Details for: GPR21

Gene ID: 2844

Symbol: GPR21

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000188394

Description: G protein-coupled receptor 21

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 4.8493
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 2.2037
    Cell Significance Index: 56.1500
  • Cell Name: suprabasal keratinocyte (CL4033013)
    Fold Change: 1.7955
    Cell Significance Index: 28.8700
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.7041
    Cell Significance Index: 17.0600
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 0.4053
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1200
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.2106
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.1982
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0100
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.1037
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2200
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.0766
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0900
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.0636
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3600
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0520
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7100
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: 0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0089
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0114
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.0132
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0133
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: -0.0177
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0186
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6100
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0229
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0230
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0248
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0278
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0295
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0295
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0402
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0425
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0441
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0454
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0481
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.0497
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0521
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0521
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: -0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.0546
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.0551
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0559
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0562
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: -0.0564
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: -0.0568
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0575
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.0576
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.0594
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0602
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0609
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.0617
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0623
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0633
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: chondrocyte (CL0000138)
    Fold Change: -0.0642
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary capillary endothelial cell (CL4028001)
    Fold Change: -0.0645
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0655
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: -0.0655
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: -0.0662
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: -0.0663
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0677
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0684
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.0697
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: -0.0699
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0747
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: -0.0748
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: -0.0750
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: -0.0780
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: -0.0781
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell (CL0002573)
    Fold Change: -0.0786
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: -0.0789
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: amacrine cell (CL0000561)
    Fold Change: -0.0806
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: -0.0838
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.0845
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0845
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: -0.0846
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil (CL0000775)
    Fold Change: -0.0849
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: -0.0856
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: -0.0860
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0862
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: -0.0867
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: -0.0878
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: -0.0889
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: stellate neuron (CL0000122)
    Fold Change: -0.0889
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: adipocyte (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: -0.0900
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: -0.0902
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: blood vessel smooth muscle cell (CL0019018)
    Fold Change: -0.0911
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8600
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: -0.0914
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: -0.0914
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GPR21 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, characterized by its seven transmembrane domains and ability to activate G-proteins, leading to various signaling cascades. The receptor is highly expressed in endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels and blood vessels, indicating its potential role in vascular health and immune function. Additionally, GPR21 is also expressed in erythrocytes, suggesting its involvement in red blood cell biology. Notably, the receptor is also present in certain neurons, including GABAergic interneurons and forebrain radial glial cells, highlighting its potential role in the central nervous system. **Pathways and Functions:** GPR21 is involved in several key signaling pathways, including glucose homeostasis, G protein-coupled receptor activity, and G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. The receptor's activation leads to the activation of G-proteins, which in turn modulate various downstream signaling cascades, including insulin receptor signaling pathway. GPR21 has been shown to negatively regulate insulin receptor signaling, suggesting its potential role in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the receptor is also involved in the regulation of multicellular organism growth, suggesting its potential role in tissue development and homeostasis. **Clinical Significance:** GPR21 has been implicated in various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The receptor's involvement in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity makes it an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Additionally, GPR21's role in vascular health and immune function suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have also suggested that GPR21 may play a role in cancer progression, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In conclusion, GPR21 is a novel receptor that plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, glucose homeostasis, and immune regulation. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the receptor's mechanisms of action and its clinical significance, but its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases makes it an exciting area of investigation.

Genular Protein ID: 4234068281

Symbol: GPR21_HUMAN

Name: Probable G-protein coupled receptor 21

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q99679 B2R8W9 Q6NXU2

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 EMDB 5 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 5 PDBsum 5 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9073069

Title: Cloning and chromosomal mapping of four putative novel human G-protein-coupled receptor genes.

PubMed ID: 9073069

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00722-6

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 349
  • Mass: 39515
  • Checksum: 5369DFC216E9EEC4
  • Sequence:
    • MNSTLDGNQS SHPFCLLAFG YLETVNFCLL EVLIIVFLTV LIISGNIIVI FVFHCAPLLN 
HHTTSYFIQT MAYADLFVGV SCVVPSLSLL HHPLPVEESL TCQIFGFVVS VLKSVSMASL 
ACISIDRYIA ITKPLTYNTL VTPWRLRLCI FLIWLYSTLV FLPSFFHWGK PGYHGDVFQW 
CAESWHTDSY FTLFIVMMLY APAALIVCFT YFNIFRICQQ HTKDISERQA RFSSQSGETG 
EVQACPDKRY AMVLFRITSV FYILWLPYII YFLLESSTGH SNRFASFLTT WLAISNSFCN 
CVIYSLSNSV FQRGLKRLSG AMCTSCASQT TANDPYTVRS KGPLNGCHI

Genular Protein ID: 3731061748

Symbol: B4DSD1_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DSD1

Database IDs:

ARBA 7 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 GO 2 Gene3D 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 3 Pfam 1 RefSeq 1 RuleBase 1 SAM 2 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 250
  • Mass: 28333
  • Checksum: 90673419BF3065FF
  • Sequence:
    • MNSTLDGNQS SHPFCLLAFG YLETVNFCLL EVLIIVFLTV LIISGNIIVI FVFHCAPLLN 
HHTTSYFIQT MAYADLFVGV SCVVPSLSLL HHPLPVEESL TCQIFGFVVS VLKSVSMASL 
ACISIDRYIA ITKPLTYNTL VTPWRLRLCI FLIWLYSTLV FLPSFFHWGK PGYHGDVFQW 
CAESWHTDSY FTLFIVMMLY APAALIVCFT YFNIFRICQQ HTKDISERQA RFSSQSGETG 
EVQACPVSNH

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.