Details for: GNAT2

Gene ID: 2780

Symbol: GNAT2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134183

Description: G protein subunit alpha transducin 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 6.6629
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 1.0829
    Cell Significance Index: 15.2100
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.4291
    Cell Significance Index: 10.4000
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.2232
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2400
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: 0.2019
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5200
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.1125
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0778
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0000
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0539
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4500
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0334
    Cell Significance Index: 23.1300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7600
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0183
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3000
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: 0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7400
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0066
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0080
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.0110
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0112
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0157
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0170
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0195
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0208
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0210
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0214
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0223
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0253
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0255
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0269
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3600
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0275
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0282
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: common dendritic progenitor (CL0001029)
    Fold Change: -0.0317
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0317
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0320
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0334
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: -0.0365
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0368
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.0369
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0380
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9800
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0384
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0386
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0409
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0433
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: -0.0437
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0449
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: -0.0475
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0487
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0491
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0505
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0520
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0527
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.0540
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.0561
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: -0.0563
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: -0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** GNAT2 is a member of the G protein subunit alpha family, which consists of four subunits (Gαs, Gαi, Gαq, and Gα12/13). The Gαi subunit, encoded by the GNAT2 gene, is a key regulator of adenylate cyclase activity, which is essential for the detection of chemical and light stimuli. GNAT2 is also involved in the regulation of calcium ion concentration, dopamine metabolic processes, and the response to organic cyclic compounds. **Pathways and Functions** GNAT2 is involved in various signaling pathways, including: 1. **Adenylate cyclase-modulating g protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway**: GNAT2 regulates the activity of adenylate cyclase, which is essential for the detection of chemical stimuli involved in bitter taste and visual perception. 2. **Beta-catenin independent Wnt signaling**: GNAT2 modulates Wnt signaling pathways, which are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. 3. **Ca2+ pathway**: GNAT2 regulates calcium ion concentration, which is essential for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction and neuronal signaling. 4. **Cell morphogenesis**: GNAT2 is involved in the regulation of cell shape and morphology, which is crucial for tissue development and homeostasis. 5. **Phototransduction**: GNAT2 plays a key role in the detection of light stimuli involved in visual perception. **Clinical Significance** GNAT2 mutations have been associated with various disorders, including: 1. **Bitter taste disorder**: Mutations in GNAT2 have been linked to impaired bitter taste perception, which can affect food preferences and dietary habits. 2. **Visual disorders**: GNAT2 mutations have been associated with visual impairments, including cone and rod photoreceptor degeneration. 3. **Neurological disorders**: GNAT2 mutations have been linked to neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. In conclusion, GNAT2 is a crucial gene that plays a significant role in various cellular processes, including sensory perception, visual perception, and cellular signaling pathways. Its involvement in various disorders highlights the importance of GNAT2 in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to environmental stimuli. Further research is necessary to fully understand the functions and clinical significance of GNAT2.

Genular Protein ID: 3872423498

Symbol: GNAT2_HUMAN

Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P19087

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 7 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 4 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 36 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneReviews 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 2 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2534964

Title: Alpha transducin is present in blue-, green-, and red-sensitive cone photoreceptors in the human retina.

PubMed ID: 2534964

DOI: 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90261-4

PubMed ID: 1936270

Title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA for the human cone transducin alpha subunit.

PubMed ID: 1936270

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)81294-i

PubMed ID: 8406495

Title: Characterization of the gene encoding human cone transducin alpha-subunit (GNAT2).

PubMed ID: 8406495

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1345

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12077706

Title: Mutations in the cone photoreceptor G-protein alpha-subunit gene GNAT2 in patients with achromatopsia.

PubMed ID: 12077706

DOI: 10.1086/341835

PubMed ID: 15712225

Title: Cone cGMP-gated channel mutations and clinical findings in patients with achromatopsia, macular degeneration, and other hereditary cone diseases.

PubMed ID: 15712225

DOI: 10.1002/humu.20142

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 354
  • Mass: 40176
  • Checksum: BFF8D50C024F18DA
  • Sequence:
    • MGSGASAEDK ELAKRSKELE KKLQEDADKE AKTVKLLLLG AGESGKSTIV KQMKIIHQDG 
YSPEECLEFK AIIYGNVLQS ILAIIRAMTT LGIDYAEPSC ADDGRQLNNL ADSIEEGTMP 
PELVEVIRRL WKDGGVQACF ERAAEYQLND SASYYLNQLE RITDPEYLPS EQDVLRSRVK 
TTGIIETKFS VKDLNFRMFD VGGQRSERKK WIHCFEGVTC IIFCAALSAY DMVLVEDDEV 
NRMHESLHLF NSICNHKFFA ATSIVLFLNK KDLFEEKIKK VHLSICFPEY DGNNSYDDAG 
NYIKSQFLDL NMRKDVKEIY SHMTCATDTQ NVKFVFDAVT DIIIKENLKD CGLF

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.