Details for: TDO2

Gene ID: 6999

Symbol: TDO2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000151790

Description: tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 15.8060
    Cell Significance Index: 233.3000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 12.7721
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0300
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 8.8857
    Cell Significance Index: 23.4400
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 5.7059
    Cell Significance Index: 96.1200
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 4.1859
    Cell Significance Index: 52.8900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 3.2877
    Cell Significance Index: 20.3400
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 2.8702
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8100
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.3041
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5100
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.9614
    Cell Significance Index: 8.1900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.8308
    Cell Significance Index: 18.0000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.6418
    Cell Significance Index: 20.5600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5708
    Cell Significance Index: 108.6300
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.4866
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9400
  • Cell Name: L5 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030064)
    Fold Change: 0.4280
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6200
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3982
    Cell Significance Index: 39.4000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3730
    Cell Significance Index: 336.8100
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.2619
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7500
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.2098
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1941
    Cell Significance Index: 38.5200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1621
    Cell Significance Index: 26.3600
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: 0.1496
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.1363
    Cell Significance Index: 14.8300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0826
    Cell Significance Index: 16.5700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0632
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3700
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0446
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0416
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0364
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7800
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0194
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0000
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0112
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1000
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0189
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0230
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0299
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0381
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0447
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0515
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0635
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0698
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0753
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6900
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0774
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0789
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: -0.0831
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.0860
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.0941
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0945
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0991
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.1001
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.1031
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1060
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1067
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1086
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1105
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1500
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.1108
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.1195
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2000
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1240
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1249
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7300
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1259
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1276
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6500
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1300
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.1300
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.1318
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1442
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1478
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1486
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1512
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5500
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.1677
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1700
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9900
  • Cell Name: L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030067)
    Fold Change: -0.1700
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.1781
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.1875
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1944
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8500
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.1983
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1600
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.2022
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2064
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3200
  • Cell Name: T-helper 17 cell (CL0000899)
    Fold Change: -0.2111
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.2145
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Subcellular localization**: TDO2 is primarily localized in the mitochondria, where it plays a crucial role in the regulation of tryptophan catabolism. 2. **Enzymatic activity**: TDO2 is a dioxygenase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of tryptophan, resulting in the production of N-formylkynurenine. 3. **Regulation**: TDO2 expression is tightly regulated by various factors, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, to ensure proper tryptophan catabolism and immune response. 4. **Interactions**: TDO2 interacts with various proteins, including heme-binding proteins, to regulate its enzymatic activity and stability. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Tryptophan catabolism**: TDO2 is essential for the catabolism of tryptophan, which is converted into N-formylkynurenine, a precursor for kynurenine. 2. **Kynurenine pathway**: TDO2 is involved in the regulation of the kynurenine pathway, which is a major pathway for tryptophan catabolism. 3. **Heme biosynthesis**: TDO2 plays a role in the regulation of heme biosynthesis by regulating the production of heme and its derivatives. 4. **Immune response**: TDO2 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of tryptophan catabolism and the production of immunomodulatory metabolites. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Neurological disorders**: Alterations in TDO2 expression and activity have been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. 2. **Cancer**: TDO2 has been shown to be overexpressed in various types of cancer, including colon, breast, and lung cancer, suggesting its potential role in cancer development and progression. 3. **Inflammatory diseases**: TDO2 has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory responses, particularly in the context of tryptophan catabolism and the production of immunomodulatory metabolites. 4. **Psychiatric disorders**: TDO2 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of mood and cognitive function, suggesting its potential role in psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. In conclusion, TDO2 is a critical regulator of amino acid metabolism, immune response, and heme biosynthesis. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including neurological disorders, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and psychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of TDO2 in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3017768041

Symbol: T23O_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P48775 A8K053

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 2 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 6 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 3 EC 1 EMBL 4 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 11 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HAMAP 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 14 PDBsum 14 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 1 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8666386

Title: Sequence of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2): presence of a glucocorticoid response-like element composed of a GTT repeat and an intronic CCCCT repeat.

PubMed ID: 8666386

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1995.9990

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 28285122

Title: Hypertryptophanemia due to tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 28285122

DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.02.009

PubMed ID: 25066423

Title: Structural and functional analyses of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase.

PubMed ID: 25066423

DOI: 10.1002/prot.24653

PubMed ID: 27762317

Title: Molecular basis for catalysis and substrate-mediated cellular stabilization of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase.

PubMed ID: 27762317

DOI: 10.1038/srep35169

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 406
  • Mass: 47872
  • Checksum: 1B89901F445B79FE
  • Sequence:
    • MSGCPFLGNN FGYTFKKLPV EGSEEDKSQT GVNRASKGGL IYGNYLHLEK VLNAQELQSE 
TKGNKIHDEH LFIITHQAYE LWFKQILWEL DSVREIFQNG HVRDERNMLK VVSRMHRVSV 
ILKLLVQQFS ILETMTALDF NDFREYLSPA SGFQSLQFRL LENKIGVLQN MRVPYNRRHY 
RDNFKGEENE LLLKSEQEKT LLELVEAWLE RTPGLEPHGF NFWGKLEKNI TRGLEEEFIR 
IQAKEESEEK EEQVAEFQKQ KEVLLSLFDE KRHEHLLSKG ERRLSYRALQ GALMIYFYRE 
EPRFQVPFQL LTSLMDIDSL MTKWRYNHVC MVHRMLGSKA GTGGSSGYHY LRSTVSDRYK 
VFVDLFNLST YLIPRHWIPK MNPTIHKFLY TAEYCDSSYF SSDESD

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.