Details for: GPR21

Gene ID: 2844

Symbol: GPR21

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000188394

Description: G protein-coupled receptor 21

Associated with

  • Glucose homeostasis
    (GO:0042593)
  • G protein-coupled receptor activity
    (GO:0004930)
  • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
    (GO:0007186)
  • Insulin receptor signaling pathway
    (GO:0008286)
  • Negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
    (GO:0046627)
  • Plasma membrane
    (GO:0005886)
  • Positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
    (GO:0040018)

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: 5.05
    Marker Score: 3152
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Marker Score: 2337
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Marker Score: 1270
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71842
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48066.5
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1780
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 12518
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 400
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 1036
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 341
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 1172
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 280
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 2340.5
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 190
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 128.5
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 137.5
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 68
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 99
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 291
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 115.5
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 43
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 34
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 29
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 29
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 58.5
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 28
  • Cell Name: tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell (CL0019019)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: muscle cell (CL0000187)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 11
  • Cell Name: kidney interstitial cell (CL1000500)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 27
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 28
  • Cell Name: bronchial smooth muscle cell (CL0002598)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 10
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 94
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 79
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: fibrocyte (CL0000135)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic precursor cell (CL0008001)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 56
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 8
  • Cell Name: ON retinal ganglion cell (CL4023032)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of artery (CL1000413)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 11
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 22.5
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 30
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 32
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 8
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 10
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: CNS interneuron (CL0000402)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 8
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of large intestine (CL1000279)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: glial cell (CL0000125)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000897)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 144
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 134.5
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: myofibroblast cell (CL0000186)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 12
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 39
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell precursor (CL0002362)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 543
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: brainstem motor neuron (CL2000047)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 5
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 11
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: naive B cell (CL0000788)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: vein endothelial cell (CL0002543)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 72
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000003)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 8
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 11
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 9
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 10
  • Cell Name: central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000904)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 6
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 7
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 15

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** * GPR21 is a single-pass transmembrane protein with seven extracellular domains and seven transmembrane domains. * It is a member of the GPCR superfamily. * It is expressed in high levels in endothelial cells of blood vessels, the brain, and the heart. * It is also expressed in other cell types, including immune cells and cancer cells. **Pathways and functions:** * GPR21 is a key regulator of glucose homeostasis. It is expressed in cells that are responsible for regulating blood glucose levels, such as endothelial cells of blood vessels. When glucose levels rise, GPR21 signaling is activated, which leads to the inhibition of insulin signaling. This helps to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. * GPR21 is also involved in inflammation. It is expressed in immune cells, where it can interact with other GPCRs, such as GPCRs for IL-1β and TNF-α. This interaction can activate the inflammatory response. * GPR21 is also involved in cell growth. It is expressed in endothelial cells of blood vessels and the heart. When these cells are damaged, GPR21 signaling is activated, which can promote cell growth. **Clinical significance:** Mutations in GPR21 have been linked to a number of human diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In diabetes, mutations in GPR21 can lead to the development of high blood sugar levels and the development of diabetic complications. In cardiovascular disease, mutations in GPR21 can lead to the development of atherosclerosis and heart failure. In cancer, mutations in GPR21 can lead to the growth of cancer cells and the development of tumor metastasis.

Genular Protein ID: 4234068281

Symbol: GPR21_HUMAN

Name: Probable G-protein coupled receptor 21

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q99679 B2R8W9 Q6NXU2

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 EMDB 4 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 5 PDBsum 4 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9073069

Title: Cloning and chromosomal mapping of four putative novel human G-protein-coupled receptor genes.

PubMed ID: 9073069

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00722-6

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 349
  • Mass: 39515
  • Checksum: 5369DFC216E9EEC4
  • Sequence:
    • MNSTLDGNQS SHPFCLLAFG YLETVNFCLL EVLIIVFLTV LIISGNIIVI FVFHCAPLLN 
HHTTSYFIQT MAYADLFVGV SCVVPSLSLL HHPLPVEESL TCQIFGFVVS VLKSVSMASL 
ACISIDRYIA ITKPLTYNTL VTPWRLRLCI FLIWLYSTLV FLPSFFHWGK PGYHGDVFQW 
CAESWHTDSY FTLFIVMMLY APAALIVCFT YFNIFRICQQ HTKDISERQA RFSSQSGETG 
EVQACPDKRY AMVLFRITSV FYILWLPYII YFLLESSTGH SNRFASFLTT WLAISNSFCN 
CVIYSLSNSV FQRGLKRLSG AMCTSCASQT TANDPYTVRS KGPLNGCHI

Genular Protein ID: 3731061748

Symbol: B4DSD1_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DSD1

Database IDs:

ARBA 4 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 EMBL 2 GO 2 Gene3D 1 GenomeRNAi 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 3 Pfam 1 RefSeq 1 RuleBase 1 SAM 2 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 250
  • Mass: 28333
  • Checksum: 90673419BF3065FF
  • Sequence:
    • MNSTLDGNQS SHPFCLLAFG YLETVNFCLL EVLIIVFLTV LIISGNIIVI FVFHCAPLLN 
HHTTSYFIQT MAYADLFVGV SCVVPSLSLL HHPLPVEESL TCQIFGFVVS VLKSVSMASL 
ACISIDRYIA ITKPLTYNTL VTPWRLRLCI FLIWLYSTLV FLPSFFHWGK PGYHGDVFQW 
CAESWHTDSY FTLFIVMMLY APAALIVCFT YFNIFRICQQ HTKDISERQA RFSSQSGETG 
EVQACPVSNH

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.