Details for: HCRT

Gene ID: 3060

Symbol: HCRT

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161610

Description: hypocretin neuropeptide precursor

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Marker Score: 2159.5
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Marker Score: 1175
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 7680
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 689
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71836
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48061
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 511
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 464
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30409
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2413
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5343
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2742
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 327
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 1854
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5293
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 392
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1265
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 3263
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 707
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 399
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 303
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 566
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 1422
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 179
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 459
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 374
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 459
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 174
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 218
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 935
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 4061
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 4420
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 494
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 80
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 2236
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 212
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 73
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 127
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 494
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 90
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 56
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 42
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 37
  • Cell Name: CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human (CL0000939)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 127
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 66
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 49
  • Cell Name: type G enteroendocrine cell (CL0000508)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 49
  • Cell Name: inhibitory motor neuron (CL0008015)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 67
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 136
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 89
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 538
  • Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 67
  • Cell Name: vasa recta descending limb cell (CL1001285)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 33
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 184.5
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 133
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 144
  • Cell Name: primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei) (CL0000531)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 38
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 46
  • Cell Name: T-helper 17 cell (CL0000899)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 71
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 60
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 6466
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 60
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 159
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 120
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 3556
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 100
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 55
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 127
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 821
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 55
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 35
  • Cell Name: gut endothelial cell (CL0000131)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 29
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 304
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 1548
  • Cell Name: mononuclear phagocyte (CL0000113)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 78
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 32
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 629
  • Cell Name: peritubular capillary endothelial cell (CL1001033)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: motor neuron (CL0000100)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 43
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 69
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 31
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 31
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 87
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 67
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 58
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 56
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 602
  • Cell Name: double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000809)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 124
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 35
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 39
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 1313
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 31
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 28
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 254
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human (CL0001058)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 16

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Other Information

## Summary The HCRT gene encodes a protein called hypocretin neuropeptide precursor (HCRT). HCRT is a protein that is involved in the regulation of sleep and arousal. It is expressed in a variety of cell types, including blood vessel endothelial cells, colon goblet cells, intestinal crypt stem cells, and cerebral cortex GABAergic interneurons. ## Key characteristics * HCRT is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa. * It is produced by a single gene with 13 exons and 14 introns. * HCRT is a member of the neuropeptide family of proteins. * It is expressed in high levels in the hypothalamus and brainstem. * It is involved in the regulation of sleep and arousal through its interactions with the orexin and neuropeptide signaling pathways. ## Pathways and functions * **Chemical synaptic transmission:** HCRT is a ligand for the orexin receptor, which is expressed in the hypothalamus and brainstem. When HCRT binds to the orexin receptor, it triggers the activation of the orexin signaling pathway, which leads to the release of neurotransmitters such as orexin-A and orexin-B from the presynaptic neuron. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which leads to the generation of an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. * **G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway:** HCRT is also a ligand for the G alpha (q) protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family of receptors. When HCRT binds to GPCRs, it activates these receptors and initiates a cascade of intracellular events that lead to the activation of protein kinase c. Protein kinase c then activates downstream targets, including the phosphorylation of target proteins involved in sleep and arousal. * **Negative regulation of DNA replication:** HCRT has been shown to have a negative regulatory role in DNA replication. It does this by binding to the DNA polymerase complex and blocking its access to the DNA template. ## Clinical significance HCRT is a promising target for the treatment of insomnia and other sleep disorders. Mutations in the HCRT gene have been linked to changes in sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms. In animal models, inhibition of HCRT or the orexin signaling pathway has been shown to improve sleep quality and reduce the symptoms of insomnia. HCRT is currently being investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for insomnia and other sleep disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 3555671071

Symbol: OREX_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O43612

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 2 EMDB 1 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 26 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 2 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 2 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 10 PDBsum 5 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9491897

Title: Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior.

PubMed ID: 9491897

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80949-6

PubMed ID: 10364220

Title: Structure and function of human prepro-orexin gene.

PubMed ID: 10364220

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17771

PubMed ID: 10583376

Title: Solution structure of a new hypothalamic neuropeptide, human hypocretin-2/orexin-B.

PubMed ID: 10583376

DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00911.x

PubMed ID: 11340621

Title: Hypocretin/orexin, sleep and narcolepsy.

PubMed ID: 11340621

DOI: 10.1002/bies.1058

PubMed ID: 11283317

Title: To eat or to sleep? Orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness.

PubMed ID: 11283317

DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.429

PubMed ID: 15479620

Title: Solution structure of human orexin-A: regulator of appetite and wakefulness.

PubMed ID: 15479620

DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2004.37.5.565

PubMed ID: 14769912

Title: Crystal structure of HLA-DQ0602 that protects against type 1 diabetes and confers strong susceptibility to narcolepsy.

PubMed ID: 14769912

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308458100

PubMed ID: 16429482

Title: Orexin-A is composed of a highly conserved C-terminal and a specific, hydrophilic N-terminal region, revealing the structural basis of specific recognition by the orexin-1 receptor.

PubMed ID: 16429482

DOI: 10.1002/psc.747

PubMed ID: 33547286

Title: Structures of active-state orexin receptor 2 rationalize peptide and small-molecule agonist recognition and receptor activation.

PubMed ID: 33547286

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21087-6

PubMed ID: 10973318

Title: A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains.

PubMed ID: 10973318

DOI: 10.1038/79690

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 131
  • Mass: 13363
  • Checksum: 139D9C33E39E4EF1
  • Sequence:
    • MNLPSTKVSW AAVTLLLLLL LLPPALLSSG AAAQPLPDCC RQKTCSCRLY ELLHGAGNHA 
AGILTLGKRR SGPPGLQGRL QRLLQASGNH AAGILTMGRR AGAEPAPRPC LGRRCSAPAA 
ASVAPGGQSG I

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.