Details for: PTH

Gene ID: 5741

Symbol: PTH

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000152266

Description: parathyroid hormone

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: 4.7
    Marker Score: 30293
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 3.43
    Marker Score: 1902
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 3.15
    Marker Score: 3175
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 1.94
    Marker Score: 2172
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 1210
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 7693
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 652
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71831
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48053
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30408
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2413
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5356
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2743
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5290
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 489
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 1506
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1268
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 710
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 396
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 367.5
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 1251
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 488
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 220
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 292
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 536
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 659
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 6104
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 539
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 206
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 154
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 120
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of thymus (CL0002293)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: amacrine cell (CL0000561)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 472
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 65
  • Cell Name: papillary tips cell (CL1000597)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 44
  • Cell Name: bronchial epithelial cell (CL0002328)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 241
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 46
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 89
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of sweat gland (CL1000448)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 40
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 34
  • Cell Name: A2 amacrine cell (CL0004219)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 42.5
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 179
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 84
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 44
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 136
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell (CL0002573)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: blood vessel smooth muscle cell (CL0019018)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 51
  • Cell Name: mature microglial cell (CL0002629)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 209
  • Cell Name: double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000809)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 97
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 47
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous fat cell (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of artery (CL1000413)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 632
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 316
  • Cell Name: professional antigen presenting cell (CL0000145)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 73
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: fetal cardiomyocyte (CL0002495)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 177
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 74
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 35
  • Cell Name: contractile cell (CL0000183)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 21
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 1271
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 89
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: brainstem motor neuron (CL2000047)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 17

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Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure:** PTH is a 84-amino acid peptide hormone, consisting of two disulfide-linked subunits. 2. **Function:** PTH regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium absorption in the gut. 3. **Receptors:** PTH binds to two types of receptors, PTH1R and PTH2R, which are G-protein coupled receptors that activate various signaling pathways. 4. **Cellular Expression:** PTH is expressed in various cell types, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and parathyroid cells. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Bone Mineralization:** PTH stimulates osteoblasts to produce bone matrix, promoting bone mineralization. 2. **Bone Resorption:** PTH stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone tissue, releasing calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream. 3. **Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis:** PTH regulates calcium and phosphate levels by modulating their absorption and excretion in the kidneys. 4. **Cell Signaling:** PTH activates various signaling pathways, including the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway, adenylate cyclase pathway, and Rho protein signaling. 5. **Gene Regulation:** PTH regulates gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences, influencing the expression of genes involved in bone metabolism. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Primary Hyperparathyroidism:** Excessive PTH secretion can lead to hypercalcemia, bone disease, and kidney stones. 2. **Hypoparathyroidism:** Deficiency of PTH can lead to hypocalcemia, neuromuscular symptoms, and bone disease. 3. **Osteoporosis:** Abnormal PTH signaling can contribute to osteoporosis, a condition characterized by bone loss and increased fracture risk. 4. **Bone Metabolism Disorders:** PTH dysregulation can contribute to various bone metabolism disorders, including Paget's disease and fibrous dysplasia. In conclusion, PTH plays a critical role in maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis and bone health. Understanding the mechanisms of PTH signaling and its clinical significance is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of bone-related disorders. **References:** 1. Brown EM, et al. (2013). Parathyroid hormone and its receptors. Endocrine Reviews, 34(2), 161-185. 2. Kumar V, et al. (2017). Parathyroid hormone and bone metabolism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 102(11), 3821-3832. 3. Raisz LG, et al. (2008). Regulation of bone resorption. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 118(11), 3567-3575.

Genular Protein ID: 3686908245

Symbol: PTHY_HUMAN

Name: Parathyroid hormone

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01270 Q4VB48 Q9UD38

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 2 EMBL 6 EMDB 5 Ensembl 2 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 44 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 25 PDBsum 23 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6950381

Title: Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs encoding human preproparathyroid hormone.

PubMed ID: 6950381

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7365

PubMed ID: 6220408

Title: Nucleotide sequence of the human parathyroid hormone gene.

PubMed ID: 6220408

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.8.2127

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7829495

Title: Inefficient membrane targeting, translocation, and proteolytic processing by signal peptidase of a mutant preproparathyroid hormone protein.

PubMed ID: 7829495

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.4.1629

PubMed ID: 4833516

Title: Structural analysis of human proparathyroid hormone by a new microsequencing approach.

PubMed ID: 4833516

DOI: 10.1038/249155a0

PubMed ID: 15340161

Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.

PubMed ID: 15340161

DOI: 10.1110/ps.04682504

PubMed ID: 4521809

Title: The amino-acid sequence of the amino-terminal 37 residues of human parathyroid hormone.

PubMed ID: 4521809

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.2.384

PubMed ID: 728431

Title: Complete amino acid sequence of human parathyroid hormone.

PubMed ID: 728431

DOI: 10.1021/bi00619a019

PubMed ID: 1125201

Title: A reinvestigation of the amino-terminal sequence of human parathyroid hormone.

PubMed ID: 1125201

DOI: 10.1021/bi00680a006

PubMed ID: 4474131

Title: Solid-phase synthesis of the biologically active N-terminal 1-34 peptide of human parathyroid hormone.

PubMed ID: 4474131

DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1974.355.1.415

PubMed ID: 4721748

Title: Synthesis of sequence 1-34 of human parathyroid hormone.

PubMed ID: 4721748

DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19730560139

PubMed ID: 21076856

Title: Stimulation of glucose transport in osteoblastic cells by parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor I.

PubMed ID: 21076856

DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0634-z

PubMed ID: 2069952

Title: Investigation of the solution structure of the human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) by 1H NMR spectroscopy, distance geometry, and molecular dynamics calculations.

PubMed ID: 2069952

DOI: 10.1021/bi00242a018

PubMed ID: 8344299

Title: Stabilized NMR structure of human parathyroid hormone(1-34).

PubMed ID: 8344299

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18037.x

PubMed ID: 7797503

Title: Structure of human parathyroid hormone 1-37 in solution.

PubMed ID: 7797503

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.25.15194

PubMed ID: 10623601

Title: Solution structures of human parathyroid hormone fragments hPTH(1-34) and hPTH(1-39) and bovine parathyroid hormone fragment bPTH(1-37).

PubMed ID: 10623601

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1958

PubMed ID: 10837469

Title: Crystal structure of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 at 0.9-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 10837469

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001134200

PubMed ID: 18375760

Title: Molecular recognition of parathyroid hormone by its G protein-coupled receptor.

PubMed ID: 18375760

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801027105

PubMed ID: 2212001

Title: Mutation of the signal peptide-encoding region of the preproparathyroid hormone gene in familial isolated hypoparathyroidism.

PubMed ID: 2212001

DOI: 10.1172/jci114811

PubMed ID: 10523031

Title: A novel mutation of the signal peptide of the preproparathyroid hormone gene associated with autosomal recessive familial isolated hypoparathyroidism.

PubMed ID: 10523031

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.10.6070

PubMed ID: 18056632

Title: Signal sequence mutation in autosomal dominant form of hypoparathyroidism induces apoptosis that is corrected by a chemical chaperone.

PubMed ID: 18056632

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708725104

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 115
  • Mass: 12861
  • Checksum: 849015736A6E5597
  • Sequence:
    • MIPAKDMAKV MIVMLAICFL TKSDGKSVKK RSVSEIQLMH NLGKHLNSME RVEWLRKKLQ 
DVHNFVALGA PLAPRDAGSQ RPRKKEDNVL VESHEKSLGE ADKADVNVLT KAKSQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.