Details for: AKR1C2

Gene ID: 1646

Symbol: AKR1C2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151632

Description: aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2

Associated with

  • Bile acid and bile salt metabolism
    (R-HSA-194068)
  • Metabolism
    (R-HSA-1430728)
  • Metabolism of lipids
    (R-HSA-556833)
  • Metabolism of steroids
    (R-HSA-8957322)
  • Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts
    (R-HSA-192105)
  • Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol
    (R-HSA-193368)
  • Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol
    (R-HSA-193775)
  • Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol
    (R-HSA-193807)
  • Alditol:nadp+ 1-oxidoreductase activity
    (GO:0004032)
  • Androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol dehydrogenase activity
    (GO:0047044)
  • Androsterone dehydrogenase activity
    (GO:0047023)
  • Bile acid binding
    (GO:0032052)
  • Carboxylic acid binding
    (GO:0031406)
  • Cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulus
    (GO:0071395)
  • Cellular response to prostaglandin d stimulus
    (GO:0071799)
  • Cytosol
    (GO:0005829)
  • Daunorubicin metabolic process
    (GO:0044597)
  • Digestion
    (GO:0007586)
  • Doxorubicin metabolic process
    (GO:0044598)
  • Epithelial cell differentiation
    (GO:0030855)
  • Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [nad(p)] activity
    (GO:0004303)
  • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
    (GO:0007186)
  • Indanol dehydrogenase activity
    (GO:0047718)
  • Ketosteroid monooxygenase activity
    (GO:0047086)
  • Oxidoreductase activity, acting on nad(p)h, quinone or similar compound as acceptor
    (GO:0016655)
  • Phenanthrene 9,10-monooxygenase activity
    (GO:0018636)
  • Positive regulation of cell population proliferation
    (GO:0008284)
  • Positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase b signal transduction
    (GO:0051897)
  • Progesterone metabolic process
    (GO:0042448)
  • Prostaglandin metabolic process
    (GO:0006693)
  • Steroid metabolic process
    (GO:0008202)
  • Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity
    (GO:0047115)

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: 2.56
    Marker Score: 1244
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 2.49
    Marker Score: 3663
  • Cell Name: malignant cell (CL0001064)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Marker Score: 31884
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
    Fold Change: 2.18
    Marker Score: 16246
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 1165
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 2043
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Marker Score: 1252
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Marker Score: 10021
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Marker Score: 9977
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 168910
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 6125
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 7396
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous fat cell (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 491
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 743
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Marker Score: 613
  • Cell Name: bronchial goblet cell (CL1000312)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 633
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 312
  • Cell Name: glandular cell of esophagus (CL0002657)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 395
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 966
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 37661
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stratum germinativum of esophagus (CL1000447)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 263
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 2162
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 1223
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 296
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 797
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 228
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 737.5
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30406
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 502
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 15213
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 5832
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 456
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2411
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2734
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 7093
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 5177
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 7763
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 322
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5296
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 7533
  • Cell Name: primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei) (CL0000531)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 275
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 316
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 517
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1263
  • Cell Name: papillary tips cell (CL1000597)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 155
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 19544
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 457
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 858
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 628
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 572
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 505
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 674
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 736
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 181
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 2979.5
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 178
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 1805
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 256
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 766
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 307
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle (CL1000311)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 1301
  • Cell Name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell (CL0005012)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 1206
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 990
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 228
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 649
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 534
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of prostate (CL1000299)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 147
  • Cell Name: prostate stromal cell (CL0002622)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 147
  • Cell Name: reticular cell (CL0000432)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 213
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 394
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 442
  • Cell Name: mammary gland epithelial cell (CL0002327)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 194
  • Cell Name: lung goblet cell (CL1000143)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 157
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 235
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 839.5
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001111)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 550
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 197.5
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 557
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 4892
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 777
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 1512
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 666
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 120
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 594
  • Cell Name: muscle cell (CL0000187)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 128
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 923
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite cell (CL0000594)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 298
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 274
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 413
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 136
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 113
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 175
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 759
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 406
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 234
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 120
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 150
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 761

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** - It is a protein of the aldo-keto reductase family 1. - It is expressed in a variety of cell types. - It is significantly expressed in some cell types, such as adipocytes, urothelial cells, and malignant cells. **Pathways and functions:** - AKR1C2 is involved in a variety of pathways, including: - Alditol:nadp+ 1-oxidoreductase activity - Androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol dehydrogenase activity - Androsterone dehydrogenase activity - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism - Bile acid binding - Carboxylic acid binding - Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [nad(p)] activity - Ketosteroid monooxygenase activity - Metabolism - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol **Clinical significance:** - Mutations in AKR1C2 have been linked to a number of human diseases, including: - Obesity - Metabolic syndrome - Cardiovascular disease - Cancer **Conclusion:** Akr1c2 is an important protein that is involved in a variety of cellular processes. Its expression and activity are regulated by a number of factors, including hormones and nutrients.

Genular Protein ID: 4113031975

Symbol: AK1C2_HUMAN

Name: 3-alpha-HSD3

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8274401

Title: Molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding human enzymes structurally related to 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 8274401

DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90308-j

PubMed ID: 8011662

Title: cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences of a human colon dihydrodiol dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 8011662

DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90144-9

PubMed ID: 7959017

Title: Structure of a gene coding for human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase/bile acid-binding protein.

PubMed ID: 7959017

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90176-7

PubMed ID: 8920937

Title: Molecular cloning of human type 3 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that differs from 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by seven amino acids.

PubMed ID: 8920937

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1684

PubMed ID: 9716498

Title: Sequence of the cDNA of a human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase isoform (AKR1C2) and tissue distribution of its mRNA.

PubMed ID: 9716498

DOI: 10.1042/bj3340399

PubMed ID: 10672042

Title: Close kinship of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene with three aldo-keto reductase genes.

PubMed ID: 10672042

DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00310.x

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8573067

Title: Relationship of human liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenases to hepatic bile-acid-binding protein and an oxidoreductase of human colon cells.

PubMed ID: 8573067

DOI: 10.1042/bj3130373

PubMed ID: 8486699

Title: cDNA cloning and expression of the human hepatic bile acid-binding protein. A member of the monomeric reductase gene family.

PubMed ID: 8486699

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82220-7

PubMed ID: 10998348

Title: Human 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms (AKR1C1-AKR1C4) of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily: functional plasticity and tissue distribution reveals roles in the inactivation and formation of male and female sex hormones.

PubMed ID: 10998348

DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3510067

PubMed ID: 14672942

Title: Human cytosolic 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily display significant 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity: implications for steroid hormone metabolism and action.

PubMed ID: 14672942

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m313308200

PubMed ID: 19218247

Title: Human cytosolic hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of the aldo-ketoreductase superfamily catalyze reduction of conjugated steroids: implications for phase I and phase II steroid hormone metabolism.

PubMed ID: 19218247

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809465200

PubMed ID: 21802064

Title: Why boys will be boys: two pathways of fetal testicular androgen biosynthesis are needed for male sexual differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21802064

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.06.009

PubMed ID: 11513593

Title: Crystal structure of human type III 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/bile acid binding protein complexed with NADP(+) and ursodeoxycholate.

PubMed ID: 11513593

DOI: 10.1021/bi010919a

PubMed ID: 11514561

Title: Structure of the human 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 in complex with testosterone and NADP at 1.25-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 11514561

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105610200

PubMed ID: 15929998

Title: Comparison of crystal structures of human type 3 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reveals an 'induced-fit' mechanism and a conserved basic motif involved in the binding of androgen.

PubMed ID: 15929998

DOI: 10.1110/ps.051353205

PubMed ID: 17034817

Title: Crystal structures of mouse 17alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (apoenzyme and enzyme-NADP(H) binary complex): identification of molecular determinants responsible for the unique 17alpha-reductive activity of this enzyme.

PubMed ID: 17034817

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.030

PubMed ID: 17442338

Title: Mouse 17alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C21) binds steroids differently from other aldo-keto reductases: identification and characterization of amino acid residues critical for substrate binding.

PubMed ID: 17442338

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.03.058

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 323
  • Mass: 36735
  • Checksum: 0D7B6F983FCE85E1
  • Sequence:
  • MDSKYQCVKL NDGHFMPVLG FGTYAPAEVP KSKALEAVKL AIEAGFHHID SAHVYNNEEQ 
    VGLAIRSKIA DGSVKREDIF YTSKLWSNSH RPELVRPALE RSLKNLQLDY VDLYLIHFPV 
    SVKPGEEVIP KDENGKILFD TVDLCATWEA MEKCKDAGLA KSIGVSNFNH RLLEMILNKP 
    GLKYKPVCNQ VECHPYFNQR KLLDFCKSKD IVLVAYSALG SHREEPWVDP NSPVLLEDPV 
    LCALAKKHKR TPALIALRYQ LQRGVVVLAK SYNEQRIRQN VQVFEFQLTS EEMKAIDGLN 
    RNVRYLTLDI FAGPPNYPFS DEY

Genular Protein ID: 3542026281

Symbol: B4DK69_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 297
  • Mass: 33834
  • Checksum: AF427C98DEED9F78
  • Sequence:
  • MDSKYQCVKL NDGHFMPVLG FGTYAPAEVP KSKALEAVKL AIEAGFHHID SAHVYNNEEQ 
    VGLAIRSKIA DGSVKREDIF YTSKLWSNSH RPELVRPALE RSLKNLQLDY VDLYLIHFPV 
    SVKAMEKCKD AGLAKSIGVS NFNHRLLEMI LNKPGLKYKP VCNQVECHPY FNQRKLLDFC 
    KSKDIVLVAY SALGSHREEP WVDPNSPVLL EDPVLCALAK KHKRTPALIA LRYQLQRGVV 
    VLAKSYNEQR IRQNVQVFEF QLTSEEMKAI DGLNRNVRYL TLDIFAGPPN YPFSDEY

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.