Details for: KMO

Gene ID: 8564

Symbol: KMO

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000117009

Description: kynurenine 3-monooxygenase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 50.3391
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 30.9490
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8500
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 6.3506
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8300
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 4.9104
    Cell Significance Index: 82.5900
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 4.9103
    Cell Significance Index: 71.2900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 3.0595
    Cell Significance Index: 76.4800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 2.3691
    Cell Significance Index: 145.2500
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 2.2208
    Cell Significance Index: 34.3600
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 1.9611
    Cell Significance Index: 3616.6800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 1.8521
    Cell Significance Index: 2851.2400
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.5180
    Cell Significance Index: 25.5700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.7344
    Cell Significance Index: 139.7600
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.4917
    Cell Significance Index: 13.1300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: 0.4807
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6700
  • Cell Name: monocyte-derived dendritic cell (CL0011031)
    Fold Change: 0.3877
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3839
    Cell Significance Index: 37.9800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3437
    Cell Significance Index: 310.3700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.3230
    Cell Significance Index: 6.8800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.2853
    Cell Significance Index: 387.8800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.2699
    Cell Significance Index: 53.5600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2653
    Cell Significance Index: 28.8600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.2337
    Cell Significance Index: 14.0300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2311
    Cell Significance Index: 37.5900
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.1714
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.1638
    Cell Significance Index: 19.3200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.1342
    Cell Significance Index: 26.9200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1276
    Cell Significance Index: 88.2200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1098
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5900
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.0674
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0646
    Cell Significance Index: 121.5700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0491
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0415
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8600
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0114
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6400
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0800
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0228
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0235
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0252
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0299
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0309
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0321
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0334
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.0362
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0393
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0421
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: -0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0510
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0556
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4900
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: -0.0558
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0625
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0636
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9900
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0645
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.0649
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0676
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0677
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0878
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0882
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1100
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.0904
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1041
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9900
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.1079
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1091
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1145
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1155
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0000
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.1173
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1000
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1181
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: trophoblast giant cell (CL0002488)
    Fold Change: -0.1263
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1357
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1372
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1412
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1463
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8200
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.1508
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1538
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1576
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1655
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.1697
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4300
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1719
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5200
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.1834
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1875
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1400
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1894
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.1936
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Enzymatic Activity:** KMO is a dioxygenase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine, a precursor to kynurenine. 2. **Tissue Expression:** KMO is widely expressed in various tissues, including the anterior lens cell, lens epithelial cell, colon goblet cell, and intestinal crypt stem cell of the small intestine. 3. **Signaling Pathways:** KMO is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including the anthranilate metabolic process, cellular response to interleukin-1, and cellular response to lipopolysaccharide. 4. **Metabolic Pathways:** KMO is part of the tryptophan catabolic process, which involves the degradation of tryptophan into various metabolites, including kynurenine, anthranilate, and quinolinic acid. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Immune Regulation:** KMO modulates the immune response by regulating the production of kynurenine and its downstream metabolites, which have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. 2. **Neurotransmission:** KMO is involved in the regulation of neurotransmission by influencing the production of quinolinic acid, a neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of glutamate secretion and neurotransmission. 3. **Stress Response:** KMO is activated in response to stress, including salt stress, and plays a role in the regulation of cellular responses to stress. 4. **Antioxidant Defense:** KMO has antioxidant properties, as it can neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the tryptophan catabolic process. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Immune-Related Disorders:** Dysregulation of KMO activity has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. 2. **Neurological Conditions:** Abnormalities in KMO activity have been linked to neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. 3. **Cancer:** KMO has been implicated in cancer development and progression, as it can influence the production of kynurenine and its downstream metabolites, which can promote tumor growth and metastasis. 4. **Infectious Diseases:** KMO plays a role in the regulation of the immune response to pathogens, and dysregulation of KMO activity has been linked to various infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and HIV. In conclusion, KMO is a critical enzyme involved in the regulation of tryptophan catabolism, immune response, and neurotransmission. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various clinical conditions, including immune-related disorders, neurological conditions, and cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of KMO in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 1744412875

Symbol: KMO_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O15229 A2A2U8 A2A2U9 A2A2V0 Q5SY07 Q5SY08 Q5SY09

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 20 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 4 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 19 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HAMAP 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 1 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9237672

Title: Cloning and functional expression of human kynurenine 3-monooxygenase.

PubMed ID: 9237672

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00627-3

PubMed ID: 10672018

Title: Functional characterization and mechanism of action of recombinant human kynurenine 3-hydroxylase.

PubMed ID: 10672018

DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01104.x

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 12402501

Title: Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development.

PubMed ID: 12402501

DOI: 10.1038/nrd870

PubMed ID: 23575632

Title: Structural basis of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibition.

PubMed ID: 23575632

DOI: 10.1038/nature12039

PubMed ID: 26752518

Title: Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase inhibition prevents multiple organ failure in rodent models of acute pancreatitis.

PubMed ID: 26752518

DOI: 10.1038/nm.4020

PubMed ID: 28604669

Title: Structural and mechanistic basis of differentiated inhibitors of the acute pancreatitis target kynurenine-3-monooxygenase.

PubMed ID: 28604669

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15827

PubMed ID: 29208702

Title: Biochemistry and structural studies of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase reveal allosteric inhibition by Ro 61-8048.

PubMed ID: 29208702

DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700397rr

PubMed ID: 29429898

Title: Structural Basis for Inhibitor-Induced Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase.

PubMed ID: 29429898

DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.01.008

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 486
  • Mass: 55810
  • Checksum: 164870D52E62A08A
  • Sequence:
    • MDSSVIQRKK VAVIGGGLVG SLQACFLAKR NFQIDVYEAR EDTRVATFTR GRSINLALSH 
RGRQALKAVG LEDQIVSQGI PMRARMIHSL SGKKSAIPYG TKSQYILSVS RENLNKDLLT 
AAEKYPNVKM HFNHRLLKCN PEEGMITVLG SDKVPKDVTC DLIVGCDGAY STVRSHLMKK 
PRFDYSQQYI PHGYMELTIP PKNGDYAMEP NYLHIWPRNT FMMIALPNMN KSFTCTLFMP 
FEEFEKLLTS NDVVDFFQKY FPDAIPLIGE KLLVQDFFLL PAQPMISVKC SSFHFKSHCV 
LLGDAAHAIV PFFGQGMNAG FEDCLVFDEL MDKFSNDLSL CLPVFSRLRI PDDHAISDLS 
MYNYIEMRAH VNSSWFIFQK NMERFLHAIM PSTFIPLYTM VTFSRIRYHE AVQRWHWQKK 
VINKGLFFLG SLIAISSTYL LIHYMSPRSF LRLRRPWNWI AHFRNTTCFP AKAVDSLEQI 
SNLISR

Genular Protein ID: 2774041998

Symbol: A8K693_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A8K693

Database IDs:

ARBA 5 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 8 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 2 GO 8 Gene3D 1 HAMAP 1 HAMAP-Rule 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 RefSeq 1 Rhea 1 SAM 1 SUPFAM 1 UniPathway 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 486
  • Mass: 55717
  • Checksum: FA369554C0051E46
  • Sequence:
    • MDSSVIQRKK VAVIGGGLVG SLQACFLAKR NFQIDVYEAR EDTRVATFTR GRSINLALSH 
RGRQALKAVG LEDQIVSQGI PMRARMIHSL SGKKSAIPYG TKSQYILSVS RENLNKDLLT 
AAEKYPNVKM HFNHRLLKCN PEEGMITVLG SDKVPKDVTC DLIVGCDGAY STVRSHLMKK 
PRSDYSQQYI PHGYMELTIP PKNGDYAMEP NYLHIWPRNT FMMIALPNMN KSFTCTLFMP 
FEELEKLLTS NDVVDFFQKY FPDAIPLIGE KLLVQDFFLL PAQPMISVKC SSFHFKSHCV 
LLGDAAHAIV PFFGQGMNAG FEDCLVFDEL MDKFSNDLSL CLPVFSRLRI PDDHAISDLS 
MYDYIEMRAH VNSSWFIFQK NMERFLHAIM PSTFIPLYTM VTFSRIRYHE AVQRWHWQKK 
VINKGLFFLG SLIAISSTYL LIHYMSPRSF LRLRRPWNWI AHFRNTTCFP AKAVDSLEQI 
SNLISR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.