Details for: RDH16

Gene ID: 8608

Symbol: RDH16

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000139547

Description: retinol dehydrogenase 16

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 6.8995
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 3.1161
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2200
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 2.1823
    Cell Significance Index: 36.7100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 1.5926
    Cell Significance Index: 39.8100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 1.4194
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 1.2298
    Cell Significance Index: 75.4000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.0579
    Cell Significance Index: 22.9200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.5736
    Cell Significance Index: 18.3700
  • Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
    Fold Change: 0.5090
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.4937
    Cell Significance Index: 22.3800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3934
    Cell Significance Index: 74.8700
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.2508
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.2458
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2394
    Cell Significance Index: 23.6800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1983
    Cell Significance Index: 179.0900
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.1924
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1617
    Cell Significance Index: 9.7100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.1553
    Cell Significance Index: 16.8900
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 0.1249
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1240
    Cell Significance Index: 20.1600
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 0.1235
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5400
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.0821
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7800
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.0788
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0784
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0732
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5400
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.0546
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2700
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.0276
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6200
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0064
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0075
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0100
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0142
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0181
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0192
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0198
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: -0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0219
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0219
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0246
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0253
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0277
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: -0.0280
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: -0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0301
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0326
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0332
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: -0.0355
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0358
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0363
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0365
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0377
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0393
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: -0.0419
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0420
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0422
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0427
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** The RDH16 gene shares structural and functional similarities with other retinol dehydrogenases, such as RDH2 and RDH5. These enzymes belong to the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily and are characterized by their ability to catalyze the reduction of retinol to retinaldehyde. The RDH16 enzyme is specifically involved in the conversion of 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal, a critical step in the visual cycle. This enzyme is also implicated in the regulation of androgen biosynthesis and the metabolism of steroids. **Pathways and Functions** The RDH16 gene is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Visual phototransduction**: The RDH16 enzyme plays a crucial role in the visual cycle, converting 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal, which is then converted to rhodopsin by the enzyme RPE65. This process is essential for the initiation of visual signal transduction in rod photoreceptors. 2. **Sensory perception**: The RDH16 enzyme is also involved in the regulation of sensory perception, including the detection of light and the modulation of visual sensitivity. 3. **Lipid metabolism**: The RDH16 enzyme is implicated in the metabolism of lipids, including the conversion of retinol to retinaldehyde, which is then used as a precursor for the synthesis of retinoic acid. 4. **Androgen biosynthesis**: The RDH16 enzyme is involved in the metabolism of androgens, including the conversion of androsterone to androstenedione. 5. **Steroid metabolism**: The RDH16 enzyme is also involved in the metabolism of steroids, including the conversion of androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol to androsterone. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of the RDH16 gene has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Retinitis pigmentosa**: Mutations in the RDH16 gene have been associated with retinitis pigmentosa, a group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive visual loss. 2. **Androgen insensitivity syndrome**: Mutations in the RDH16 gene have also been linked to androgen insensitivity syndrome, a condition characterized by impaired androgen response. 3. **Immune system disorders**: The RDH16 gene is also expressed in immune system cells, and dysregulation of this gene has been implicated in various immune system disorders, including autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency disorders. In conclusion, the RDH16 gene plays a critical role in regulating various cellular processes, including visual phototransduction, sensory perception, and lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of this gene has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of this gene in maintaining human health.

Genular Protein ID: 974531766

Symbol: RDH16_HUMAN

Name: Retinol dehydrogenase 16

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O75452 Q9UNV2

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 37 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 5 EMBL 2 Ensembl 1 GO 11 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 Rhea 9 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SwissLipids 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9677409

Title: cDNA cloning and characterization of a new human microsomal NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase that oxidizes all-trans-retinol and 3alpha-hydroxysteroids.

PubMed ID: 9677409

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.31.19778

PubMed ID: 10329026

Title: Cloning and characterization of retinol dehydrogenase transcripts expressed in human epidermal keratinocytes.

PubMed ID: 10329026

DOI: 10.1006/mgme.1999.2840

PubMed ID: 11967490

Title: Expression of a retinol dehydrogenase (hRoDH-4), a member of the retinol/steroid dehydrogenase family implicated in retinoic acid biosynthesis, in normal and neoplastic endometria.

PubMed ID: 11967490

DOI: 10.1067/mob.2002.122127

PubMed ID: 12534290

Title: Differential recognition of the free versus bound retinol by human microsomal retinol/sterol dehydrogenases: characterization of the holo-CRBP dehydrogenase activity of RoDH-4.

PubMed ID: 12534290

DOI: 10.1021/bi026836r

PubMed ID: 19027726

Title: The SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and related enzymes) nomenclature initiative.

PubMed ID: 19027726

DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.10.040

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 29541409

Title: Inhibition of dihydrotestosterone synthesis in prostate cancer by combined frontdoor and backdoor pathway blockade.

PubMed ID: 29541409

DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24107

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 317
  • Mass: 35673
  • Checksum: F9208C22B0515CFD
  • Sequence:
    • MWLYLAVFVG LYYLLHWYRE RQVLSHLRDK YVFITGCDSG FGKLLARQLD ARGLRVLAAC 
LTEKGAEQLR GQTSDRLETV TLDVTKTESV AAAAQWVKEC VRDKGLWGLV NNAGISLPTA 
PNELLTKQDF VTILDVNLLG VIDVTLSLLP LVRRARGRVV NVSSVMGRVS LFGGGYCISK 
YGVEAFSDSL RRELSYFGVK VAMIEPGYFK TAVTSKERFL KSFLEIWDRS SPEVKEAYGE 
KFVADYKKSA EQMEQKCTQD LSLVTNCMEH ALIACHPRTR YSAGWDAKLL YLPMSYMPTF 
LVDAIMYWVS PSPAKAL

Genular Protein ID: 3220168259

Symbol: Q59FX7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q59FX7

Database IDs:

AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 GO 4 Gene3D 1 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PeptideAtlas 1 RefSeq 2

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 193
  • Mass: 21751
  • Checksum: 61E1211DA898B764
  • Sequence:
    • LWLRETAGQT AGCTRLAGAG CMSDGERSRA AEGPDFRQAG DGDPGCYQDR ERCCSRPVGE 
GVRERQRREL SYFGVKVAMI EPGYFKTAVT SKERFLKSFL EIWDRSSPEV KEAYGEKFVA 
DYKKSAEQME QKCTQDLSLV TNCMEHALIA CHPRTRYSAG WDAKLLYLPM SYMPTFLVDA 
IMYWVSPSPA KAL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.