Details for: FGF1

Gene ID: 2246

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: FGF1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113578

Description: fibroblast growth factor 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 19.13
    rCSI 30.79%
    PRS 83.52
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 12.3
    rCSI 54.66%
    PRS 91.27
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 10.05
    rCSI 23.21%
    PRS 82.11
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 6.96
    rCSI 10.69%
    PRS 79.59
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 4.68
    rCSI 8.24%
    PRS 87.08
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 4.48
    rCSI 30.51%
    PRS 83.27
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 4.39
    rCSI 10.02%
    PRS 84.7
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 3.65
    rCSI 6.41%
    PRS 87.48
  • mural cell CL0008034
    CSI 3.08
    rCSI 10.45%
    PRS 86.93
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.96
    rCSI 11.1%
    PRS 86.56
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 3.78%
    PRS 83.16
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.54
    rCSI 3.64%
    PRS 83.4
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 3.63%
    PRS 86.09
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 76.37
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 2.98%
    PRS 83.69
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 2.14
    rCSI 4.02%
    PRS 82.99
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 2.48%
    PRS 78.57
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2
    rCSI 2.58%
    PRS 79.61
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 6.09%
    PRS 88.36
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 1.79
    rCSI 4.95%
    PRS 88.3
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 1.74
    rCSI 3.46%
    PRS 87.65
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 84.99
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.47
    rCSI 3.29%
    PRS 78.91
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.44
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 77.95
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 1.42
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 88.5
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.39
    rCSI 11.29%
    PRS 88.31
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.36
    rCSI 2.19%
    PRS 79.4
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 1.22
    rCSI 5.38%
    PRS 80.7
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 1.12
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 90.27
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 1.12
    rCSI 3.59%
    PRS 87.56
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 1.07
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 76.37
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.04
    rCSI 1.75%
    PRS 78.53
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 1.03
    rCSI 9.05%
    PRS 78.94
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 0.97
    rCSI 3.71%
    PRS 84.68
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.85
    rCSI 2.65%
    PRS 79.84
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.82
    rCSI 2.94%
    PRS 76.56
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.75
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 78.7
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.66
    rCSI 2.07%
    PRS 81.49
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.55
    rCSI 3.23%
    PRS 78.96
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 0.51
    rCSI 3.16%
    PRS 85.03
  • kidney granular cell CL0000648
    CSI 0.29
    rCSI 4.16%
    PRS 91.21

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [FGF1](/details-gene/2246), or Fibroblast Growth Factor 1, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5q31.3. It is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, which are potent mitogens and crucial regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. As a signaling molecule, [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) primarily functions as a ligand for fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), initiating downstream signaling cascades involved in processes such as [angiogenesis](/details-link/GO:0001525), [wound healing](/details-link/GO:0042060), and embryonic development ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3523756)). **Overall**, expression data reveals its highest significance in highly specialized cell types, including [retinal cone cell](/details-cell/CL0000573), kidney [podocyte](/details-cell/CL0000653), and various neuronal subtypes, suggesting a critical role in the maintenance and function of neural and renal tissues. Clinically, it is associated with conditions listed under OMIM entry [131220](https://omim.org/entry/131220). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) indicates a pleiotropic but specific role across diverse tissues. In the **Overall** context, the gene shows the highest cell significance index (CSI) in [retinal cone cell](/details-cell/CL0000573) (CSI: 19.13), followed by the kidney [podocyte](/details-cell/CL0000653) (CSI: 12.30) and [inhibitory interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000498) (CSI: 10.05). This pattern highlights a prominent role in both the central nervous system, particularly the retina, and in the highly specialized glomerular filtration barrier of the kidney. The enrichment extends to other retinal cells like the [retinal rod cell](/details-cell/CL0000604) and [Mueller cell](/details-cell/CL0000636), as well as other neural cells such as the [cerebellar granule cell](/details-cell/CL0001031), suggesting [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) is a key factor in neuronal development, maintenance, and signaling. Furthermore, its notable significance in stromal and structural cells, including [vascular leptomeningeal cell](/details-cell/CL4023051), [mural cell](/details-cell/CL0008034), and [hepatic stellate cell](/details-cell/CL0000632), is consistent with its canonical function in tissue repair, morphogenesis, and angiogenesis. The expression in [epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000066) and [adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136) further underscores its broad involvement in metabolic and barrier tissues. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) functions as a potent signaling molecule with [growth factor activity](/details-link/GO:0008083) that binds to fibroblast growth factor receptors ([GO:0005104](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005104)) and co-factors like heparin ([GO:0008201](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008201)) in the extracellular space. This interaction is the central event in the [fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway](/details-link/GO:0008543), which is extensively detailed in Reactome as 'Signaling by FGFR' ([R-HSA-190236](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-190236)). Upon receptor binding and dimerization, [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) triggers a cascade of intracellular events. Key downstream pathways include the [Raf/map kinase cascade](/details-link/R-HSA-5673001) and the PI3K/AKT pathway, reflected by its annotation in [positive regulation of mapk cascade](/details-link/GO:0043410) and [activation of protein kinase b activity](/details-link/GO:0032148). These signaling axes are fundamental to its biological outputs, such as promoting [positive regulation of cell population proliferation](/details-link/GO:0008284), [positive regulation of cell migration](/details-link/GO:0030335), and [positive regulation of angiogenesis](/details-link/GO:0045766). The extensive involvement of [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) in various FGFR-specific signaling modules (e.g., '[Downstream signaling of activated fgfr1](/details-link/R-HSA-5654687)') and its connection to disease pathways like '[Signaling by fgfr in disease](/details-link/R-HSA-1226099)' and '[Pi3k/akt signaling in cancer](/details-link/R-HSA-2219528)' highlight its importance in both normal physiology and pathology. ## Research Directions The specific and high-level expression of [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) in distinct cell types, combined with its powerful signaling functions, provides fertile ground for further investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high significance in both [retinal cone cell](/details-cell/CL0000573) and [retinal rod cell](/details-cell/CL0000604), [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) likely functions as a critical autocrine or paracrine survival factor for photoreceptors. Its localized depletion may accelerate photoreceptor degeneration in diseases like retinitis pigmentosa. 2. The prominent expression in kidney [podocyte](/details-cell/CL0000653), cells essential for the glomerular filtration barrier, suggests [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) signaling is instrumental in maintaining podocyte foot process architecture and viability. Dysregulation of this pathway could be a key mechanism in the progression of diabetic nephropathy or other proteinuric kidney diseases. **Experimental Approach:** To test the second hypothesis regarding its role in podocyte health, a podocyte-specific conditional knockout of [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) could be generated in mice (e.g., using a *Nphs2-Cre* driver). These mice could be subjected to a model of kidney injury, such as streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The progression of kidney disease would be monitored by measuring urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios. Kidney tissue would be analyzed using electron microscopy to assess for podocyte foot process effacement and immunohistochemistry to evaluate changes in key podocyte structural proteins like nephrin and podocin. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a secreted protein with potent regenerative capabilities, recombinant [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) presents potential as a therapeutic agent for promoting tissue repair, particularly in wound healing and ischemic injury. Activation or delivery of [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) could stimulate angiogenesis and cell proliferation to restore damaged tissue. Conversely, because the FGFR signaling axis is frequently hyperactivated in various cancers, this pathway is a major target for inhibition. While directly targeting [FGF1](/details-gene/2246) is one possibility, therapeutic strategies have more commonly focused on developing small molecule inhibitors or antibodies against its receptors (FGFRs), which represents a more direct approach to blocking the aberrant downstream signaling in malignant cells.

Genular Protein ID: 3208142669

Symbol: FGF1_HUMAN

Name: Fibroblast growth factor 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3523756

Title: Human endothelial cell growth factor: cloning, nucleotide sequence, and chromosome localization.

PubMed ID: 3523756

DOI: 10.1126/science.3523756

PubMed ID: 2590193

Title: Structural analysis of the gene for human acidic fibroblast growth factor.

PubMed ID: 2590193

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)91785-3

PubMed ID: 2474753

Title: Cloning of the gene coding for human class 1 heparin-binding growth factor and its expression in fetal tissues.

PubMed ID: 2474753

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.9.6.2387-2395.1989

PubMed ID: 1693186

Title: Alternative splicing generates two forms of mRNA coding for human heparin-binding growth factor 1.

PubMed ID: 1693186

PubMed ID: 1717925

Title: Cloning and sequence analysis of the human acidic fibroblast growth factor gene and its preservation in leukemia patients.

PubMed ID: 1717925

PubMed ID: 1372643

Title: An acidic fibroblast growth factor protein generated by alternate splicing acts like an antagonist.

PubMed ID: 1372643

DOI: 10.1084/jem.175.4.1073

PubMed ID: 7504343

Title: The expression of acidic fibroblast growth factor (heparin-binding growth factor-1) and cytokine genes in human cardiac allografts and T cells.

PubMed ID: 7504343

DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199311000-00025

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15372022

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.

PubMed ID: 15372022

DOI: 10.1038/nature02919

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2393407

Title: The gene for human acidic fibroblast growth factor encodes two upstream exons alternatively spliced to the first coding exon.

PubMed ID: 2393407

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)91348-v

PubMed ID: 2427112

Title: Human class 1 heparin-binding growth factor: structure and homology to bovine acidic brain fibroblast growth factor.

PubMed ID: 2427112

DOI: 10.1021/bi00362a017

PubMed ID: 3527167

Title: The complete amino acid sequence of human brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor.

PubMed ID: 3527167

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(86)80540-x

PubMed ID: 3778488

Title: Amino acid sequence of human acidic fibroblast growth factor.

PubMed ID: 3778488

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90716-3

PubMed ID: 3964259

Title: Human brain-derived acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors: amino terminal sequences and specific mitogenic activities.

PubMed ID: 3964259

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90028-8

PubMed ID: 3732516

Title: Partial molecular characterization of endothelial cell mitogens from human brain: acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors.

PubMed ID: 3732516

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80812-2

PubMed ID: 1885605

Title: Characterization and molecular cloning of a putative binding protein for heparin-binding growth factors.

PubMed ID: 1885605

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55368-0

PubMed ID: 8663044

Title: Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family.

PubMed ID: 8663044

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.25.15292

PubMed ID: 11432880

Title: Copper induces the assembly of a multiprotein aggregate implicated in the release of fibroblast growth factor 1 in response to stress.

PubMed ID: 11432880

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102925200

PubMed ID: 11964394

Title: Identification of ribosome-binding protein p34 as an intracellular protein that binds acidic fibroblast growth factor.

PubMed ID: 11964394

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112193200

PubMed ID: 16597617

Title: Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family. The complete mammalian FGF family.

PubMed ID: 16597617

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601252200

PubMed ID: 18400376

Title: The release of fibroblast growth factor-1 from melanoma cells requires copper ions and is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt intracellular signaling pathway.

PubMed ID: 18400376

DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.001

PubMed ID: 18441324

Title: Direct binding of integrin alphavbeta3 to FGF1 plays a role in FGF1 signaling.

PubMed ID: 18441324

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801213200

PubMed ID: 20863990

Title: Effect of human S100A13 gene silencing on FGF-1 transportation in human endothelial cells.

PubMed ID: 20863990

DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(10)60103-9

PubMed ID: 15863030

Title: Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors.

PubMed ID: 15863030

DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.01.001

PubMed ID: 20094046

Title: Fibroblast growth factor signalling: from development to cancer.

PubMed ID: 20094046

DOI: 10.1038/nrc2780

PubMed ID: 20422052

Title: A novel fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF1) mutant that acts as an FGF antagonist.

PubMed ID: 20422052

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010273

PubMed ID: 22321063

Title: Nuclear import of exogenous FGF1 requires the ER-protein LRRC59 and the importins Kpnalpha1 and Kpnbeta1.

PubMed ID: 22321063

DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2012.01341.x

PubMed ID: 23469107

Title: A dominant-negative FGF1 mutant (the R50E mutant) suppresses tumorigenesis and angiogenesis.

PubMed ID: 23469107

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057927

PubMed ID: 1702556

Title: Three-dimensional structures of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors.

PubMed ID: 1702556

DOI: 10.1126/science.1702556

PubMed ID: 8652550

Title: X-ray crystal structure of human acidic fibroblast growth factor.

PubMed ID: 8652550

DOI: 10.1021/bi9521755

PubMed ID: 9655399

Title: Structure of a heparin-linked biologically active dimer of fibroblast growth factor.

PubMed ID: 9655399

DOI: 10.1038/31741

PubMed ID: 10830168

Title: Crystal structures of two FGF-FGFR complexes reveal the determinants of ligand-receptor specificity.

PubMed ID: 10830168

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80851-x

PubMed ID: 11069186

Title: Crystal structure of fibroblast growth factor receptor ectodomain bound to ligand and heparin.

PubMed ID: 11069186

DOI: 10.1038/35039551

PubMed ID: 10618369

Title: Structural interactions of fibroblast growth factor receptor with its ligands.

PubMed ID: 10618369

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.1.49

PubMed ID: 11847269

Title: Alternative type I and I' turn conformations in the beta8/beta9 beta-hairpin of human acidic fibroblast growth factor.

PubMed ID: 11847269

DOI: 10.1110/ps.43802

PubMed ID: 14732692

Title: Insights into the molecular basis for fibroblast growth factor receptor autoinhibition and ligand-binding promiscuity.

PubMed ID: 14732692

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307287101

PubMed ID: 7521397

Title: 1H-NMR assignment and solution structure of human acidic fibroblast growth factor activated by inositol hexasulfate.

PubMed ID: 7521397

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1558

PubMed ID: 8950275

Title: Three-dimensional structure of acidic fibroblast growth factor in solution: effects of binding to a heparin functional analog.

PubMed ID: 8950275

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0631

PubMed ID: 9719643

Title: Solution structure of acidic fibroblast growth factor bound to 1,3, 6-naphthalenetrisulfonate: a minimal model for the anti-tumoral action of suramins and suradistas.

PubMed ID: 9719643

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1977

PubMed ID: 20145243

Title: Gentisic acid, a compound associated with plant defense and a metabolite of aspirin, heads a new class of in vivo fibroblast growth factor inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 20145243

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.064618

PubMed ID: 20220137

Title: The heterohexameric complex structure, a component in the non-classical pathway for fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) secretion.

PubMed ID: 20220137

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.066357

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 155
  • Mass: 17460
  • Checksum: F586E8BFB09F1580
  • Sequence:
  • MAEGEITTFT ALTEKFNLPP GNYKKPKLLY CSNGGHFLRI LPDGTVDGTR DRSDQHIQLQ 
    LSAESVGEVY IKSTETGQYL AMDTDGLLYG SQTPNEECLF LERLEENHYN TYISKKHAEK 
    NWFVGLKKNG SCKRGPRTHY GQKAILFLPL PVSSD

Genular Protein ID: 3815569318

Symbol: Q16089_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7504343

Title: The expression of acidic fibroblast growth factor (heparin-binding growth factor-1) and cytokine genes in human cardiac allografts and T cells.

PubMed ID: 7504343

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 59
  • Mass: 6595
  • Checksum: 9C83D1E64847148A
  • Sequence:
  • MAEGEITTFT ALTEKFNLPP GNYKKPKLLY CSNGGHFLRI LPDGTVDGTR DRSDQHNTK

Genular Protein ID: 696753056

Symbol: A8K147_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 154
  • Mass: 17332
  • Checksum: 4A6E0F07B357B2E8
  • Sequence:
  • MAEGEITTFT ALTEKFNLPP GNYKKPKLLY CSNGGHFLRI LPDGTVDGTR DRSDQHIQLQ 
    LSAESVGEVY IKSTETGQYL AMDTDGLLYG STPNEECLFL ERLEENHYNT YISKKHAEKN 
    WFVGLKKNGS CKRGPRTHYG QKAILFLPLP VSSD