Details for: PON1

Gene ID: 5444

Symbol: PON1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005421

Description: paraoxonase 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 4.9887
    Cell Significance Index: 13.1600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 4.9831
    Cell Significance Index: 124.5700
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 2.3266
    Cell Significance Index: 50.4100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.2062
    Cell Significance Index: 229.5500
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.9285
    Cell Significance Index: 15.6400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.8275
    Cell Significance Index: 81.8600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.7397
    Cell Significance Index: 23.6900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.7352
    Cell Significance Index: 663.8600
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.5588
    Cell Significance Index: 13.5400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.5393
    Cell Significance Index: 11.4900
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.5340
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0800
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.5085
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4346
    Cell Significance Index: 70.6900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.4338
    Cell Significance Index: 47.1800
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 0.4031
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5100
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.2707
    Cell Significance Index: 16.2500
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.2690
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2451
    Cell Significance Index: 16.9500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2172
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1713
    Cell Significance Index: 33.9900
  • Cell Name: common dendritic progenitor (CL0001029)
    Fold Change: 0.1499
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5600
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.1135
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1200
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.1116
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7700
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 0.1036
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3900
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0779
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0616
    Cell Significance Index: 17.7200
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000915)
    Fold Change: 0.0616
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0444
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9200
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0301
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 0.0229
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0156
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0063
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0066
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7000
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0154
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0170
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0175
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0197
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0223
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0235
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0237
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5500
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0265
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0275
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: -0.0306
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0307
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0307
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3600
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0324
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0378
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.0406
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0409
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0447
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: -0.0450
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0461
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0472
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0505
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0518
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7000
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0531
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.0533
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0540
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7200
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: -0.0547
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: -0.0551
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0569
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0591
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** PON1 is a small, secreted enzyme that belongs to the serine protease family. It is primarily produced in the liver, although it can also be expressed in other tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and immune cells. PON1 is characterized by its ability to hydrolyze a wide range of substrates, including organophosphates, esters, and lactones. Its enzymatic activity is mediated by a catalytic site that is distinct from other proteases, allowing it to exhibit a unique specificity and efficiency. **Pathways and Functions:** PON1 plays a crucial role in several biological pathways, including: 1. **Lipid Metabolism:** PON1 is involved in the hydrolysis of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, which is essential for the formation of HDL particles. This process is critical for the removal of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and its transport to the liver for excretion. 2. **Oxidative Stress:** PON1 has been shown to protect against oxidative stress by hydrolyzing lactones and esters that are produced during lipid peroxidation. This process helps to maintain the integrity of cell membranes and prevent damage to cellular components. 3. **Immune Response:** PON1 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of inflammation and atherosclerosis. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and to promote the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. 4. **Detoxification:** PON1 has been shown to hydrolyze organophosphates, which are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. This process is critical for the removal of these toxins from the body and prevention of their adverse effects. **Clinical Significance:** PON1 has been extensively studied for its potential role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including: 1. **Atherosclerosis:** PON1 has been shown to inhibit the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, which is a key step in the development of atherosclerosis. This process has been implicated in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. 2. **Cancer:** PON1 has been shown to inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes and to promote the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to its potential role in cancer prevention. 3. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** PON1 has been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, PON1 is a multifaceted enzyme that plays a critical role in various biological processes, including immune response, lipid metabolism, and detoxification. Its clinical significance lies in its potential role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and significance of PON1 in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 579250619

Symbol: PON1_HUMAN

Name: Aromatic esterase 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1657140

Title: Characterization of cDNA clones encoding rabbit and human serum paraoxonase: the mature protein retains its signal sequence.

PubMed ID: 1657140

DOI: 10.1021/bi00106a010

PubMed ID: 7916578

Title: Molecular basis for the polymorphic forms of human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase: glutamine or arginine at position 191, for the respective A or B allozymes.

PubMed ID: 7916578

PubMed ID: 8393742

Title: Studies on human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase.

PubMed ID: 8393742

DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(93)90022-q

PubMed ID: 8393745

Title: Human and rabbit paraoxonases: purification, cloning, sequencing, mapping and role of polymorphism in organophosphate detoxification.

PubMed ID: 8393745

DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(93)90023-r

PubMed ID: 8812495

Title: Structural organization of the human PON1 gene.

PubMed ID: 8812495

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0401

PubMed ID: 9261565

Title: Differential expression of a cDNA clone in human liver versus hepatic cancer -- highly homologous to aryl-dialkyl-phosphatase.

PubMed ID: 9261565

DOI: 10.1038/cr.1997.9

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 12690205

Title: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.

PubMed ID: 12690205

DOI: 10.1126/science.1083423

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8382160

Title: Identification of a distinct human high-density lipoprotein subspecies defined by a lipoprotein-associated protein, K-45. Identity of K-45 with paraoxonase.

PubMed ID: 8382160

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17620.x

PubMed ID: 8292612

Title: Apolipoprotein J is associated with paraoxonase in human plasma.

PubMed ID: 8292612

DOI: 10.1021/bi00169a026

PubMed ID: 1718413

Title: Purification of rabbit and human serum paraoxonase.

PubMed ID: 1718413

DOI: 10.1021/bi00106a009

PubMed ID: 1673382

Title: Purification of human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase. Evidence for one esterase catalyzing both activities.

PubMed ID: 1673382

PubMed ID: 7638166

Title: Reconsideration of the catalytic center and mechanism of mammalian paraoxonase/arylesterase.

PubMed ID: 7638166

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7187

PubMed ID: 10479665

Title: Human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase's retained hydrophobic N-terminal leader sequence associates with HDLs by binding phospholipids: apolipoprotein A-I stabilizes activity.

PubMed ID: 10479665

DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.9.2214

PubMed ID: 14760718

Title: Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 14760718

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300556

PubMed ID: 15772423

Title: Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities.

PubMed ID: 15772423

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400511-jlr200

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 16531243

Title: Serendipitous discovery and X-ray structure of a human phosphate binding apolipoprotein.

PubMed ID: 16531243

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2005.12.012

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 15098021

Title: Structure and evolution of the serum paraoxonase family of detoxifying and anti-atherosclerotic enzymes.

PubMed ID: 15098021

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb767

PubMed ID: 8098250

Title: The molecular basis of the human serum paraoxonase activity polymorphism.

PubMed ID: 8098250

DOI: 10.1038/ng0193-73

PubMed ID: 9661650

Title: A variant of paraoxonase (PON1) gene is associated with diabetic retinopathy in IDDM.

PubMed ID: 9661650

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.7.5096

PubMed ID: 12783936

Title: New paraoxonase 1 polymorphism I102V and the risk of prostate cancer in Finnish men.

PubMed ID: 12783936

DOI: 10.1093/jnci/95.11.812

PubMed ID: 18987736

Title: DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome.

PubMed ID: 18987736

DOI: 10.1038/nature07485

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 355
  • Mass: 39731
  • Checksum: 9B5895509166167E
  • Sequence:
  • MAKLIALTLL GMGLALFRNH QSSYQTRLNA LREVQPVELP NCNLVKGIET GSEDLEILPN 
    GLAFISSGLK YPGIKSFNPN SPGKILLMDL NEEDPTVLEL GITGSKFDVS SFNPHGISTF 
    TDEDNAMYLL VVNHPDAKST VELFKFQEEE KSLLHLKTIR HKLLPNLNDI VAVGPEHFYG 
    TNDHYFLDPY LQSWEMYLGL AWSYVVYYSP SEVRVVAEGF DFANGINISP DGKYVYIAEL 
    LAHKIHVYEK HANWTLTPLK SLDFNTLVDN ISVDPETGDL WVGCHPNGMK IFFYDSENPP 
    ASEVLRIQNI LTEEPKVTQV YAENGTVLQG STVASVYKGK LLIGTVFHKA LYCEL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.