Details for: GRINA

Gene ID: 2907

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: GRINA

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000178719

Description: glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit associated protein 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

  • Apoptotic signaling pathway
    (GO:0097190)
  • Calcium channel activity
    (GO:0005262)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
    (GO:0005783)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
    (GO:0032469)
  • Golgi apparatus
    (GO:0005794)
  • Membrane
    (GO:0016020)
  • Negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
    (GO:1902236)
  • Negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
    (GO:1902042)
  • Negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
    (GO:0043524)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Transmembrane transporter binding
    (GO:0044325)

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 54.12
    rCSI 49.69%
    PRS 38.89
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 28.38
    rCSI 21.86%
    PRS 31.4
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 26.69
    rCSI 50.38%
    PRS 41.44
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 26.26
    rCSI 43.25%
    PRS 37.86
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 22.71
    rCSI 21.86%
    PRS 33.77
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 21.51
    rCSI 47.51%
    PRS 24.03
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 21.23
    rCSI 26.69%
    PRS 45.94
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 17.81
    rCSI 28.67%
    PRS 25.73
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 15.84
    rCSI 27.94%
    PRS 40.99
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 12.38
    rCSI 19.02%
    PRS 38.74
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 12.38
    rCSI 18.91%
    PRS 50.64
  • lung interstitial macrophage CL4033043
    CSI 11.34
    rCSI 25.45%
    PRS 54.73
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 11.33
    rCSI 15.42%
    PRS 45.45
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 10.16
    rCSI 25.14%
    PRS 31.21
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI 9.81
    rCSI 15.73%
    PRS 64.23
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 8.75
    rCSI 12.54%
    PRS 40.85
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 8.63
    rCSI 6.79%
    PRS 38.7
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 8.52
    rCSI 19.02%
    PRS 38.3
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 8.46
    rCSI 8.84%
    PRS 33.3
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 8.19
    rCSI 9.97%
    PRS 39.74
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 7.85
    rCSI 5.48%
    PRS 34.59
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 7.74
    rCSI 6.87%
    PRS 32.55
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 7.34
    rCSI 26.42%
    PRS 19.84
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 6.07
    rCSI 19.69%
    PRS 37.06
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 5.75
    rCSI 6%
    PRS 33.56
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 5.64
    rCSI 14.26%
    PRS 40.04
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 5.56
    rCSI 7.99%
    PRS 26.27
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 5.33
    rCSI 3.82%
    PRS 44.02
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 5.19
    rCSI 9.43%
    PRS 48.01
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 5.02
    rCSI 8.91%
    PRS 22.27
  • metallothionein-positive alveolar macrophage CL4033042
    CSI 5
    rCSI 54.38%
    PRS 70.11
  • dendritic cell CL0000451
    CSI 4.99
    rCSI 6.15%
    PRS 63.42
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 4.65
    rCSI 6.09%
    PRS 44.85
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 14.37%
    PRS 23.57
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 4.58
    rCSI 4.91%
    PRS 30.82
  • macrophage CL0000235
    CSI 4.49
    rCSI 8.17%
    PRS 68.15
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 4.33
    rCSI 6.91%
    PRS 28.18
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 4.57%
    PRS 48.9
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 4.14
    rCSI 3.47%
    PRS 37.88
  • neutrophil CL0000775
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 22.91%
    PRS 47.85
  • mature NK T cell CL0000814
    CSI 4.05
    rCSI 5.18%
    PRS 71.76
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 4.04
    rCSI 2.81%
    PRS 39.66
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 4.04
    rCSI 5.59%
    PRS 39.91
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 4.02
    rCSI 2.98%
    PRS 45.24
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 3.99
    rCSI 9.37%
    PRS 43.22
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 5.32%
    PRS 35.67
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 3.87
    rCSI 4.93%
    PRS 37.61
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 3.28%
    PRS 43.27
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 34.07
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 3.78
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 24.98
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 3.75
    rCSI 5.58%
    PRS 36.38
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 3.73
    rCSI 3.13%
    PRS 48.81
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 3.62
    rCSI 3.02%
    PRS 59.37
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 3.59
    rCSI 4.99%
    PRS 33.1
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 2.33%
    PRS 37.29
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 3.48
    rCSI 6.91%
    PRS 33.26
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 3.45
    rCSI 6.83%
    PRS 61.62
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 3.36
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 35.11
  • monocyte CL0000576
    CSI 3.32
    rCSI 6.01%
    PRS 59.68
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 3.31
    rCSI 7.57%
    PRS 32.51
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 3.27
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 32.54
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 3.18
    rCSI 2.63%
    PRS 33.55
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 3.18
    rCSI 4.22%
    PRS 36.41
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 3.13
    rCSI 4.81%
    PRS 38.65
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 3.05
    rCSI 8.06%
    PRS 38.93
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 3.05
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 43.73
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 3.01
    rCSI 17.72%
    PRS 21.94
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 28.3
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 4.68%
    PRS 32.28
  • CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human CL0000939
    CSI 2.87
    rCSI 1.91%
    PRS 61.12
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 2.86
    rCSI 2.31%
    PRS 33.22
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 2.86
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 42.09
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 2.83
    rCSI 3.64%
    PRS 31.51
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 2.83
    rCSI 5.35%
    PRS 57.64
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.82
    rCSI 5.06%
    PRS 27.78
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.81
    rCSI 3.61%
    PRS 31.04
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 43.72
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 2.77
    rCSI 4.96%
    PRS 31.23
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 2.75
    rCSI 5.24%
    PRS 48.86
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell CL0000784
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 2.78%
    PRS 79.56
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 32.82
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 10.24%
    PRS 21.65
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 3.65%
    PRS 44.3
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 2.15%
    PRS 33.88
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 15.31%
    PRS 44.54
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 2.59
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 36.68
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 2.58
    rCSI 15.63%
    PRS 59.63
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 5.69%
    PRS 39.56
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 3.64%
    PRS 35.09
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 5.15%
    PRS 32.12
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 2.38%
    PRS 57.3
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 11.43%
    PRS 56.37
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 2.44
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 34.91
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 66.48
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.41
    rCSI 2.11%
    PRS 37.43
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.27%
    PRS 34.08
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 5.45%
    PRS 28.38
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 2.38
    rCSI 1.97%
    PRS 31.4
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 2.37
    rCSI 11.87%
    PRS 42.27
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 2.33
    rCSI 1.75%
    PRS 47
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 50.4%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 0.6%
    PRS 50.6%
  • odontoblast CL0000060
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 73.4%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 45.2%
  • mesenchymal lymphangioblast CL0005021
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 9.8%
    PRS 75.4%
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 62.3%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 21.8%
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 30.6%
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 44.5%
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 49.2%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 43.0%
  • enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 61.8%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 20.2%
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 17.9%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 55.9%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 25.7%
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 51.7%
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 49.6%
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 47.2%
  • respiratory epithelial cell CL0002368
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 71.0%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 49.0%
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 51.4%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 35.8%
  • group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 72.7%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 35.8%
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 49.6%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 31.7%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 40.8%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 28.6%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 33.6%
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 41.9%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 20.3%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 22.6%
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 42.5%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 48.6%
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 29.4%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 26.5%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 31.5%
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 43.7%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 68.7%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 53.9%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 20.7%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 21.4%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 36.4%
  • eye photoreceptor cell CL0000287
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 15.2%
    PRS 62.3%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 30.8%
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 49.5%
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 41.3%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 55.1%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 34.2%
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 32.7%
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 47.8%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 31.2%
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 28.4%
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 43.6%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 35.7%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 30.9%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 20.9%
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 36.5%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 26.6%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 29.4%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 34.1%
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 56.4%
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 53.5%
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 36.6%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 28.0%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 25.0%
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 42.7%
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 39.3%
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 44.2%
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 41.5%
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 24.5%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 25.0%
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 30.6%
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 44.8%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 31.7%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 37.1%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 33.3%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 38.2%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 34.7%
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 48.3%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 57.1%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 35.5%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 37.1%
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 8.8%
    PRS 33.0%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 27.2%
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 50.5%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 32.6%
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 36.9%
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 32.1%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 21.5%
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 59.0%
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 30.3%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 42.4%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 30.6%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 36.4%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 31.1%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 23.2%
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 28.8%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 54.1%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) (Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit Associated Protein 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 8q24.3. It encodes the protein Lifeguard 1, a transmembrane protein primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Functionally, [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) is implicated in the negative regulation of apoptosis and the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis. **Overall** expression data highlight its significant role in the myeloid lineage, with particularly high significance in various [macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) populations, such as [elicited macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861) and [alveolar macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000583), as well as in [monocytes](/details-cell/CL0002396). This expression pattern, combined with its anti-apoptotic function, suggests [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) is a key regulator of cell survival and stress responses in innate immune cells. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) points to a prominent role in the mononuclear phagocyte system. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in [elicited macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) (CSI: 54.12), followed by other myeloid cells including [CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte](/details-cell/CL0002396) (CSI: 28.38), [alveolar macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000583) (CSI: 26.26), and [alternatively activated macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000890) (CSI: 21.23). Its high significance is also noted in tissue-specific macrophages like the placental [Hofbauer cell](/details-cell/CL3000001) and antigen-presenting cells such as [dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0001056) and [Langerhans cells](/details-cell/CL0000453). Beyond the immune system, [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) demonstrates significant expression in a diverse set of other cell types. These include epithelial cells, such as [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006), and neuronal cells, including [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740) and [retinal cone cell](/details-cell/CL0000573). This broader expression pattern suggests that while its role is particularly pronounced in myeloid cells, its function in regulating apoptosis and calcium signaling is likely important across multiple tissues. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) is functionally annotated with roles central to cellular survival and homeostasis. Its primary biological processes involve the regulation of cell death, specifically the [negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway](/details-go/GO:1902236) and the [negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors](/details-go/GO:1902042). This anti-apoptotic role has been described in literature ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-009-0402-2)). This function is consistent with its localization to the [endoplasmic reticulum](/details-go/GO:0005783), a key site for initiating stress-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) is involved in [endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis](/details-go/GO:0032469), and its molecular functions include [calcium channel activity](/details-go/GO:0005262) and [transmembrane transporter binding](/details-go/GO:0044325). The regulation of calcium flux is tightly coupled with ER stress and apoptosis, suggesting that [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) may exert its anti-apoptotic effects by stabilizing calcium levels and preventing the activation of cell death cascades. This dual role is highly relevant for [macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861), which require precise control over these pathways to manage inflammatory responses and ensure their survival in hostile microenvironments. ## Research Directions The high expression of [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) in diverse [macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) populations, coupled with its established anti-apoptotic and calcium-regulating functions, presents several avenues for future investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) acts as a critical pro-survival factor for tissue-resident [macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861), protecting them from apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokines or pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Its downregulation may be a prerequisite for the clearance of [macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861) during the resolution phase of inflammation. 2. By modulating ER calcium signaling, [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) influences key [macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) effector functions that are calcium-dependent, such as phagocytosis, inflammasome activation, or cytokine production. Its level of expression may therefore dictate the functional polarization (e.g., M1 vs. M2) of [macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861). **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis, one could use CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) in primary human monocyte-derived [macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861). These knockout and control [macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861) could then be challenged with pro-inflammatory stimuli (e.g., LPS and IFN-gamma) or ER stress-inducing agents (e.g., tunicamycin). The rate of apoptosis could be quantified via flow cytometry using Annexin V and propidium iodide staining, and the activation of caspase cascades could be measured by western blot. This would directly assess the necessity of [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) for [macrophage](/details-cell/CL0000861) survival under stress. **Therapeutic Potential:** As an anti-apoptotic protein highly expressed in [macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861), [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) represents a potential therapeutic target. **Inhibition** of [GRINA](/details-gene/2907) could be a strategy to selectively deplete pro-tumorigenic tumor-associated [macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861) (TAMs) within the tumor microenvironment or to enhance the clearance of pro-inflammatory [macrophages](/details-cell/CL0000861) in chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Given its localization in the cell membrane and ER, it may be targetable by small molecule inhibitors or novel biologic approaches designed to induce apoptosis in specific myeloid populations.

Genular Protein ID: 714598771

Symbol: LFG1_HUMAN

Name: Protein lifeguard 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12761501

Title: Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways.

PubMed ID: 12761501

DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206406

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8406459

Title: Mapping of the human NMDA receptor subunit (NMDAR1) and the proposed NMDA receptor glutamate-binding subunit (NMDARA1) to chromosomes 9q34.3 and chromosome 8, respectively.

PubMed ID: 8406459

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1311

PubMed ID: 19784873

Title: LFG: a candidate apoptosis regulatory gene family.

PubMed ID: 19784873

DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0402-2

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 371
  • Mass: 41203
  • Checksum: 62E012DFB0E7DEEB
  • Sequence:
  • MSHEKSFLVS GDNYPPPNPG YPGGPQPPMP PYAQPPYPGA PYPQPPFQPS PYGQPGYPHG 
    PSPYPQGGYP QGPYPQGGYP QGPYPQEGYP QGPYPQGGYP QGPYPQSPFP PNPYGQPQVF 
    PGQDPDSPQH GNYQEEGPPS YYDNQDFPAT NWDDKSIRQA FIRKVFLVLT LQLSVTLSTV 
    SVFTFVAEVK GFVRENVWTY YVSYAVFFIS LIVLSCCGDF RRKHPWNLVA LSVLTASLSY 
    MVGMIASFYN TEAVIMAVGI TTAVCFTVVI FSMQTRYDFT SCMGVLLVSM VVLFIFAILC 
    IFIRNRILEI VYASLGALLF TCFLAVDTQL LLGNKQLSLS PEEYVFAALN LYTDIINIFL 
    YILTIIGRAK E