Hirschsprung disease.

PubMed ID: 9067749

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1997)9:2<97::aid-humu1>3.0.co;2-m

PubMed ID: 8103403

Title: Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with MEN 2A and FMTC.

PubMed ID: 8103403

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.7.851

PubMed ID: 8099202

Title: Germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.

PubMed ID: 8099202

DOI: 10.1038/363458a0

PubMed ID: 7704557

Title: Heterogeneity and low detection rate of RET mutations in Hirschsprung disease.

PubMed ID: 7704557

DOI: 10.1159/000472371

PubMed ID: 7911697

Title: Point mutation within the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B and related sporadic tumours.

PubMed ID: 7911697

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.2.237

PubMed ID: 7915165

Title: Germline RET mutations in MEN 2A and FMTC and their detection by simple DNA diagnostic tests.

PubMed ID: 7915165

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.4.635

PubMed ID: 7849720

Title: RET proto-oncogene mutations in inherited and sporadic medullary thyroid cancer.

PubMed ID: 7849720

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.10.1895

PubMed ID: 7874109

Title: RET proto-oncogene mutations in French MEN 2A and FMTC families.

PubMed ID: 7874109

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.11.1939

PubMed ID: 7881414

Title: Diverse phenotypes associated with exon 10 mutations of the RET proto-oncogene.

PubMed ID: 7881414

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.12.2163

PubMed ID: 7906866

Title: A mutation in the RET proto-oncogene associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 7906866

DOI: 10.1038/367375a0

PubMed ID: 8114938

Title: Point mutations affecting the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease.

PubMed ID: 8114938

DOI: 10.1038/367377a0

PubMed ID: 8114939

Title: Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease.

PubMed ID: 8114939

DOI: 10.1038/367378a0

PubMed ID: 7906417

Title: Single missense mutation in the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of the RET protooncogene is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B.

PubMed ID: 7906417

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.4.1579

PubMed ID: 8625130

Title: Analysis of RET protooncogene point mutations distinguishes heritable from nonheritable medullary thyroid carcinomas.

PubMed ID: 8625130

DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19950801)76:3<479::aid-cncr2820760319>3.0.co;2-m

PubMed ID: 7860065

Title: Germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in eight Japanese patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A).

PubMed ID: 7860065

DOI: 10.1007/bf00209399

PubMed ID: 7633441

Title: Mutation analysis of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in Hirschsprung disease.

PubMed ID: 7633441

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.5.821

PubMed ID: 7581377

Title: Diversity of RET proto-oncogene mutations in familial and sporadic Hirschsprung disease.

PubMed ID: 7581377

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.8.1381

PubMed ID: 8595427

Title: Two maternally derived missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET protooncogene in a patient with de novo MEN 2B.

PubMed ID: 8595427

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.10.1987

PubMed ID: 7845675

Title: A novel point mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET proto-oncogene in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma and in a family with FMTC.

PubMed ID: 7845675

PubMed ID: 7784092

Title: RET mutations in exons 13 and 14 of FMTC patients.

PubMed ID: 7784092

PubMed ID: 9043870

Title: Prevalence and parental origin of de novo RET mutations in Hirschsprung's disease.

PubMed ID: 9043870

DOI: 10.1159/000472232

PubMed ID: 8557249

Title: Mutation analysis of the RET proto-oncogene in Dutch families with MEN 2A, MEN 2B and FMTC: two novel mutations and one de novo mutation for MEN 2A.

PubMed ID: 8557249

DOI: 10.1007/bf00218825

PubMed ID: 8807338

Title: Diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia [MEN] 2A, 2B and familial medullary thyroid cancer [FMTC] by multiplex PCR and heteroduplex analyses of RET proto-oncogene mutations.

PubMed ID: 8807338

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1996)8:1<64::aid-humu9>3.0.co;2-p

PubMed ID: 8626834

Title: Mutations of the ret protooncogene in German multiple endocrine neoplasia families: relation between genotype and phenotype.

PubMed ID: 8626834

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.81.5.8626834

PubMed ID: 9097963

Title: A duplication of 12 bp in the critical cysteine rich domain of the RET proto-oncogene results in a distinct phenotype of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.

PubMed ID: 9097963

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/6.4.587

PubMed ID: 9090527

Title: Frequency of RET mutations in long- and short-segment Hirschsprung disease.

PubMed ID: 9090527

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1997)9:3<243::aid-humu5>3.0.co;2-8

PubMed ID: 9259198

Title: Cys 618 Arg mutation in the RET proto-oncogene associated with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and maternally transmitted Hirschsprung's disease suggesting a role for imprinting.

PubMed ID: 9259198

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1997)10:2<155::aid-humu7>3.0.co;2-j

PubMed ID: 9360560

Title: Germline dinucleotide mutation in codon 883 of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B without codon 918 mutation.

PubMed ID: 9360560

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.11.4508

PubMed ID: 9398735

Title: A novel point mutation in the intracellular domain of the ret protooncogene in a family with medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 9398735

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.12.4439

PubMed ID: 9094028

Title: Mutation analysis of the RET, the endothelin-B receptor, and the endothelin-3 genes in sporadic cases of Hirschsprung's disease.

PubMed ID: 9094028

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(97)90616-3

PubMed ID: 9223675

Title: Novel germline RET proto-oncogene mutations associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC): mutation analysis in Japanese patients with MTC.

PubMed ID: 9223675

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201102

PubMed ID: 9294615

Title: Germline mutation of RET codon 883 in two cases of de novo MEN 2B.

PubMed ID: 9294615

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201481

PubMed ID: 9497256

Title: Mutations of the RET-GDNF signaling pathway in Ondine's curse.

PubMed ID: 9497256

DOI: 10.1086/301759

PubMed ID: 9677065

Title: Novel point mutation in exon 10 of the RET proto-oncogene in a family with medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 9677065

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980707)78:3<271::aid-ajmg13>3.0.co;2-c

PubMed ID: 9760196

Title: Phenotypic variation in a family with mutations in two Hirschsprung-related genes (RET and endothelin receptor B).

PubMed ID: 9760196

DOI: 10.1007/s004390050797

PubMed ID: 9384613

Title: Hirschsprung disease in MEN 2A: increased spectrum of RET exon 10 genotypes and strong genotype-phenotype correlation.

PubMed ID: 9384613

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.1.129

PubMed ID: 9452064

Title: Duplication of 9 base pairs in the critical cysteine-rich domain of the RET proto-oncogene causes multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.

PubMed ID: 9452064

DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380110143

PubMed ID: 9452077

Title: A GTG to ATG novel point mutation at codon 804 in exon 14 of the RET proto-oncogene in two families affected by familial medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 9452077

DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380110156

PubMed ID: 9506724

Title: A new hot spot for mutations in the ret protooncogene causing familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.

PubMed ID: 9506724

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.3.4619

PubMed ID: 9621513

Title: Mutational analysis of the RET proto-oncogene in 71 Japanese patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 9621513

DOI: 10.1007/s100380050048

PubMed ID: 10090908

Title: Double heterozygosity for a RET substitution interfering with splicing and an EDNRB missense mutation in Hirschsprung disease.

PubMed ID: 10090908

DOI: 10.1086/302329

PubMed ID: 10484767

Title: Two distinct mutations of the RET receptor causing Hirschsprung's disease impair the binding of signalling effectors to a multifunctional docking site.

PubMed ID: 10484767

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.11.1989

PubMed ID: 10323403

Title: A novel 9-base pair duplication in RET exon 8 in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 10323403

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.5.5665

PubMed ID: 10522989

Title: A novel case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A associated with two de novo mutations of the RET protooncogene.

PubMed ID: 10522989

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.10.6056

PubMed ID: 10826520

Title: A RET double mutation in the germline of a kindred with FMTC.

PubMed ID: 10826520

DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-5806

PubMed ID: 10612852

Title: A new germline mutation, R600Q, within the coding region of RET proto-oncogene: a rare polymorphism or a MEN 2 causing mutation?

PubMed ID: 10612852

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(200001)15:1<122::aid-humu41>3.0.co;2-7

PubMed ID: 10618407

Title: A human model for multigenic inheritance: phenotypic expression in Hirschsprung disease requires both the RET gene and a new 9q31 locus.

PubMed ID: 10618407

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.1.268

PubMed ID: 11692159

Title: Three novel mutations in the RET proto-oncogene.

PubMed ID: 11692159

DOI: 10.1007/s001090100250

PubMed ID: 12000816

Title: Germ-line mutations in nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma.

PubMed ID: 12000816

DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa020152

PubMed ID: 12086152

Title: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: a novel mutation of the RET gene in an isolated case.

PubMed ID: 12086152

DOI: 10.1620/tjem.196.241

PubMed ID: 14566559

Title: Molecular analysis of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.

PubMed ID: 14566559

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-003-1036-z

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1114
  • Mass: 124319
  • Checksum: A3DA0CE01A19A441
  • Sequence:
  • MAKATSGAAG LRLLLLLLLP LLGKVALGLY FSRDAYWEKL YVDQAAGTPL LYVHALRDAP 
    EEVPSFRLGQ HLYGTYRTRL HENNWICIQE DTGLLYLNRS LDHSSWEKLS VRNRGFPLLT 
    VYLKVFLSPT SLREGECQWP GCARVYFSFF NTSFPACSSL KPRELCFPET RPSFRIRENR 
    PPGTFHQFRL LPVQFLCPNI SVAYRLLEGE GLPFRCAPDS LEVSTRWALD REQREKYELV 
    AVCTVHAGAR EEVVMVPFPV TVYDEDDSAP TFPAGVDTAS AVVEFKRKED TVVATLRVFD 
    ADVVPASGEL VRRYTSTLLP GDTWAQQTFR VEHWPNETSV QANGSFVRAT VHDYRLVLNR 
    NLSISENRTM QLAVLVNDSD FQGPGAGVLL LHFNVSVLPV SLHLPSTYSL SVSRRARRFA 
    QIGKVCVENC QAFSGINVQY KLHSSGANCS TLGVVTSAED TSGILFVNDT KALRRPKCAE 
    LHYMVVATDQ QTSRQAQAQL LVTVEGSYVA EEAGCPLSCA VSKRRLECEE CGGLGSPTGR 
    CEWRQGDGKG ITRNFSTCSP STKTCPDGHC DVVETQDINI CPQDCLRGSI VGGHEPGEPR 
    GIKAGYGTCN CFPEEEKCFC EPEDIQDPLC DELCRTVIAA AVLFSFIVSV LLSAFCIHCY 
    HKFAHKPPIS SAEMTFRRPA QAFPVSYSSS GARRPSLDSM ENQVSVDAFK ILEDPKWEFP 
    RKNLVLGKTL GEGEFGKVVK ATAFHLKGRA GYTTVAVKML KENASPSELR DLLSEFNVLK 
    QVNHPHVIKL YGACSQDGPL LLIVEYAKYG SLRGFLRESR KVGPGYLGSG GSRNSSSLDH 
    PDERALTMGD LISFAWQISQ GMQYLAEMKL VHRDLAARNI LVAEGRKMKI SDFGLSRDVY 
    EEDSYVKRSQ GRIPVKWMAI ESLFDHIYTT QSDVWSFGVL LWEIVTLGGN PYPGIPPERL 
    FNLLKTGHRM ERPDNCSEEM YRLMLQCWKQ EPDKRPVFAD ISKDLEKMMV KRRDYLDLAA 
    STPSDSLIYD DGLSEEETPL VDCNNAPLPR ALPSTWIENK LYGMSDPNWP GESPVPLTRA 
    DGTNTGFPRY PNDSVYANWM LSPSAAKLMD TFDS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.