Details for: GCGR

Gene ID: 2642

Symbol: GCGR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000215644

Description: glucagon receptor

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 8.9689
    Cell Significance Index: 150.8500
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 3.9261
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 3.0854
    Cell Significance Index: 45.5400
  • Cell Name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell (CL0000075)
    Fold Change: 2.1520
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 1.6863
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 0.9970
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6300
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.9953
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7700
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: 0.8469
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.6436
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4700
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct cell (CL1001225)
    Fold Change: 0.5388
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.3879
    Cell Significance Index: 76.9900
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 0.3078
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7200
  • Cell Name: perivascular cell (CL4033054)
    Fold Change: 0.2599
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2000
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.2406
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.2088
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9900
  • Cell Name: sympathetic neuron (CL0011103)
    Fold Change: 0.1790
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5800
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.1314
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.1280
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1241
    Cell Significance Index: 14.4600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.0859
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4800
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 0.0850
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3200
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.0786
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7800
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated (CL0001062)
    Fold Change: 0.0738
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: 0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0451
    Cell Significance Index: 33.1000
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0394
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.0390
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5900
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.0377
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.0370
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0900
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.0265
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0187
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.0150
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1400
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2400
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: 0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0800
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3200
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid (CL0019022)
    Fold Change: 0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2900
  • Cell Name: chromaffin cell (CL0000166)
    Fold Change: 0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1500
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0046
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0121
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: -0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: -0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: -0.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0190
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: suprabasal keratinocyte (CL4033013)
    Fold Change: -0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.0195
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: -0.0197
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0214
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.0223
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0227
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8600
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: -0.0234
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0246
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0251
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0266
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: -0.0295
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0309
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic epsilon cell (CL0005019)
    Fold Change: -0.0313
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0344
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0346
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure:** The GCGR is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with seven transmembrane domains, which allows it to bind glucagon and trigger a signaling cascade. 2. **Expression:** GCGR is highly expressed in tissues involved in glucose homeostasis, including the liver, kidney, and pancreas. 3. **Function:** GCGR plays a key role in regulating glucose metabolism, glycogen synthesis, and energy expenditure. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Signaling Pathway:** GCGR activation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase, resulting in increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, which in turn activates protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphorylates various downstream targets. 2. **Cellular Response to Glucagon Stimulus:** GCGR activation triggers a signaling cascade that regulates glucose metabolism, glycogen synthesis, and energy expenditure. 3. **Cellular Response to Starvation:** GCGR also plays a role in regulating energy metabolism during starvation, by inhibiting glucose uptake and promoting lipolysis. 4. **G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling Pathway:** GCGR is part of the larger GPCR signaling pathway, which involves the activation of G proteins and the subsequent activation of downstream effectors. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Diabetes:** Dysregulation of GCGR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, where impaired glucagon signaling contributes to impaired glucose metabolism. 2. **Hypoglycemia:** GCGR also plays a role in regulating blood glucose levels during hypoglycemia, where impaired glucagon signaling can lead to inadequate glucose production. 3. **Metabolic Syndrome:** GCGR dysregulation has been linked to metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 4. **Cancer:** GCGR has been implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism in cancer cells, where dysregulation of GCGR may contribute to cancer progression. In conclusion, the glucagon receptor (GCGR) plays a crucial role in regulating glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. Dysregulation of GCGR has been implicated in various metabolic disorders, including diabetes, hypoglycemia, and metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which GCGR regulates energy metabolism and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 616623765

Symbol: GLR_HUMAN

Name: Glucagon receptor

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P47871 Q2M3M5

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 2 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 5 EMDB 10 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 20 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 19 PDBsum 19 PIR 1 PRINTS 3 PRO 1 PROSITE 4 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 4 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7507321

Title: Cloning and expression of a human glucagon receptor.

PubMed ID: 7507321

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1046

PubMed ID: 8144028

Title: The human glucagon receptor encoding gene: structure, cDNA sequence and chromosomal localization.

PubMed ID: 8144028

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90545-2

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8020989

Title: Localization of the glucagon receptor gene to human chromosome band 17q25.

PubMed ID: 8020989

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1179

PubMed ID: 9287038

Title: Role of the glucagon receptor COOH-terminal domain in glucagon-mediated signaling and receptor internalization.

PubMed ID: 9287038

DOI: 10.2337/diab.46.9.1400

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 16221670

Title: Conformational dimorphism of self-peptides and molecular mimicry in a disease-associated HLA-B27 subtype.

PubMed ID: 16221670

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m508528200

PubMed ID: 22908259

Title: Molecular basis for negative regulation of the glucagon receptor.

PubMed ID: 22908259

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206734109

PubMed ID: 23863937

Title: Structure of the human glucagon class B G-protein-coupled receptor.

PubMed ID: 23863937

DOI: 10.1038/nature12393

PubMed ID: 27111510

Title: Extra-helical binding site of a glucagon receptor antagonist.

PubMed ID: 27111510

DOI: 10.1038/nature17414

PubMed ID: 28514451

Title: Structure of the full-length glucagon class B G-protein-coupled receptor.

PubMed ID: 28514451

DOI: 10.1038/nature22363

PubMed ID: 7589886

Title: A mutation in the glucagon receptor gene (Gly40Ser): heterogeneity in the association with diabetes mellitus.

PubMed ID: 7589886

DOI: 10.1007/bf00400589

PubMed ID: 19657311

Title: Homozygous P86S mutation of the human glucagon receptor is associated with hyperglucagonemia, alpha cell hyperplasia, and islet cell tumor.

PubMed ID: 19657311

DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181b2bb03

PubMed ID: 25695890

Title: Glucagon cell hyperplasia and neoplasia with and without glucagon receptor mutations.

PubMed ID: 25695890

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4405

PubMed ID: 30032256

Title: Hypercalcemia in glucagon cell hyperplasia and neoplasia (Mahvash syndrome): a new association.

PubMed ID: 30032256

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01074

PubMed ID: 30294546

Title: The first pediatric case of glucagon receptor defect due to biallelic mutations in GCGR is identified by newborn screening of elevated arginine.

PubMed ID: 30294546

DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.09.006

PubMed ID: 32677665

Title: Characterization of a naturally occurring mutation V368M in the human glucagon receptor and its association with metabolic disorders.

PubMed ID: 32677665

DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200235

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 477
  • Mass: 54009
  • Checksum: ADBB477C6267AE6E
  • Sequence:
    • MPPCQPQRPL LLLLLLLACQ PQVPSAQVMD FLFEKWKLYG DQCHHNLSLL PPPTELVCNR 
TFDKYSCWPD TPANTTANIS CPWYLPWHHK VQHRFVFKRC GPDGQWVRGP RGQPWRDASQ 
CQMDGEEIEV QKEVAKMYSS FQVMYTVGYS LSLGALLLAL AILGGLSKLH CTRNAIHANL 
FASFVLKASS VLVIDGLLRT RYSQKIGDDL SVSTWLSDGA VAGCRVAAVF MQYGIVANYC 
WLLVEGLYLH NLLGLATLPE RSFFSLYLGI GWGAPMLFVV PWAVVKCLFE NVQCWTSNDN 
MGFWWILRFP VFLAILINFF IFVRIVQLLV AKLRARQMHH TDYKFRLAKS TLTLIPLLGV 
HEVVFAFVTD EHAQGTLRSA KLFFDLFLSS FQGLLVAVLY CFLNKEVQSE LRRRWHRWRL 
GKVLWEERNT SNHRASSSPG HGPPSKELQF GRGGGSQDSS AETPLAGGLP RLAESPF

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.