Details for: HRG

Gene ID: 3273

Symbol: HRG

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113905

Description: histidine rich glycoprotein

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 4552
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 7693
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 4980
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 2777.5
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 2599
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71833.5
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48058.5
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30409
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5357
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2743
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 4789
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5292
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 5171
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1269
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 712
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 400
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 681
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 9727
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 491
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 394
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 586
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 842
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 280
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 808
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle epithelial cell (CL1000909)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 267
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 148
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 114.5
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 111.5
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 704
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 187
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 156
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 235
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 117
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 83
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid (CL0019021)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 60
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 256
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 110
  • Cell Name: blood vessel smooth muscle cell (CL0019018)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 43
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 152
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 348
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 45
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 59
  • Cell Name: oocyte (CL0000023)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 30
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 29
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 360
  • Cell Name: myofibroblast cell (CL0000186)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 122
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 47
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 39
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 37.5
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 96
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 50
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct cell (CL1001225)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 27
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 35
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 124
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 143
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: papillary tips cell (CL1000597)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 11
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 59
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 40
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial cell (CL1000500)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 34
  • Cell Name: mucosal invariant T cell (CL0000940)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 40
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 49
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001111)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 44
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell (CL0002573)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: renal interstitial pericyte (CL1001318)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 37
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 34
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: gamma-delta T cell (CL0000798)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: primordial germ cell (CL0000670)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 45
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: promyelocyte (CL0000836)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000909)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 29
  • Cell Name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell (CL0000075)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 31
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 45
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: macula densa epithelial cell (CL1000850)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 28

Hover over a box to see details here...

Hover over a box to see details here...

Hover over a box to see details here...

Other Information

## Summary HRG (Histidine-rich glycoprotein) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response. It is expressed in various cell types, including hepatocytes, goblet cells, midzonal region hepatocyte, kidney loop of Henle, intestinal crypt stem cell of colon, cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron, forebrain radial glial cell, and absorptive cell. ## Key characteristics * HRG is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa. * It is rich in histidine residues, which contribute to its stability and ability to interact with various proteins. * HRG has a unique structure that allows it to bind to different molecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. * It is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including angiogenesis, chemotaxis, hemostasis, and inflammation. ## Pathways and functions * HRG is a key regulator of angiogenesis, a process by which new blood vessels form. * It promotes the formation of new blood vessels by binding to endothelial cells and facilitating their migration and proliferation. * It also inhibits the formation of plaque-forming atherosclerotic lesions in arteries. * HRG is involved in chemotaxis, the movement of immune cells to sites of inflammation or infection. * It is a potent inhibitor of cysteine-type endopeptidase, which is involved in the degradation of proteins. * HRG also has anti-apoptotic properties, protecting cells from death. ## Clinical significance HRG has several clinical implications, including: * It is a potential therapeutic target for cancer. * It is used as a biomarker for various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and liver disease. * It is being investigated as a potential treatment for autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders. ## Additional notes * HRG is a highly conserved protein, with a similar sequence found in organisms from different species. * It is a target for immune checkpoint therapy, which is a treatment that blocks the immune response to cancer cells.

Genular Protein ID: 1949269945

Symbol: HRG_HUMAN

Name: Histidine-rich glycoprotein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P04196 B9EK35 D3DNU7

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 2 EMBL 7 Ensembl 1 GO 45 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 2 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SWISS-2DPAGE 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3011081

Title: Amino acid sequence of human histidine-rich glycoprotein derived from the nucleotide sequence of its cDNA.

PubMed ID: 3011081

DOI: 10.1021/bi00356a055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8188234

Title: Evidence for the absence of intron H of the histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) gene: genetic mapping and in situ localization of HRG to chromosome 3q28-q29.

PubMed ID: 8188234

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1046

PubMed ID: 1459097

Title: Plasma protein map: an update by microsequencing.

PubMed ID: 1459097

DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301150

PubMed ID: 678554

Title: Human serum histidine-rich glycoprotein. I. Interactions with heme, metal ions and organic ligands.

PubMed ID: 678554

DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(78)90098-3

PubMed ID: 10514432

Title: Differential binding of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) to human IgG subclasses and IgG molecules containing kappa and lambda light chains.

PubMed ID: 10514432

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.42.29633

PubMed ID: 11134179

Title: Histidine-rich glycoprotein inhibits the antiangiogenic effect of thrombospondin-1.

PubMed ID: 11134179

DOI: 10.1172/jci9061

PubMed ID: 12235005

Title: Histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein has potent antiangiogenic activity mediated through the histidine-proline-rich domain.

PubMed ID: 12235005

PubMed ID: 14744774

Title: A fragment of histidine-rich glycoprotein is a potent inhibitor of tumor vascularization.

PubMed ID: 14744774

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1941

PubMed ID: 15313924

Title: Peptides derived from the histidine-proline domain of the histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein bind to tropomyosin and have antiangiogenic and antitumor activities.

PubMed ID: 15313924

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0440

PubMed ID: 15138272

Title: Histidine-rich glycoprotein binds to cell-surface heparan sulfate via its N-terminal domain following Zn2+ chelation.

PubMed ID: 15138272

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m401996200

PubMed ID: 15220341

Title: Plasminogen is tethered with high affinity to the cell surface by the plasma protein, histidine-rich glycoprotein.

PubMed ID: 15220341

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406027200

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16489009

Title: Minimal active domain and mechanism of action of the angiogenesis inhibitor histidine-rich glycoprotein.

PubMed ID: 16489009

DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2217

PubMed ID: 16436387

Title: The anti-angiogenic His/Pro-rich fragment of histidine-rich glycoprotein binds to endothelial cell heparan sulfate in a Zn2+-dependent manner.

PubMed ID: 16436387

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508483200

PubMed ID: 19712047

Title: Regulation of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) function via plasmin-mediated proteolytic cleavage.

PubMed ID: 19712047

DOI: 10.1042/bj20090794

PubMed ID: 19285951

Title: High affinity interaction between histidine-rich glycoprotein and the cell surface type ATP synthase on T-cells.

PubMed ID: 19285951

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.03.005

PubMed ID: 19535045

Title: Histidine-rich glycoprotein and concanavalin A synergistically stimulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent signaling pathway in leukocytes leading to increased cell adhesion and changes in cell morphology.

PubMed ID: 19535045

DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.05.001

PubMed ID: 19786305

Title: Probing the Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) binding affinity of histidine-rich glycoprotein.

PubMed ID: 19786305

DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.09.002

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 19903770

Title: Activated platelets provide a functional microenvironment for the antiangiogenic fragment of histidine-rich glycoprotein.

PubMed ID: 19903770

DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0094

PubMed ID: 20561914

Title: Histidine-rich glycoprotein binds heparanase and regulates its enzymatic activity and cell surface interactions.

PubMed ID: 20561914

DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.05.008

PubMed ID: 20573803

Title: Histidine-rich glycoprotein functions cooperatively with cell surface heparan sulfate on phagocytes to promote necrotic cell uptake.

PubMed ID: 20573803

DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0210087

PubMed ID: 21304106

Title: Histidine-rich glycoprotein binds factor XIIa with high affinity and inhibits contact-initiated coagulation.

PubMed ID: 21304106

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-290551

PubMed ID: 21215706

Title: HRG inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by inducing macrophage polarization and vessel normalization through downregulation of PlGF.

PubMed ID: 21215706

DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.009

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 9414276

Title: HRG Tokushima: molecular and cellular characterization of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) deficiency.

PubMed ID: 9414276

PubMed ID: 11057869

Title: Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) Tokushima 2: novel HRG deficiency, molecular and cellular characterization.

PubMed ID: 11057869

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 525
  • Mass: 59578
  • Checksum: A2B124D6CE93114F
  • Sequence:
    • MKALIAALLL ITLQYSCAVS PTDCSAVEPE AEKALDLINK RRRDGYLFQL LRIADAHLDR 
VENTTVYYLV LDVQESDCSV LSRKYWNDCE PPDSRRPSEI VIGQCKVIAT RHSHESQDLR 
VIDFNCTTSS VSSALANTKD SPVLIDFFED TERYRKQANK ALEKYKEEND DFASFRVDRI 
ERVARVRGGE GTGYFVDFSV RNCPRHHFPR HPNVFGFCRA DLFYDVEALD LESPKNLVIN 
CEVFDPQEHE NINGVPPHLG HPFHWGGHER SSTTKPPFKP HGSRDHHHPH KPHEHGPPPP 
PDERDHSHGP PLPQGPPPLL PMSCSSCQHA TFGTNGAQRH SHNNNSSDLH PHKHHSHEQH 
PHGHHPHAHH PHEHDTHRQH PHGHHPHGHH PHGHHPHGHH PHGHHPHCHD FQDYGPCDPP 
PHNQGHCCHG HGPPPGHLRR RGPGKGPRPF HCRQIGSVYR LPPLRKGEVL PLPEANFPSF 
PLPHHKHPLK PDNQPFPQSV SESCPGKFKS GFPQVSMFFT HTFPK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.