Details for: RALYL

Gene ID: 138046

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: RALYL

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184672

Description: RALY RNA binding protein like

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 58.33
    rCSI 85.74%
    PRS 90.43
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 54.93
    rCSI 70.81%
    PRS 85.9
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 35.76
    rCSI 64.97%
    PRS 89.56
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 34.94
    rCSI 58.65%
    PRS 85.06
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 34.57
    rCSI 59.8%
    PRS 90.63
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 31.48
    rCSI 68.3%
    PRS 85.02
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 29.57
    rCSI 70.72%
    PRS 86.2
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 29.43
    rCSI 59.08%
    PRS 89.95
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 27.45
    rCSI 66.72%
    PRS 82.95
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 26.1
    rCSI 69.49%
    PRS 84.12
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 26
    rCSI 52.75%
    PRS 79.81
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 25.97
    rCSI 45.87%
    PRS 84.42
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 24.27
    rCSI 61.57%
    PRS 90.33
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 23.9
    rCSI 58.37%
    PRS 89.25
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 22.96
    rCSI 32.95%
    PRS 87.82
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 21.82
    rCSI 71.71%
    PRS 85.07
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 21.43
    rCSI 66.97%
    PRS 85.96
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 21.26
    rCSI 46.97%
    PRS 86.42
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 20.66
    rCSI 36.22%
    PRS 92.04
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 20.06
    rCSI 24.96%
    PRS 82.87
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 19.2
    rCSI 39.46%
    PRS 84.65
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 18.46
    rCSI 66.43%
    PRS 83.28
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 18.37
    rCSI 29.54%
    PRS 85.87
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 18.21
    rCSI 68.72%
    PRS 82.73
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 17.59
    rCSI 40.61%
    PRS 87.4
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 17.08
    rCSI 64.57%
    PRS 85.13
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 16.38
    rCSI 26.12%
    PRS 88.26
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 15.95
    rCSI 21.73%
    PRS 89.23
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 15.87
    rCSI 51.08%
    PRS 91.06
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 15.82
    rCSI 41.23%
    PRS 95.45
  • macroglial cell CL0000126
    CSI 15.65
    rCSI 40.23%
    PRS 90.93
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 15.2
    rCSI 39.5%
    PRS 93.73
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 15.12
    rCSI 23.24%
    PRS 83.72
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 15.09
    rCSI 61.49%
    PRS 88.33
  • kidney collecting duct principal cell CL1001431
    CSI 14.93
    rCSI 75.13%
    PRS 90.43
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 14.72
    rCSI 25.94%
    PRS 90.74
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 14.68
    rCSI 65.59%
    PRS 82.07
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 14.54
    rCSI 22.16%
    PRS 91.68
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 14.4
    rCSI 32.28%
    PRS 85.21
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 14.39
    rCSI 25.86%
    PRS 90.4
  • oligodendrocyte precursor cell CL0002453
    CSI 14.08
    rCSI 30.99%
    PRS 79.35
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 13.99
    rCSI 30.79%
    PRS 96.03
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 13.83
    rCSI 17.75%
    PRS 91.05
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 13.77
    rCSI 15.9%
    PRS 87.99
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 13.44
    rCSI 46.05%
    PRS 84.01
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 13.4
    rCSI 38.85%
    PRS 87.85
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 13.17
    rCSI 65.5%
    PRS 89.73
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 13.09
    rCSI 41.89%
    PRS 93.33
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 12.77
    rCSI 33.27%
    PRS 89.26
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 12.05
    rCSI 68.08%
    PRS 85.88
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 11.97
    rCSI 34.02%
    PRS 91.31
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 11.26
    rCSI 25.69%
    PRS 89.34
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 11.16
    rCSI 65.7%
    PRS 85.35
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 11.04
    rCSI 42.67%
    PRS 95.41
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 10.83
    rCSI 14.82%
    PRS 88.5
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 10.21
    rCSI 19.12%
    PRS 88.09
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 10.21
    rCSI 12.19%
    PRS 84.95
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 9.93
    rCSI 27.36%
    PRS 92.84
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 9.47
    rCSI 31.74%
    PRS 83.52
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 9.17
    rCSI 43.92%
    PRS 91.47
  • kidney collecting duct intercalated cell CL1001432
    CSI 8.81
    rCSI 62.95%
    PRS 90.9
  • starburst amacrine cell CL0004232
    CSI 8.53
    rCSI 71.8%
    PRS 82.4
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 8.52
    rCSI 62.62%
    PRS 88.37
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 8.48
    rCSI 32.29%
    PRS 89
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 8
    rCSI 35.19%
    PRS 85.19
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 7.78
    rCSI 20.78%
    PRS 90.64
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 7.3
    rCSI 62.93%
    PRS 88.16
  • diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032
    CSI 7.03
    rCSI 36.97%
    PRS 85.58
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 7.02
    rCSI 9.95%
    PRS 92.84
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 6.97
    rCSI 30.97%
    PRS 94.18
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 6.7
    rCSI 13.02%
    PRS 94.92
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 6.25
    rCSI 9.24%
    PRS 94.7
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 6.23
    rCSI 54.8%
    PRS 84.19
  • kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001106
    CSI 6.11
    rCSI 52.8%
    PRS 89.88
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 6.08
    rCSI 37.97%
    PRS 89.21
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 5.19
    rCSI 16.22%
    PRS 87.61
  • brain vascular cell CL4023072
    CSI 5.04
    rCSI 52.12%
    PRS 89.47
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 4.96
    rCSI 11.83%
    PRS 94.62
  • midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097
    CSI 4.68
    rCSI 29.95%
    PRS 88.51
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 10.8%
    PRS 93.65
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 63.87%
    PRS 88.06
  • cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron CL4023111
    CSI 3.54
    rCSI 21.82%
    PRS 93.72
  • GABAergic interneuron CL0011005
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 50.46%
    PRS 94.37
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 3.19
    rCSI 64.91%
    PRS 87.78
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 64.5%
    PRS 87.26
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 3.07
    rCSI 9.84%
    PRS 93.64
  • kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell CL1000849
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 32.19%
    PRS 91.13
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 2.74
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 92.5
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 2.66%
    PRS 95.02
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 21.03%
    PRS 94.57
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.66
    rCSI 63.62%
    PRS 82.76
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 63.41%
    PRS 82.63
  • diffuse bipolar 2 cell CL4033028
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 19.12%
    PRS 87.63
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 92.33
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.82
    rCSI 4.04%
    PRS 94.03
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 1.43
    rCSI 9.71%
    PRS 87.06
  • cholangiocyte CL1000488
    CSI 1.37
    rCSI 8.22%
    PRS 92.8
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 1.23
    rCSI 6.08%
    PRS 95.99
  • enteric neuron CL0007011
    CSI 0.36
    rCSI 5.37%
    PRS 94.4

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) (RALY RNA binding protein like) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 8q21.2. As its name suggests, it is predicted to function as an RNA-binding protein, a role first suggested by its initial characterization ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022295311177)). Gene Ontology annotations place its protein product within the [nucleus](/details-cell/GO:0005634) and [nucleoplasm](/details-cell/GO:0005654), where it likely participates in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Expression data reveals that **Overall**, [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) is most significantly expressed in the central nervous system, showing high specificity for various neuronal populations such as the [cerebellar granule cell](/details-cell/CL0001031) and multiple types of cortical interneurons, as well as glial precursors like the [differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor](/details-cell/CL4023059). This expression pattern suggests a specialized role in neuronal function and development. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) strongly indicates a primary role within the central nervous system. **Overall**, it serves as a highly significant marker for a diverse array of neuronal and glial cell types. It shows the highest significance in [cerebellar granule cell](/details-cell/CL0001031) (CSI: 58.33) and is also a key marker for both inhibitory interneurons, including [sst GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023017) and [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011), and excitatory neurons like the [L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4030059). Beyond mature neurons, [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) is also prominently expressed in [differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor](/details-cell/CL4023059)s, suggesting a potential role in the process of myelination. Its significance extends to other neural support cells, including [cerebral cortex endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001602)s and [ependymal cell](/details-cell/CL0000065)s. While its primary association is with the brain, notable expression is also observed in non-neural tissues, specifically in kidney epithelial cells such as [kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL1000768) and [epithelial cell of proximal tubule](/details-cell/CL0002306), as well as in [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746), indicating its functions may not be exclusively restricted to the nervous system. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) are consistent with its role as a nuclear protein involved in gene regulation. Its primary molecular function is defined as [Rna binding](/details-cell/GO:0003723), alongside [protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0005515) and [identical protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0042802), suggesting it may form homodimers or part of a larger protein complex to execute its functions. The protein is localized to the [nucleus](/details-cell/GO:0005634) and specifically the [nucleoplasm](/details-cell/GO:0005654). This combination of RNA-binding activity and nuclear localization points towards a role in RNA processing events such as splicing, transport, or stability. This function is particularly relevant in metabolically active and complex cells like neurons, where precise control of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level is critical for maintaining cell identity, synaptic plasticity, and overall function. ## Research Directions Given the limited characterization of [RALYL](/details-gene/138046), its specific expression pattern and predicted molecular function provide a strong basis for future investigation, particularly concerning its role in the central nervous system. **Testable Hypotheses:** 1. Based on its high expression across diverse neuronal subtypes and its RNA-binding capacity, [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) likely regulates the stability or translation of a specific subset of mRNA transcripts essential for establishing and maintaining distinct neuronal identities (e.g., GABAergic vs. glutamatergic) and supporting synaptic function. 2. The significant expression of [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) in [differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor](/details-cell/CL4023059)s suggests it plays a critical role in oligodendrocyte maturation. It may function by binding to and regulating the processing of mRNAs encoding key myelin proteins, thereby controlling the timing and extent of myelination. **Proposed Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) is involved in oligodendrocyte maturation (Hypothesis 2), one could perform RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (RIP-Seq) in cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to identify its direct RNA targets. Subsequently, a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout or shRNA knockdown of [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) in OPCs could be performed. The impact on differentiation could be assessed by monitoring the expression of key maturation markers (e.g., MBP, PLP1) via qPCR and Western blot, and by quantifying the formation of mature myelinating oligodendrocytes in vitro. **Therapeutic Potential:** As an intracellular RNA-binding protein located primarily in the central nervous system, [RALYL](/details-gene/138046) presents a challenging target for conventional therapies like monoclonal antibodies. However, should its dysregulation be implicated in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (related to myelination) or specific brain cancers (e.g., gliomas derived from glial precursors), it could become a viable target for therapies capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. Therapeutic strategies would likely involve inhibition, potentially using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or small molecules designed to disrupt its RNA-binding or protein-protein interactions, especially if it functions as an oncogenic driver or a negative regulator of a protective pathway.

Genular Protein ID: 3805898180

Symbol: RALYL_HUMAN

Name: RNA-binding Raly-like protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q86SE5 B3KTH2 G3V129 Q6ZW87 Q8N1C2

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 13 Ensembl 5 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 4 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 RNAct 1 RefSeq 12 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12688537

Title: A novel cDNA encodes a putative hRALY-like protein, hRALYL.

PubMed ID: 12688537

DOI: 10.1023/a:1022295311177

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16421571

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8.

PubMed ID: 16421571

DOI: 10.1038/nature04406

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 291
  • Mass: 32331
  • Checksum: A07D1D72029B3DC4
  • Sequence:
    • MTGKTQTSNV TNKNDPKSIN SRVFIGNLNT AIVKKVDIEA IFSKYGKIVG CSVHKGYAFV 
QYMSERHARA AVAGENARVI AGQPLDINMA GEPKPYRPKP GNKRPLSALY RLESKEPFLS 
VGGYVFDYDY YRDDFYNRLF DYHGRVPPPP RAVIPLKRPR VAVTTTRRGK GVFSMKGGSR 
STASGSTGSK LKSDELQTIK KELTQIKTKI DSLLGRLEKI EKQQKAEAEA QKKQLEESLV 
LIQEECVSEI ADHSTEEPAE GGPDADGEEM TDGIEEDFDE DGGHELFLQI K

Genular Protein ID: 3636429293

Symbol: B3KT61_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B3KT61

Database IDs:

ARBA 2 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 10 Ensembl 2 GO 2 Gene3D 1 GeneTree 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 InterPro 5 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIRSF 1 PROSITE 2 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Proteomes 2 ProteomicsDB 2 RefSeq 7 SAM 2 SMART 1 SUPFAM 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16421571

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8.

PubMed ID: 16421571

DOI: 10.1038/nature04406

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 280
  • Mass: 31074
  • Checksum: 239E60CC99071D58
  • Sequence:
    • MTGKTQTSNV TNKNDPKSIN SRVFIGNLNT AIVKKVDIEA IFSKYGKIVG CSVHKGYAFV 
QYMSERHARA AVAGENARVI AGQPLDINMA GEPKPYRPKP GNKRPLSALY SGYVFDYDYY 
RDDFYNRLFD YHGRVPPPPR AVIPLKRPRV AVTTTRRGKG VFSMKGGSRS TASGSTGSKL 
KSDELQTIKK ELTQIKTKID SLLGRLEKIE KQQKAEAEAQ KKQLEESLVL IQEECVSEIA 
DHSTEEPAEG GPDADGEEMT DGIEEDFDED GGHELFLQIK