Details for: GPT

Gene ID: 2875

Symbol: GPT

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000167701

Description: glutamic--pyruvic transaminase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 42.3028
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 29.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3600
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 17.8951
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2700
  • Cell Name: sebaceous gland cell (CL2000021)
    Fold Change: 8.7648
    Cell Significance Index: 11.3400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 7.5832
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2400
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 7.2773
    Cell Significance Index: 104.2900
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 6.7434
    Cell Significance Index: 76.3400
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 5.8153
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1700
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 3.2159
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 2.2524
    Cell Significance Index: 33.7500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.9115
    Cell Significance Index: 86.6400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 1.8652
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.5896
    Cell Significance Index: 302.5200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.5574
    Cell Significance Index: 33.7400
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous adipocyte (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 1.3002
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6600
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 1.2320
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2500
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 1.1469
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5100
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 1.1315
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.6970
    Cell Significance Index: 629.3000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6587
    Cell Significance Index: 65.1600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.6407
    Cell Significance Index: 18.4600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.5950
    Cell Significance Index: 64.7200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.5836
    Cell Significance Index: 27.2100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4260
    Cell Significance Index: 69.2900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.4259
    Cell Significance Index: 13.6400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.4083
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4700
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 0.3183
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0800
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 0.3094
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2981
    Cell Significance Index: 20.6200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.2968
    Cell Significance Index: 22.7800
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.2835
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7800
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: 0.2528
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5700
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.2010
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.1772
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6800
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 0.1621
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1161
    Cell Significance Index: 23.0500
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1073
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.0994
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0970
    Cell Significance Index: 11.3000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0927
    Cell Significance Index: 40.9700
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0847
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0531
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.0407
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0242
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0400
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0063
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0072
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6300
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0149
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0251
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0290
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: -0.0419
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0457
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0490
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0503
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9100
  • Cell Name: large intestine goblet cell (CL1000320)
    Fold Change: -0.0507
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0515
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2600
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0523
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0584
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0697
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2600
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.0702
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0736
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0869
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of large intestine (CL0009016)
    Fold Change: -0.0904
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0925
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2200
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.1035
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1055
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8700
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.1155
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7400
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: -0.1172
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1246
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1319
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1100
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.1325
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3100
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1335
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1352
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1428
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: -0.1430
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1465
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1473
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1499
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GPT is a transaminase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from glutamate to pyruvate, resulting in the production of alanine and α-ketoglutarate. This reaction is a crucial step in the metabolism of amino acids, particularly in the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, which is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle. GPT has a high affinity for pyridoxal phosphate, a cofactor that is essential for its catalytic activity. **Pathways and Functions:** GPT is involved in several metabolic pathways, including: 1. **Alanine metabolism:** GPT plays a critical role in the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, which is then used to produce energy through the citric acid cycle. 2. **Gluconeogenesis:** GPT is involved in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and lactate. 3. **Energy production:** GPT is a key enzyme in the production of energy through the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. 4. **Amino acid catabolism:** GPT is involved in the breakdown of amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, into their corresponding keto acids. **Clinical Significance:** GPT is an important biomarker for various diseases and conditions, including: 1. **Liver disease:** Elevated GPT levels are often associated with liver damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. 2. **Pancreatitis:** GPT is used as a marker for pancreatic injury and inflammation. 3. **Cardiovascular disease:** GPT has been linked to cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. 4. **Cancer:** GPT has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including liver, breast, and colon cancer. In conclusion, GPT is a critical enzyme that plays a vital role in various metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and energy production. Its clinical significance in various diseases and conditions highlights the importance of monitoring GPT levels in patients with liver, pancreatic, cardiovascular, and cancer-related disorders. **Significantly Expressed Cells:** GPT is expressed in various cell types, including: 1. **Type B pancreatic cell:** GPT is highly expressed in type B pancreatic cells, which are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. 2. **Epicardial adipocyte:** GPT is expressed in epicardial adipocytes, which are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. 3. **Enterocyte:** GPT is expressed in enterocytes, which are involved in the absorption of amino acids from the gut. 4. **Colon epithelial cell:** GPT is expressed in colon epithelial cells, which are involved in the regulation of amino acid metabolism. **Proteins:** GPT is encoded by the ALAT1 gene, which is located on chromosome 2q35. The ALAT1 protein is a transmembrane enzyme that is involved in the catalytic activity of GPT.

Genular Protein ID: 332362941

Symbol: ALAT1_HUMAN

Name: Alanine aminotransferase 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P24298 B0YJ18 D3DWM7 P78398 Q93076

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 2 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 5 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 4 EC 2 EMBL 7 Ensembl 2 GO 9 Gene3D 3 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 2 Rhea 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9119391

Title: Human glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT): localization to 8q24.3, cDNA and genomic sequences, and polymorphic sites.

PubMed ID: 9119391

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.4604

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1931970

Title: Complete amino acid sequence of human liver cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (GPT) determined by a combination of conventional and mass spectral methods.

PubMed ID: 1931970

DOI: 10.1021/bi00107a013

PubMed ID: 11863375

Title: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase.

PubMed ID: 11863375

DOI: 10.1006/geno.2002.6722

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 26477546

Title: Joubert Syndrome in French Canadians and Identification of Mutations in CEP104.

PubMed ID: 26477546

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.009

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 496
  • Mass: 54637
  • Checksum: 23705E7A3A4283B6
  • Sequence:
    • MASSTGDRSQ AVRHGLRAKV LTLDGMNPRV RRVEYAVRGP IVQRALELEQ ELRQGVKKPF 
TEVIRANIGD AQAMGQRPIT FLRQVLALCV NPDLLSSPNF PDDAKKRAER ILQACGGHSL 
GAYSVSSGIQ LIREDVARYI ERRDGGIPAD PNNVFLSTGA SDAIVTVLKL LVAGEGHTRT 
GVLIPIPQYP LYSATLAELG AVQVDYYLDE ERAWALDVAE LHRALGQARD HCRPRALCVI 
NPGNPTGQVQ TRECIEAVIR FAFEERLFLL ADEVYQDNVY AAGSQFHSFK KVLMEMGPPY 
AGQQELASFH STSKGYMGEC GFRGGYVEVV NMDAAVQQQM LKLMSVRLCP PVPGQALLDL 
VVSPPAPTDP SFAQFQAEKQ AVLAELAAKA KLTEQVFNEA PGISCNPVQG AMYSFPRVQL 
PPRAVERAQE LGLAPDMFFC LRLLEETGIC VVPGSGFGQR EGTYHFRMTI LPPLEKLRLL 
LEKLSRFHAK FTLEYS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.