Details for: GSTA2

Gene ID: 2939

Symbol: GSTA2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000244067

Description: glutathione S-transferase alpha 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas (CL1001433)
    Fold Change: 170.2072
    Cell Significance Index: 85.4800
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 17.0058
    Cell Significance Index: 128.9600
  • Cell Name: colon endothelial cell (CL1001572)
    Fold Change: 12.4211
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 3.3696
    Cell Significance Index: 97.0900
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 2.4371
    Cell Significance Index: 40.9900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 2.2931
    Cell Significance Index: 34.3600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 2.2503
    Cell Significance Index: 102.0000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.4200
    Cell Significance Index: 85.2500
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 1.1837
    Cell Significance Index: 12.2100
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 1.1410
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 1.0791
    Cell Significance Index: 184.2700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.8828
    Cell Significance Index: 96.0200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.8396
    Cell Significance Index: 18.1900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.8374
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.7454
    Cell Significance Index: 73.7400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.7122
    Cell Significance Index: 643.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.6857
    Cell Significance Index: 78.2700
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.6849
    Cell Significance Index: 16.5900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5325
    Cell Significance Index: 101.3500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 0.5257
    Cell Significance Index: 41.6400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.5115
    Cell Significance Index: 35.3800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4536
    Cell Significance Index: 73.7800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.4114
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5400
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.4038
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.2172
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1997
    Cell Significance Index: 39.6300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1488
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1143
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.1099
    Cell Significance Index: 68.6400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0726
    Cell Significance Index: 53.2700
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 0.0456
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0265
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0126
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4400
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6700
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0126
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0271
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0289
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7900
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.0297
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0318
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0321
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7800
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0338
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.0353
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0478
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0496
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0569
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8200
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0686
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: -0.0832
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.0882
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0892
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0945
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0400
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1046
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.1171
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: -0.1179
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1272
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1293
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4000
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: -0.1348
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: -0.1376
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: colonocyte (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: -0.1424
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1438
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0700
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1627
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1685
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9200
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.1694
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: -0.1717
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030067)
    Fold Change: -0.1725
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1763
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: -0.1781
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.1808
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1839
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1847
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1887
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0100
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.1903
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6400
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: -0.1907
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1938
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2005
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.2106
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0100
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.2137
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.2142
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.2297
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8500
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: -0.2321
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GSTA2 is a member of the GST family, which consists of multiple isoforms, each with distinct tissue distribution and expression patterns. GSTA2 is predominantly expressed in enterocytes of the colon, epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreas, and granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells. Its expression is induced by various stimuli, including oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. GSTA2 is a dimeric enzyme composed of two subunits, which are encoded by separate genes (GSTA1 and GSTA2). The GSTA2 subunit is responsible for the catalytic activity of the enzyme. **Pathways and Functions:** GSTA2 is involved in several cellular pathways, including: 1. **Glutathione Conjugation Pathway:** GSTA2 catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic compounds, such as xenobiotics and endogenous substances, facilitating their excretion from the body. 2. **Immune Response:** GSTA2 is involved in cytokine signaling, particularly in the context of interleukin-12 (IL-12) signaling, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses. 3. **Epithelial Cell Differentiation:** GSTA2 is required for the proper differentiation of epithelial cells, particularly in the exocrine pancreas. 4. **Biological Oxidations:** GSTA2 participates in the metabolism of various biological oxidations, including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of GSTA2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer:** GSTA2 is overexpressed in several types of cancer, including colorectal, pancreatic, and lung cancer, suggesting its potential role as a tumor suppressor. 2. **Inflammatory Diseases:** GSTA2 is involved in the regulation of immune responses, and its dysregulation may contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** GSTA2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where oxidative stress and inflammation play a crucial role. In conclusion, GSTA2 is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a crucial role in the detoxification and metabolism of various compounds, as well as immune response and epithelial cell differentiation. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the potential of GSTA2 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 647527921

Symbol: GSTA2_HUMAN

Name: Glutathione S-transferase A2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P09210 Q12759 Q16491 Q9NTY6

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 9 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 13 EC 1 EMBL 15 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 4 PDBsum 4 PIR 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 2 Rhea 2 SABIO-RK 1 SFLD 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3036131

Title: The basic glutathione S-transferases from human livers are products of separate genes.

PubMed ID: 3036131

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91345-3

PubMed ID: 1329668

Title: Isolation and characterization of the human glutathione S-transferase A2 subunit gene.

PubMed ID: 1329668

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90475-c

PubMed ID: 1497629

Title: Cloning, sequencing and characterization of the human alpha glutathione S-transferase gene corresponding to the cDNA clone pGTH2.

PubMed ID: 1497629

DOI: 10.1042/bj2850925

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8431482

Title: Characterization of two novel subunits of the alpha-class glutathione S-transferases of human liver.

PubMed ID: 8431482

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(93)90234-i

PubMed ID: 2604726

Title: Evidence that glutathione S-transferases B1B1 and B2B2 are the products of separate genes and that their expression in human liver is subject to inter-individual variation. Molecular relationships between the B1 and B2 subunits and other alpha class glutathione S-transferases.

PubMed ID: 2604726

DOI: 10.1042/bj2640437

PubMed ID: 7892174

Title: A surface mutant (G82R) of a human alpha-glutathione S-transferase shows decreased thermal stability and a new mode of molecular association in the crystal.

PubMed ID: 7892174

DOI: 10.1002/prot.340200306

PubMed ID: 20083122

Title: Structural basis for featuring of steroid isomerase activity in alpha class glutathione transferases.

PubMed ID: 20083122

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.01.023

PubMed ID: 11668220

Title: Polymorphism of human alpha class glutathione transferases.

PubMed ID: 11668220

DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200110000-00007

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 222
  • Mass: 25664
  • Checksum: 2823565A693A30AC
  • Sequence:
    • MAEKPKLHYS NIRGRMESIR WLLAAAGVEF EEKFIKSAED LDKLRNDGYL MFQQVPMVEI 
DGMKLVQTRA ILNYIASKYN LYGKDIKEKA LIDMYIEGIA DLGEMILLLP FSQPEEQDAK 
LALIQEKTKN RYFPAFEKVL KSHGQDYLVG NKLSRADIHL VELLYYVEEL DSSLISSFPL 
LKALKTRISN LPTVKKFLQP GSPRKPPMDE KSLEESRKIF RF

Genular Protein ID: 1982297815

Symbol: A8K987_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A8K987

Database IDs:

ARBA 3 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 5 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 2 GO 4 Gene3D 2 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 4 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 1 RuleBase 1 SAM 1 SFLD 2 SMR 1 SUPFAM 2

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 222
  • Mass: 25677
  • Checksum: 782D585A6C6F6CBC
  • Sequence:
    • MAEKPKLHYS NIRGRMESIR WLLAAAGVEF EEKFIKSAED LDKLRNDGYL MFQQVPMVEI 
DGMKLVQTRA ILNYIASKYN LYGKDIKEKA LIDMYIEGIA DLGEMILLLP FTQPEEQDAK 
LALIQEKTKN RYFPAFEKVL KSHGQDYLVG NKLSRADIHL VELLYYVKEL DSSLISSFPL 
LKALKTRISN LPTVKKFLQP GSPRKPPMDE KSLEESRKIF RF

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.