Details for: PRKN

Gene ID: 5071

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PRKN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000185345

Description: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 61.87
    rCSI 76.97%
    PRS 59.75
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 60.03
    rCSI 71.7%
    PRS 61.93
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 56.53
    rCSI 72.88%
    PRS 62.93
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 55.83
    rCSI 71.69%
    PRS 70.06
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 54.68
    rCSI 74.82%
    PRS 71.53
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 51.44
    rCSI 73.81%
    PRS 69.61
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 45.79
    rCSI 73.64%
    PRS 63.46
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 42.33
    rCSI 74.75%
    PRS 61.12
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 41.33
    rCSI 69.38%
    PRS 61.8
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 38.93
    rCSI 70.73%
    PRS 71.26
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 32.92
    rCSI 52.98%
    PRS 69.79
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 32.4
    rCSI 72.64%
    PRS 62.57
  • astrocyte CL0000127
    CSI 31.57
    rCSI 67.27%
    PRS 54.55
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 31.02
    rCSI 35.83%
    PRS 71.89
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 30.49
    rCSI 24.1%
    PRS 68.45
  • oligodendrocyte precursor cell CL0002453
    CSI 30.29
    rCSI 66.66%
    PRS 62.8
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 28.89
    rCSI 46.09%
    PRS 71.41
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 28.27
    rCSI 68.7%
    PRS 59.82
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 27.74
    rCSI 29.73%
    PRS 80.95
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 25.28
    rCSI 18.72%
    PRS 73.29
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 25.08
    rCSI 55.41%
    PRS 65.58
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 23.19
    rCSI 21.58%
    PRS 80.57
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 23.19
    rCSI 32.87%
    PRS 76.41
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 23.03
    rCSI 72.03%
    PRS 65.84
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 23.03
    rCSI 45.72%
    PRS 75.55
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 22.8
    rCSI 73.37%
    PRS 76.66
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 22.68
    rCSI 60.4%
    PRS 67.67
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 22.33
    rCSI 69.78%
    PRS 63.46
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 22.11
    rCSI 57.15%
    PRS 75.14
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 20.22
    rCSI 41.96%
    PRS 76.52
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 19.76
    rCSI 57.26%
    PRS 69.37
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 19.35
    rCSI 49.09%
    PRS 70.14
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 19.34
    rCSI 38.83%
    PRS 69.98
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 19.08
    rCSI 49.58%
    PRS 80.62
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 19.08
    rCSI 41.39%
    PRS 67.56
  • subcutaneous adipocyte CL0002521
    CSI 18.98
    rCSI 97.19%
    PRS 83.03
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 18.96
    rCSI 68.24%
    PRS 59.71
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 18.5
    rCSI 69.92%
    PRS 62.3
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 18.31
    rCSI 42.26%
    PRS 67.8
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 18.12
    rCSI 44.25%
    PRS 72.21
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 18.07
    rCSI 31.68%
    PRS 73.6
  • kidney collecting duct principal cell CL1001431
    CSI 17.97
    rCSI 90.43%
    PRS 77.15
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 17.97
    rCSI 61.54%
    PRS 66.23
  • kidney interstitial fibroblast CL1000692
    CSI 17.85
    rCSI 94.88%
    PRS 69.92
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 17.84
    rCSI 72.67%
    PRS 71.95
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 17.76
    rCSI 50.47%
    PRS 75.86
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 17.61
    rCSI 32.99%
    PRS 68.23
  • myeloid cell CL0000763
    CSI 17.46
    rCSI 71.92%
    PRS 86.74
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 17.33
    rCSI 30.55%
    PRS 75.35
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 17.3
    rCSI 35.1%
    PRS 58.34
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 17.06
    rCSI 44.48%
    PRS 80.85
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 16.94
    rCSI 55.68%
    PRS 66.08
  • mural cell CL0008034
    CSI 16.9
    rCSI 57.26%
    PRS 75.45
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 16.72
    rCSI 27.38%
    PRS 69.29
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 16.43
    rCSI 37.5%
    PRS 71.32
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 16.31
    rCSI 72.86%
    PRS 64.09
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 15.83
    rCSI 27.39%
    PRS 71.36
  • S cone cell CL0003050
    CSI 15.76
    rCSI 69.25%
    PRS 74.99
  • mesothelial cell CL0000077
    CSI 15.54
    rCSI 60.76%
    PRS 58.44
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 15.27
    rCSI 37.8%
    PRS 79.36
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 14.9
    rCSI 39.83%
    PRS 71.58
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 14.71
    rCSI 26.43%
    PRS 73.14
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 13.89
    rCSI 21.55%
    PRS 83.88
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 13.61
    rCSI 34.99%
    PRS 76.64
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 13.54
    rCSI 50.72%
    PRS 72.24
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 13.54
    rCSI 21.53%
    PRS 72.76
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 13.33
    rCSI 16.58%
    PRS 80.75
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 13.1
    rCSI 34.12%
    PRS 74.76
  • contractile cell CL0000183
    CSI 12.51
    rCSI 36.92%
    PRS 78.86
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 12.51
    rCSI 13.7%
    PRS 81.61
  • oligodendrocyte CL0000128
    CSI 12.38
    rCSI 36.59%
    PRS 71.6
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 12.38
    rCSI 28.31%
    PRS 80.48
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 12.36
    rCSI 32.61%
    PRS 86.2
  • central nervous system macrophage CL0000878
    CSI 12.21
    rCSI 40.48%
    PRS 84.36
  • smooth muscle cell CL0000192
    CSI 12.07
    rCSI 28.8%
    PRS 76.55
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 12.01
    rCSI 51.05%
    PRS 72.26
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 11.97
    rCSI 33%
    PRS 74.96
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 11.91
    rCSI 15.61%
    PRS 89.81
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 11.8
    rCSI 69.49%
    PRS 62.56
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 11.57
    rCSI 65.4%
    PRS 65.81
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 11.46
    rCSI 25.22%
    PRS 83.39
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 11.35
    rCSI 70.87%
    PRS 71.31
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 11.29
    rCSI 56.13%
    PRS 74.73
  • microglial cell CL0000129
    CSI 11.14
    rCSI 44.84%
    PRS 81.38
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 11.03
    rCSI 44.48%
    PRS 79.4
  • kidney collecting duct intercalated cell CL1001432
    CSI 10.95
    rCSI 78.19%
    PRS 78.09
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 10.74
    rCSI 34.93%
    PRS 77.55
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 10.66
    rCSI 18.8%
    PRS 84.83
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 10.54
    rCSI 14.6%
    PRS 77.07
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 10.52
    rCSI 33.65%
    PRS 77.08
  • mature microglial cell CL0002629
    CSI 9.9
    rCSI 41.13%
    PRS 80.41
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 9.89
    rCSI 20.33%
    PRS 67.34
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 9.64
    rCSI 22.98%
    PRS 80
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 9.52
    rCSI 14.54%
    PRS 79.98
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 9.47
    rCSI 7.69%
    PRS 79.11
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 9.45
    rCSI 23.91%
    PRS 84.9
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 9.43
    rCSI 13.86%
    PRS 72.78
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 9.39
    rCSI 69.03%
    PRS 67.24
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 9.02
    rCSI 21.56%
    PRS 66.82
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 8.85
    rCSI 14.57%
    PRS 83.49
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 82.4%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 85.3%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 86.5%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 86.5%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 87.5%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 7.3%
    PRS 86.8%
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 27.9%
    PRS 76.2%
  • diffuse bipolar 4 cell CL4033031
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 30.6%
    PRS 68.9%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 66.9%
    PRS 60.7%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 67.1%
    PRS 60.2%
  • airway submucosal gland duct basal cell CL4033024
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 18.9%
    PRS 85.1%
  • starburst amacrine cell CL0004232
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 25.0%
    PRS 67.8%
  • invaginating midget bipolar cell CL4033034
    CSI 3.0
    rCSI 17.7%
    PRS 71.7%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 25.7%
    PRS 73.9%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 8.8%
    PRS 84.5%
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 68.3%
    PRS 71.0%
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 68.8%
    PRS 69.8%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 72.0%
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 25.7%
    PRS 70.6%
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 83.9%
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 10.4%
    PRS 74.9%
  • enteroglial cell CL4040002
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 19.5%
    PRS 81.2%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 17.4%
    PRS 68.3%
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 83.0%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 81.3%
  • mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 22.8%
    PRS 83.1%
  • tissue-resident macrophage CL0000864
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 19.1%
    PRS 90.5%
  • flat midget bipolar cell CL4033033
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 30.0%
    PRS 71.0%
  • diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 23.5%
    PRS 71.3%
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 88.4%
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 21.6%
    PRS 71.5%
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 31.8%
    PRS 72.8%
  • cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell CL0010006
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 33.3%
    PRS 73.1%
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 68.9%
    PRS 70.9%
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 85.8%
  • kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 45.1%
    PRS 74.8%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 5.4
    rCSI 9.6%
    PRS 78.9%
  • endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022
    CSI 5.4
    rCSI 16.7%
    PRS 84.0%
  • mature T cell CL0002419
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 92.5%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 83.6%
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 36.9%
    PRS 60.5%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 23.4%
    PRS 70.9%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 29.8%
    PRS 76.4%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 6.3
    rCSI 13.8%
    PRS 87.3%
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI 6.5
    rCSI 50.5%
    PRS 74.2%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 30.5%
    PRS 80.3%
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 59.7%
    PRS 68.0%
  • H1 horizontal cell CL0004217
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 27.5%
    PRS 75.6%
  • diffuse bipolar 3b cell CL4033030
    CSI 7.0
    rCSI 46.3%
    PRS 74.8%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 7.3
    rCSI 17.5%
    PRS 83.0%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 7.4
    rCSI 11.8%
    PRS 83.4%
  • basophil CL0000767
    CSI 7.5
    rCSI 15.8%
    PRS 90.5%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 7.9
    rCSI 45.3%
    PRS 76.6%
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 7.9
    rCSI 43.0%
    PRS 76.5%
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 7.9
    rCSI 26.4%
    PRS 63.8%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 8.0
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 83.9%
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 8.0
    rCSI 70.0%
    PRS 68.1%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 8.3
    rCSI 11.0%
    PRS 78.3%
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 8.3
    rCSI 39.5%
    PRS 79.7%
  • brain vascular cell CL4023072
    CSI 8.3
    rCSI 85.8%
    PRS 73.6%
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 8.4
    rCSI 12.8%
    PRS 76.6%
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 8.9
    rCSI 14.6%
    PRS 83.5%
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 9.0
    rCSI 21.6%
    PRS 66.8%
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 9.4
    rCSI 69.0%
    PRS 67.2%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 9.4
    rCSI 13.9%
    PRS 72.8%
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 9.5
    rCSI 23.9%
    PRS 84.9%
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 9.5
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 79.1%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 9.5
    rCSI 14.5%
    PRS 80.0%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 9.6
    rCSI 23.0%
    PRS 80.0%
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 9.9
    rCSI 20.3%
    PRS 67.3%
  • mature microglial cell CL0002629
    CSI 9.9
    rCSI 41.1%
    PRS 80.4%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 10.5
    rCSI 33.7%
    PRS 77.1%
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 10.5
    rCSI 14.6%
    PRS 77.1%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 10.7
    rCSI 18.8%
    PRS 84.8%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 10.7
    rCSI 34.9%
    PRS 77.6%
  • kidney collecting duct intercalated cell CL1001432
    CSI 11.0
    rCSI 78.2%
    PRS 78.1%
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 11.0
    rCSI 44.5%
    PRS 79.4%
  • microglial cell CL0000129
    CSI 11.1
    rCSI 44.8%
    PRS 81.4%
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 11.3
    rCSI 56.1%
    PRS 74.7%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 11.4
    rCSI 70.9%
    PRS 71.3%
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 11.5
    rCSI 25.2%
    PRS 83.4%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 11.6
    rCSI 65.4%
    PRS 65.8%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 11.8
    rCSI 69.5%
    PRS 62.6%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 11.9
    rCSI 15.6%
    PRS 89.8%
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 12.0
    rCSI 33.0%
    PRS 75.0%
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 12.0
    rCSI 51.1%
    PRS 72.3%
  • smooth muscle cell CL0000192
    CSI 12.1
    rCSI 28.8%
    PRS 76.6%
  • central nervous system macrophage CL0000878
    CSI 12.2
    rCSI 40.5%
    PRS 84.4%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 12.4
    rCSI 32.6%
    PRS 86.2%
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 12.4
    rCSI 28.3%
    PRS 80.5%
  • oligodendrocyte CL0000128
    CSI 12.4
    rCSI 36.6%
    PRS 71.6%
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 12.5
    rCSI 13.7%
    PRS 81.6%
  • contractile cell CL0000183
    CSI 12.5
    rCSI 36.9%
    PRS 78.9%
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 13.1
    rCSI 34.1%
    PRS 74.8%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 13.3
    rCSI 16.6%
    PRS 80.8%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 13.5
    rCSI 21.5%
    PRS 72.8%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 13.5
    rCSI 50.7%
    PRS 72.2%
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 13.6
    rCSI 35.0%
    PRS 76.6%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 13.9
    rCSI 21.6%
    PRS 83.9%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 14.7
    rCSI 26.4%
    PRS 73.1%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PRKN](/details-gene/5071), also known as Parkin, encodes a crucial RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. Its primary function is in protein ubiquitination, targeting misfolded proteins for degradation and playing a central role in mitochondrial quality control through a process known as mitophagy. As such, it is integral to cellular homeostasis, particularly in cells with high energy demands. Mutations in [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) are a well-established cause of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/33416)), linking its molecular functions directly to neurodegeneration ([OMIM:602544](https://omim.org/entry/602544)). Expression data indicates that **Overall**, [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) shows high significance in various neuronal subtypes, particularly GABAergic cortical interneurons, as well as in glial cells and other metabolically active cell types such as [adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136)s and [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746)s, highlighting its widespread importance in maintaining cellular health. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) strongly points to a fundamental role in the central nervous system and in tissues with high metabolic activity. **Overall**, the gene exhibits its highest significance in several distinct subtypes of inhibitory neurons, including [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018) (CSI: 61.87), [VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016) (CSI: 60.03), and [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017) (CSI: 56.53). This suggests a critical function in maintaining the health and synaptic integrity of these crucial regulatory neurons. Beyond interneurons, [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) is also highly significant in glial and progenitor cell populations. These include [Bergmann glial cell](/details-cell/CL0000644) (CSI: 54.68), [differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor](/details-cell/CL4023059) (CSI: 38.93), and multiple types of [astrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000127)s (CSI: >31). This widespread expression across both neuronal and glial lineages underscores its importance for the general homeostasis of the neural environment. Interestingly, high significance is also observed in non-neural, high-energy-demand cells like [adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136) (CSI: 55.83) and [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746) (CSI: 51.44), suggesting its role in mitochondrial quality control is a broadly conserved requirement in metabolically active tissues. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, a key component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Its molecular function is centered on [ubiquitin protein ligase activity](/details-go/GO:0061630) and [ubiquitin-protein transferase activity](/details-go/GO:0004842), enabling it to tag substrate proteins for degradation. Several studies have confirmed this enzymatic activity and its role in degrading specific proteins ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/77060), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.240347797)). Functionally, these activities are integral to several critical cellular processes. [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) is a central player in [autophagy of mitochondrion](/details-go/GO:0000422), or mitophagy, a pathway essential for clearing damaged mitochondria. The Reactome pathway annotation specifically highlights its role in [PINK1-PRKN mediated mitophagy](/details-reactome/R-HSA-5205685). This process is vital for responding to [cellular response to oxidative stress](/details-go/GO:0034599) and maintaining mitochondrial health, which is consistent with its high expression in energy-intensive cells like neurons. Furthermore, [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) is involved in the [cellular response to unfolded protein](/details-go/GO:0034620) and [aggresome assembly](/details-go/GO:0070842), preventing the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.c000447200)). Its involvement in broader pathways such as [Antigen processing: ubiquitination & proteasome degradation](/details-reactome/R-HSA-983168) suggests a potential, though less characterized, role in the immune system. ## Research Directions The widespread and critical functions of [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) in cellular quality control, particularly within the nervous system, provide fertile ground for further investigation. Based on the available data, several hypotheses can be proposed: 1. **Hypothesis 1:** The high significance of [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) across multiple, functionally distinct GABAergic interneuron subtypes ([pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018), [VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023016), [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017)) suggests that these cells are uniquely vulnerable to mitochondrial stress. The loss of [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) function may therefore lead to a subtype-specific decline in inhibitory neurotransmission, contributing to the circuit imbalances that precede motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** The significant expression of [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) in [adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136)s and [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746)s indicates a conserved role in managing metabolic stress and mitochondrial turnover outside the CNS. Therefore, [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) dysfunction could be a contributing factor to age-related metabolic syndromes or cardiomyopathy through impaired mitochondrial quality control in these tissues. A compelling experimental approach to test Hypothesis 1 would be to utilize single-cell transcriptomics. **Specifically, one could perform single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on cortical and striatal tissue from a PRKN knockout mouse model at various ages and compare it to wild-type littermates. This would enable a direct, cell-type-resolved analysis of transcriptional stress pathways (e.g., unfolded protein response, oxidative stress markers) and mitochondrial gene dysregulation specifically within pvalb-positive, sst-positive, and other interneuron populations. Correlating these molecular signatures with functional deficits measured by slice electrophysiology would provide a powerful link between PRKN-dependent cellular homeostasis and neuronal circuit function.** From a therapeutic perspective, [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) presents a challenging but important target. Because Parkinson's disease associated with [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) mutations is caused by a loss of function, the therapeutic strategy would be **activation or restoration** of the pathway. Gene therapy approaches aiming to re-introduce a functional copy of [PRKN](/details-gene/5071) into affected neurons represent a potential long-term solution. A more readily achievable strategy may involve the development of small-molecule activators of downstream effectors in the mitophagy pathway, which could pharmacologically compensate for the absence of functional Parkin protein and potentially benefit a broader population of Parkinson's patients with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Genular Protein ID: 1055890305

Symbol: PRKN_HUMAN

Name: Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9560156

Title: Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism.

PubMed ID: 9560156

DOI: 10.1038/33416

PubMed ID: 19501131

Title: Evidence for the presence of full-length PARK2 mRNA and Parkin protein in human blood.

PubMed ID: 19501131

DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.05.079

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10319893

Title: Immunohistochemical and subcellular localization of Parkin protein: absence of protein in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism patients.

PubMed ID: 10319893

DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(199905)45:5<668::aid-ana19>3.0.co;2-z

PubMed ID: 10973942

Title: Parkin suppresses unfolded protein stress-induced cell death through its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity.

PubMed ID: 10973942

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c000447200

PubMed ID: 10888878

Title: Familial Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, is a ubiquitin-protein ligase.

PubMed ID: 10888878

DOI: 10.1038/77060

PubMed ID: 11078524

Title: Parkin functions as an E2-dependent ubiquitin-protein ligase and promotes the degradation of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein, CDCrel-1.

PubMed ID: 11078524

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.240347797

PubMed ID: 11439185

Title: An unfolded putative transmembrane polypeptide, which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress, is a substrate of Parkin.

PubMed ID: 11439185

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00407-x

PubMed ID: 11590439

Title: Parkin ubiquitinates the alpha-synuclein-interacting protein, synphilin-1: implications for Lewy-body formation in Parkinson disease.

PubMed ID: 11590439

DOI: 10.1038/nm1001-1144

PubMed ID: 11431533

Title: Ubiquitination of a new form of alpha-synuclein by parkin from human brain: implications for Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 11431533

DOI: 10.1126/science.1060627

PubMed ID: 12446796

Title: Comparative genomics of the RBR family, including the Parkinson's disease-related gene parkin and the genes of the ariadne subfamily.

PubMed ID: 12446796

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004029

PubMed ID: 12150907

Title: CHIP is associated with Parkin, a gene responsible for familial Parkinson's disease, and enhances its ubiquitin ligase activity.

PubMed ID: 12150907

DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00583-x

PubMed ID: 12925569

Title: The autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, interacts with and ubiquitinates synaptotagmin XI.

PubMed ID: 12925569

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg269

PubMed ID: 14532270

Title: A product of the human gene adjacent to parkin is a component of Lewy bodies and suppresses Pael receptor-induced cell death.

PubMed ID: 14532270

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309655200

PubMed ID: 12628165

Title: Parkin is a component of an SCF-like ubiquitin ligase complex and protects postmitotic neurons from kainate excitotoxicity.

PubMed ID: 12628165

DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00084-9

PubMed ID: 14614460

Title: Alterations in the common fragile site gene Parkin in ovarian and other cancers.

PubMed ID: 14614460

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207072

PubMed ID: 12719539

Title: Parkin, a gene implicated in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 6q25-q27.

PubMed ID: 12719539

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0931262100

PubMed ID: 15229644

Title: How does parkin ligate ubiquitin to Parkinson's disease?

PubMed ID: 15229644

DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400188

PubMed ID: 15105460

Title: S-nitrosylation of parkin regulates ubiquitination and compromises parkin's protective function.

PubMed ID: 15105460

DOI: 10.1126/science.1093891

PubMed ID: 15987638

Title: Parkin interacts with the proteasome subunit alpha4.

PubMed ID: 15987638

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.003

PubMed ID: 15728840

Title: Parkin mediates nonclassical, proteasomal-independent ubiquitination of synphilin-1: implications for Lewy body formation.

PubMed ID: 15728840

DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4474-04.2005

PubMed ID: 16135753

Title: Accumulation of the authentic parkin substrate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cofactor, p38/JTV-1, leads to catecholaminergic cell death.

PubMed ID: 16135753

DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2172-05.2005

PubMed ID: 16352719

Title: Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) interacts with parkin and mutant LRRK2 induces neuronal degeneration.

PubMed ID: 16352719

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508052102

PubMed ID: 16332688

Title: Parkin ubiquitinates and promotes the degradation of RanBP2.

PubMed ID: 16332688

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504994200

PubMed ID: 16955485

Title: Functional modulation of parkin through physical interaction with SUMO-1.

PubMed ID: 16955485

DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21041

PubMed ID: 17846173

Title: Parkin-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination targets misfolded DJ-1 to aggresomes via binding to HDAC6.

PubMed ID: 17846173

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200611128

PubMed ID: 18957282

Title: PINK1 controls mitochondrial localization of Parkin through direct phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18957282

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.104

PubMed ID: 19029340

Title: Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy.

PubMed ID: 19029340

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200809125

PubMed ID: 18541373

Title: Parkin is ubiquitinated by Nrdp1 and abrogates Nrdp1-induced oxidative stress.

PubMed ID: 18541373

DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.052

PubMed ID: 19229105

Title: Parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1 form a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex promoting unfolded protein degradation.

PubMed ID: 19229105

DOI: 10.1172/jci37617

PubMed ID: 19801972

Title: Transcriptional repression of p53 by parkin and impairment by mutations associated with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 19801972

DOI: 10.1038/ncb1981

PubMed ID: 20798600

Title: The PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is compromised by PD-associated mutations.

PubMed ID: 20798600

DOI: 10.4161/auto.6.7.13286

PubMed ID: 20889974

Title: Parkin mono-ubiquitinates Bcl-2 and regulates autophagy.

PubMed ID: 20889974

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.101469

PubMed ID: 19966284

Title: PINK1-dependent recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria in mitophagy.

PubMed ID: 19966284

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911187107

PubMed ID: 21376232

Title: PARIS (ZNF746) repression of PGC-1alpha contributes to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 21376232

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.010

PubMed ID: 20889486

Title: Molecular chaperone-mediated rescue of mitophagy by a Parkin RING1 domain mutant.

PubMed ID: 20889486

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq428

PubMed ID: 21753002

Title: Parkin interacts with Ambra1 to induce mitophagy.

PubMed ID: 21753002

DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1917-11.2011

PubMed ID: 21532592

Title: UBCH7 reactivity profile reveals parkin and HHARI to be RING/HECT hybrids.

PubMed ID: 21532592

DOI: 10.1038/nature09966

PubMed ID: 22082830

Title: Parkin interacts with Klokin1 for mitochondrial import and maintenance of membrane potential.

PubMed ID: 22082830

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr530

PubMed ID: 22396657

Title: Parkinson's disease-associated kinase PINK1 regulates Miro protein level and axonal transport of mitochondria.

PubMed ID: 22396657

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002537

PubMed ID: 23754282

Title: Parkin-catalyzed ubiquitin-ester transfer is triggered by PINK1-dependent phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 23754282

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.467530

PubMed ID: 23685073

Title: Mutations in the intellectual disability gene Ube2a cause neuronal dysfunction and impair parkin-dependent mitophagy.

PubMed ID: 23685073

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.012

PubMed ID: 23933751

Title: The Parkinson's disease-linked proteins Fbxo7 and Parkin interact to mediate mitophagy.

PubMed ID: 23933751

DOI: 10.1038/nn.3489

PubMed ID: 24270810

Title: High-content genome-wide RNAi screens identify regulators of parkin upstream of mitophagy.

PubMed ID: 24270810

DOI: 10.1038/nature12748

PubMed ID: 23770917

Title: A molecular explanation for the recessive nature of parkin-linked Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 23770917

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2983

PubMed ID: 23620051

Title: PINK1-phosphorylated mitofusin 2 is a Parkin receptor for culling damaged mitochondria.

PubMed ID: 23620051

DOI: 10.1126/science.1231031

PubMed ID: 24660806

Title: Parkin is activated by PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of ubiquitin at Ser65.

PubMed ID: 24660806

DOI: 10.1042/bj20140334

PubMed ID: 24898855

Title: MUL1 acts in parallel to the PINK1/parkin pathway in regulating mitofusin and compensates for loss of PINK1/parkin.

PubMed ID: 24898855

DOI: 10.7554/elife.01958

PubMed ID: 25474007

Title: Phosphorylation of mitochondrial polyubiquitin by PINK1 promotes Parkin mitochondrial tethering.

PubMed ID: 25474007

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004861

PubMed ID: 24751536

Title: PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin to activate Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.

PubMed ID: 24751536

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402104

PubMed ID: 24784582

Title: Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin.

PubMed ID: 24784582

DOI: 10.1038/nature13392

PubMed ID: 24896179

Title: The mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 opposes parkin-mediated mitophagy.

PubMed ID: 24896179

DOI: 10.1038/nature13418

PubMed ID: 25527291

Title: Ubiquitin Ser65 phosphorylation affects ubiquitin structure, chain assembly and hydrolysis.

PubMed ID: 25527291

DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489847

PubMed ID: 25621951

Title: USP30 and parkin homeostatically regulate atypical ubiquitin chains on mitochondria.

PubMed ID: 25621951

DOI: 10.1038/ncb3097

PubMed ID: 27534820

Title: Covalent ISG15 conjugation positively regulates the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of parkin.

PubMed ID: 27534820

DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160193

PubMed ID: 32047033

Title: Decision between mitophagy and apoptosis by Parkin via VDAC1 ubiquitination.

PubMed ID: 32047033

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909814117

PubMed ID: 33499712

Title: Mammalian BCAS3 and C16orf70 associate with the phagophore assembly site in response to selective and non-selective autophagy.

PubMed ID: 33499712

DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1874133

PubMed ID: 12634850

Title: Parkin binds the Rpn10 subunit of 26S proteasomes through its ubiquitin-like domain.

PubMed ID: 12634850

DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.embor764

PubMed ID: 17360614

Title: Structure of the Parkin in-between-ring domain provides insights for E3-ligase dysfunction in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 17360614

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610548104

PubMed ID: 23727886

Title: Structure of the human Parkin ligase domain in an autoinhibited state.

PubMed ID: 23727886

DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.125

PubMed ID: 23770887

Title: Structure and function of Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase reveals aspects of RING and HECT ligases.

PubMed ID: 23770887

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2982

PubMed ID: 14976155

Title: Parkin genetics: one model for Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 14976155

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh089

PubMed ID: 9731209

Title: Point mutations (Thr240Arg and Gln311Stop) in the Parkin gene.

PubMed ID: 9731209

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9134

PubMed ID: 10072423

Title: A wide variety of mutations in the parkin gene are responsible for autosomal recessive parkinsonism in Europe.

PubMed ID: 10072423

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.4.567

PubMed ID: 10511432

Title: Association of codon 167 Ser/Asn heterozygosity in the parkin gene with sporadic Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 10511432

DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199909090-00008

PubMed ID: 10939576

Title: Novel mutations, pseudo-dominant inheritance, and possible familial affects in patients with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism.

PubMed ID: 10939576

DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200008)48:2<245::aid-ana15>3.3.co;2-u

PubMed ID: 10965160

Title: Polymorphisms of the parkin gene in sporadic Parkinson's disease among Chinese in Taiwan.

PubMed ID: 10965160

DOI: 10.1159/000008203

PubMed ID: 10824074

Title: Association between early-onset Parkinson's disease and mutations in the parkin gene.

PubMed ID: 10824074

DOI: 10.1056/nejm200005253422103

PubMed ID: 11179010

Title: Origin of the mutations in the parkin gene in Europe: exon rearrangements are independent recurrent events, whereas point mutations may result from founder effects.

PubMed ID: 11179010

DOI: 10.1086/318791

PubMed ID: 11487568

Title: The importance of gene dosage studies: mutational analysis of the parkin gene in early-onset parkinsonism.

PubMed ID: 11487568

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.16.1649

PubMed ID: 11163284

Title: A novel Cys212Tyr founder mutation in parkin and allelic heterogeneity of juvenile parkinsonism in a population from North West Colombia.

PubMed ID: 11163284

DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01733-x

PubMed ID: 12116199

Title: Complex relationship between parkin mutations and Parkinson disease.

PubMed ID: 12116199

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10525

PubMed ID: 12112109

Title: Role of parkin mutations in 111 community-based patients with early-onset parkinsonism.

PubMed ID: 12112109

DOI: 10.1002/ana.10179

PubMed ID: 12056932

Title: Molecular findings in familial Parkinson disease in Spain.

PubMed ID: 12056932

DOI: 10.1001/archneur.59.6.966

PubMed ID: 12114481

Title: Linkage stratification and mutation analysis at the parkin locus identifies mutation positive Parkinson's disease families.

PubMed ID: 12114481

DOI: 10.1136/jmg.39.7.489

PubMed ID: 12397156

Title: Relative high frequency of the c.255delA parkin gene mutation in Spanish patients with autosomal recessive parkinsonism.

PubMed ID: 12397156

DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.73.5.582

PubMed ID: 11971093

Title: Evaluation of 50 probands with early-onset Parkinson's disease for parkin mutations.

PubMed ID: 11971093

DOI: 10.1212/wnl.58.8.1239

PubMed ID: 12362318

Title: A new point mutation on exon 2 of parkin gene in Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 12362318

PubMed ID: 12730996

Title: Parkin mutations and susceptibility alleles in late-onset Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 12730996

DOI: 10.1002/ana.10524

PubMed ID: 12629236

Title: Heterozygosity for a mutation in the parkin gene leads to later onset Parkinson disease.

PubMed ID: 12629236

DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000049470.00180.07

PubMed ID: 12781599

Title: Parkin mutations are rare in patients with young-onset parkinsonism in a US population.

PubMed ID: 12781599

DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(03)00018-x

PubMed ID: 15584030

Title: Novel parkin mutations detected in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 15584030

DOI: 10.1002/mds.20343

PubMed ID: 20404107

Title: PINK1 stabilized by mitochondrial depolarization recruits Parkin to damaged mitochondria and activates latent Parkin for mitophagy.

PubMed ID: 20404107

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200910140

PubMed ID: 22956510

Title: Systematic review and UK-based study of PARK2 (parkin), PINK1, PARK7 (DJ-1) and LRRK2 in early-onset Parkinson's disease.

PubMed ID: 22956510

DOI: 10.1002/mds.25132

PubMed ID: 27535533

Title: Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans.

PubMed ID: 27535533

DOI: 10.1038/nature19057

PubMed ID: 29311685

Title: Synaptotagmin-11 is a critical mediator of parkin-linked neurotoxicity and Parkinson's disease-like pathology.

PubMed ID: 29311685

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02593-y

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 465
  • Mass: 51641
  • Checksum: 9A8BB802A3FC84C3
  • Sequence:
  • MIVFVRFNSS HGFPVEVDSD TSIFQLKEVV AKRQGVPADQ LRVIFAGKEL RNDWTVQNCD 
    LDQQSIVHIV QRPWRKGQEM NATGGDDPRN AAGGCEREPQ SLTRVDLSSS VLPGDSVGLA 
    VILHTDSRKD SPPAGSPAGR SIYNSFYVYC KGPCQRVQPG KLRVQCSTCR QATLTLTQGP 
    SCWDDVLIPN RMSGECQSPH CPGTSAEFFF KCGAHPTSDK ETSVALHLIA TNSRNITCIT 
    CTDVRSPVLV FQCNSRHVIC LDCFHLYCVT RLNDRQFVHD PQLGYSLPCV AGCPNSLIKE 
    LHHFRILGEE QYNRYQQYGA EECVLQMGGV LCPRPGCGAG LLPEPDQRKV TCEGGNGLGC 
    GFAFCRECKE AYHEGECSAV FEASGTTTQA YRVDERAAEQ ARWEAASKET IKKTTKPCPR 
    CHVPVEKNGG CMHMKCPQPQ CRLEWCWNCG CEWNRVCMGD HWFDV