Details for: HCRT

Gene ID: 3060

Symbol: HCRT

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000161610

Description: hypocretin neuropeptide precursor

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 13.6295
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 8.4370
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 1.7276
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1300
  • Cell Name: intratelencephalic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023008)
    Fold Change: 0.6313
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5981
    Cell Significance Index: 113.8300
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.4870
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4375
    Cell Significance Index: 43.2800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.3562
    Cell Significance Index: 41.5100
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3474
    Cell Significance Index: 313.6400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2323
    Cell Significance Index: 25.2700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2308
    Cell Significance Index: 37.5400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1729
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3800
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.1494
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1357
    Cell Significance Index: 6.1500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.1351
    Cell Significance Index: 38.8800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.1329
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8300
  • Cell Name: vasa recta descending limb cell (CL1001285)
    Fold Change: 0.1233
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9000
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1224
    Cell Significance Index: 8.4700
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 0.1165
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6700
  • Cell Name: Langerhans cell (CL0000453)
    Fold Change: 0.0860
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0502
    Cell Significance Index: 10.0800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0474
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0384
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0381
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0355
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9900
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.0346
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0307
    Cell Significance Index: 11.0300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0153
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: -0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0255
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8300
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0301
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0339
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0358
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0358
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0360
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0375
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0385
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000031)
    Fold Change: -0.0400
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0406
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0422
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0427
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0430
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0446
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0448
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0486
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0491
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0528
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0543
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.0555
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.0590
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0591
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0592
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0617
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0646
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: -0.0657
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0657
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0661
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: -0.0663
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Genomic Location and Expression:** The HCRT gene is located on chromosome 20q11.21, and its expression is widespread across various tissues, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral organs. 2. **Protein Structure:** The HCRT gene encodes a preprohormone that is cleaved into two peptides, hypocretin-1 (Orexin A) and hypocretin-2 (Orexin B), which are potent neuropeptides. 3. **Receptor Binding:** HCRT peptides bind to two distinct receptors, the type 1 orexin receptor (OREX1R) and type 2 orexin receptor (OREX2R), which are G-protein coupled receptors. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Neurotransmitter Signaling:** HCRT peptides regulate neurotransmitter release, modulating the activity of various neurotransmitter systems, including GABA, glutamate, and dopamine. 2. **Immune System Regulation:** HCRT peptides have been shown to modulate immune responses, influencing the activity of immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 3. **Inflammation and Immune Homeostasis:** HCRT peptides have anti-inflammatory properties, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. 4. **Sleep-Wake Cycles:** HCRT peptides regulate sleep-wake cycles, modulating the activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and other sleep-related neural circuits. 5. **Energy Homeostasis:** HCRT peptides regulate energy metabolism, influencing the activity of adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Neurodegenerative Disorders:** HCRT peptides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as narcolepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. 2. **Obesity and Metabolic Disorders:** HCRT peptides have been linked to obesity and metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 3. **Autoimmune Diseases:** HCRT peptides have been shown to modulate immune responses in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 4. **Sleep Disorders:** HCRT peptides have been implicated in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, and their dysregulation has been linked to sleep disorders, such as insomnia and restless leg syndrome. In conclusion, the HCRT gene plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles, appetite, and energy homeostasis. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and autoimmune diseases. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complexities of HCRT signaling and its clinical significance.

Genular Protein ID: 3555671071

Symbol: OREX_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O43612

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 2 EMDB 1 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 26 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 2 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 5 PDBsum 5 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9491897

Title: Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior.

PubMed ID: 9491897

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80949-6

PubMed ID: 10364220

Title: Structure and function of human prepro-orexin gene.

PubMed ID: 10364220

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17771

PubMed ID: 10583376

Title: Solution structure of a new hypothalamic neuropeptide, human hypocretin-2/orexin-B.

PubMed ID: 10583376

DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00911.x

PubMed ID: 11340621

Title: Hypocretin/orexin, sleep and narcolepsy.

PubMed ID: 11340621

DOI: 10.1002/bies.1058

PubMed ID: 11283317

Title: To eat or to sleep? Orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness.

PubMed ID: 11283317

DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.429

PubMed ID: 15479620

Title: Solution structure of human orexin-A: regulator of appetite and wakefulness.

PubMed ID: 15479620

DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2004.37.5.565

PubMed ID: 14769912

Title: Crystal structure of HLA-DQ0602 that protects against type 1 diabetes and confers strong susceptibility to narcolepsy.

PubMed ID: 14769912

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308458100

PubMed ID: 16429482

Title: Orexin-A is composed of a highly conserved C-terminal and a specific, hydrophilic N-terminal region, revealing the structural basis of specific recognition by the orexin-1 receptor.

PubMed ID: 16429482

DOI: 10.1002/psc.747

PubMed ID: 33547286

Title: Structures of active-state orexin receptor 2 rationalize peptide and small-molecule agonist recognition and receptor activation.

PubMed ID: 33547286

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21087-6

PubMed ID: 10973318

Title: A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains.

PubMed ID: 10973318

DOI: 10.1038/79690

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 131
  • Mass: 13363
  • Checksum: 139D9C33E39E4EF1
  • Sequence:
    • MNLPSTKVSW AAVTLLLLLL LLPPALLSSG AAAQPLPDCC RQKTCSCRLY ELLHGAGNHA 
AGILTLGKRR SGPPGLQGRL QRLLQASGNH AAGILTMGRR AGAEPAPRPC LGRRCSAPAA 
ASVAPGGQSG I

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.