Details for: GRN

Gene ID: 2896

Symbol: GRN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000030582

Description: granulin precursor

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 3.98
    Marker Score: 222842.5
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 3.52
    Marker Score: 4024
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 3.13
    Marker Score: 3781
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 3.01
    Marker Score: 5860.5
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 3
    Marker Score: 3005
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 2.93
    Marker Score: 75089
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 2.89
    Marker Score: 22554
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 2.76
    Marker Score: 23766.5
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 2 endothelial cell (CL4028003)
    Fold Change: 2.73
    Marker Score: 3947
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: 2.71
    Marker Score: 7020.5
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 2.59
    Marker Score: 6452.5
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 2.59
    Marker Score: 4725
  • Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
    Fold Change: 2.55
    Marker Score: 29652
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 2.52
    Marker Score: 6352
  • Cell Name: alternatively activated macrophage (CL0000890)
    Fold Change: 2.51
    Marker Score: 1046
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: 2.45
    Marker Score: 14858
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 2.44
    Marker Score: 1141
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: 2.43
    Marker Score: 10110
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Marker Score: 82140
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 1 endothelial cell (CL4028002)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Marker Score: 5940
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 2.34
    Marker Score: 3441
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: 2.33
    Marker Score: 2082
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Marker Score: 7276
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Marker Score: 1256
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 2.28
    Marker Score: 9833
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 2.25
    Marker Score: 8860
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 2.22
    Marker Score: 19445
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Marker Score: 5033
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
    Fold Change: 2.18
    Marker Score: 16204.5
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Marker Score: 888
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Marker Score: 10398
  • Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
    Fold Change: 2.16
    Marker Score: 5216
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell (CL0000313)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Marker Score: 858
  • Cell Name: bronchus fibroblast of lung (CL2000093)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Marker Score: 2948
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 2.14
    Marker Score: 3402
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 2.11
    Marker Score: 1409
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 2.09
    Marker Score: 2124
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Marker Score: 5448
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: 2.06
    Marker Score: 2409
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of uterus (CL0009095)
    Fold Change: 2.04
    Marker Score: 4071.5
  • Cell Name: pulmonary artery endothelial cell (CL1001568)
    Fold Change: 2.04
    Marker Score: 1754
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 1403
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 2183
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Marker Score: 1386
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Marker Score: 1422
  • Cell Name: glandular cell of esophagus (CL0002657)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 635
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lung (CL0000082)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 10509
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 2
    Marker Score: 1882
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 789
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 2059
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 4413
  • Cell Name: preosteoblast (CL0007010)
    Fold Change: 1.91
    Marker Score: 542
  • Cell Name: osteoclast (CL0000092)
    Fold Change: 1.91
    Marker Score: 953
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Marker Score: 1825
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 1.9
    Marker Score: 2689
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Marker Score: 7252.5
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of sinusoid (CL0002262)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Marker Score: 452
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell, human (CL0001056)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Marker Score: 1895
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Marker Score: 804
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Marker Score: 11850
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Marker Score: 534
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Marker Score: 4367
  • Cell Name: type I pneumocyte (CL0002062)
    Fold Change: 1.84
    Marker Score: 2214
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Marker Score: 3038
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Marker Score: 1642
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Marker Score: 1432
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 1.82
    Marker Score: 4871
  • Cell Name: primordial germ cell (CL0000670)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Marker Score: 2273
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Marker Score: 2331
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Marker Score: 1508
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Marker Score: 1995
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 1.79
    Marker Score: 6348.5
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Marker Score: 1182
  • Cell Name: B-1 B cell (CL0000819)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Marker Score: 3085
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Marker Score: 19926
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: 1.76
    Marker Score: 905
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Marker Score: 395
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Marker Score: 2695
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Marker Score: 2500
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Marker Score: 1177
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Marker Score: 885
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 1.71
    Marker Score: 3110.5
  • Cell Name: reticular cell (CL0000432)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Marker Score: 621.5
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Marker Score: 22452
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 17023
  • Cell Name: small pre-B-II cell (CL0000954)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 2032
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 417
  • Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Marker Score: 927
  • Cell Name: vein endothelial cell (CL0002543)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Marker Score: 1516.5
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Marker Score: 2753
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: 1.68
    Marker Score: 1057.5
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Marker Score: 4084
  • Cell Name: ovarian surface epithelial cell (CL2000064)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 4521
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 1761
  • Cell Name: type G enteroendocrine cell (CL0000508)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 572
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 10720
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 2393
  • Cell Name: memory B cell (CL0000787)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 1246
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell (CL0002250)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 619
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Marker Score: 1708

Hover over a box to see details here...

Hover over a box to see details here...

Hover over a box to see details here...

Other Information

**Key characteristics:** * GRN is a transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa. * It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. * It is involved in the regulation of inflammation, cell migration, and cell death. **Pathways and functions:** * GRN is a key regulator of astrocyte activation and inflammation. * It is expressed in astrocytes, which are key immune cells in the brain. * GRN signaling can promote the activation of microglia and macrophages, which are important inflammatory cells. * It can also inhibit the apoptosis of neurons, which could contribute to neuroprotection. * GRN also plays a role in the regulation of angiogenesis, cell migration, and endothelial cell migration. **Clinical significance:** * Mutations in the GRN gene have been linked to several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. * GRN is a potential therapeutic target for these diseases, as it could be used to inhibit inflammation and promote tissue repair. **Additional points:** * GRN is a highly conserved protein, with a similar gene found in humans, mice, and rats. * It is a promising target for the development of new drugs for inflammatory diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 3017914583

Symbol: GRN_HUMAN

Name: Paragranulin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P28799 D3DX55 P23781 P23782 P23783 P23784 Q53HQ8 Q53Y88 Q540U8 Q9BWE7 Q9H8S1 Q9UCH0

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 11 EPD 1 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 40 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneReviews 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 2 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 5 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 8 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 11 PDBsum 6 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TopDownProteomics 2 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 2 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1417868

Title: Structure and chromosomal location of the human granulin gene.

PubMed ID: 1417868

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)92349-3

PubMed ID: 1618805

Title: The epithelin precursor encodes two proteins with opposing activities on epithelial cell growth.

PubMed ID: 1618805

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42382-4

PubMed ID: 1542665

Title: Isolation and sequence of the granulin precursor cDNA from human bone marrow reveals tandem cysteine-rich granulin domains.

PubMed ID: 1542665

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.5.1715

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12526812

Title: Conversion of proepithelin to epithelins: roles of SLPI and elastase in host defense and wound repair.

PubMed ID: 12526812

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01141-8

PubMed ID: 2268320

Title: Granulins, a novel class of peptide from leukocytes.

PubMed ID: 2268320

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80908-8

PubMed ID: 8471426

Title: Characterisation of UGP and its relationship with beta-core fragment.

PubMed ID: 8471426

DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.127

PubMed ID: 16862116

Title: Mutations in progranulin cause tau-negative frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17.

PubMed ID: 16862116

DOI: 10.1038/nature05016

PubMed ID: 18378771

Title: Progranulin functions as a neurotrophic factor to regulate neurite outgrowth and enhance neuronal survival.

PubMed ID: 18378771

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200712039

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 20188224

Title: Development and application of mass spectrometric methods for the analysis of progranulin N-glycosylation.

PubMed ID: 20188224

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.02.013

PubMed ID: 21092856

Title: Sortilin-mediated endocytosis determines levels of the frontotemporal dementia protein, progranulin.

PubMed ID: 21092856

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.034

PubMed ID: 22608501

Title: Strikingly different clinicopathological phenotypes determined by progranulin-mutation dosage.

PubMed ID: 22608501

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.021

PubMed ID: 23364791

Title: Secreted progranulin is a homodimer and is not a component of high density lipoproteins (HDL).

PubMed ID: 23364791

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.441949

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 26370502

Title: Prosaposin facilitates sortilin-independent lysosomal trafficking of progranulin.

PubMed ID: 26370502

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502029

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27789271

Title: Progranulin Recruits HSP70 to beta-Glucocerebrosidase and Is Therapeutic Against Gaucher Disease.

PubMed ID: 27789271

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.010

PubMed ID: 28073925

Title: Progranulin regulates lysosomal function and biogenesis through acidification of lysosomes.

PubMed ID: 28073925

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx011

PubMed ID: 28453791

Title: Progranulin functions as a cathepsin D chaperone to stimulate axonal outgrowth in vivo.

PubMed ID: 28453791

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx162

PubMed ID: 28743268

Title: The lysosomal protein cathepsin L is a progranulin protease.

PubMed ID: 28743268

DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0196-6

PubMed ID: 28541286

Title: Impaired prosaposin lysosomal trafficking in frontotemporal lobar degeneration due to progranulin mutations.

PubMed ID: 28541286

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15277

PubMed ID: 10715107

Title: Design and solution structure of a well-folded stack of two beta-hairpins based on the amino-terminal fragment of human granulin A.

PubMed ID: 10715107

DOI: 10.1021/bi992130u

PubMed ID: 18359860

Title: Structure dissection of human progranulin identifies well-folded granulin/epithelin modules with unique functional activities.

PubMed ID: 18359860

DOI: 10.1110/ps.073295308

PubMed ID: 16983685

Title: HDDD2 is a familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative inclusions caused by a missense mutation in the signal peptide of progranulin.

PubMed ID: 16983685

DOI: 10.1002/ana.20963

PubMed ID: 18183624

Title: Molecular characterization of novel progranulin (GRN) mutations in frontotemporal dementia.

PubMed ID: 18183624

DOI: 10.1002/humu.20681

PubMed ID: 20020531

Title: A thorough assessment of benign genetic variability in GRN and MAPT.

PubMed ID: 20020531

DOI: 10.1002/humu.21152

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 593
  • Mass: 63544
  • Checksum: 4E5947F1B4EDE619
  • Sequence:
    • MWTLVSWVAL TAGLVAGTRC PDGQFCPVAC CLDPGGASYS CCRPLLDKWP TTLSRHLGGP 
CQVDAHCSAG HSCIFTVSGT SSCCPFPEAV ACGDGHHCCP RGFHCSADGR SCFQRSGNNS 
VGAIQCPDSQ FECPDFSTCC VMVDGSWGCC PMPQASCCED RVHCCPHGAF CDLVHTRCIT 
PTGTHPLAKK LPAQRTNRAV ALSSSVMCPD ARSRCPDGST CCELPSGKYG CCPMPNATCC 
SDHLHCCPQD TVCDLIQSKC LSKENATTDL LTKLPAHTVG DVKCDMEVSC PDGYTCCRLQ 
SGAWGCCPFT QAVCCEDHIH CCPAGFTCDT QKGTCEQGPH QVPWMEKAPA HLSLPDPQAL 
KRDVPCDNVS SCPSSDTCCQ LTSGEWGCCP IPEAVCCSDH QHCCPQGYTC VAEGQCQRGS 
EIVAGLEKMP ARRASLSHPR DIGCDQHTSC PVGQTCCPSL GGSWACCQLP HAVCCEDRQH 
CCPAGYTCNV KARSCEKEVV SAQPATFLAR SPHVGVKDVE CGEGHFCHDN QTCCRDNRQG 
WACCPYRQGV CCADRRHCCP AGFRCAARGT KCLRREAPRW DAPLRDPALR QLL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.