Details for: GNG11

Gene ID: 2791

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: GNG11

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000127920

Description: G protein subunit gamma 11

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • capillary endothelial cell CL0002144
    CSI 29.29
    rCSI 53.69%
    PRS 91.29
  • endothelial cell of artery CL1000413
    CSI 27.6
    rCSI 40.43%
    PRS 92.84
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 25.64
    rCSI 48.9%
    PRS 95.74
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 23.01
    rCSI 31.31%
    PRS 94.93
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 22.34
    rCSI 35.68%
    PRS 92.99
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 21.71
    rCSI 45.05%
    PRS 89.27
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 19.6
    rCSI 38.85%
    PRS 92.22
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 19.46
    rCSI 12.93%
    PRS 92.32
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 18.75
    rCSI 15.52%
    PRS 91.99
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 17.75
    rCSI 15.59%
    PRS 93.71
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 17.18
    rCSI 24.78%
    PRS 92.85
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 16.75
    rCSI 14.44%
    PRS 90.52
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 15.92
    rCSI 28.08%
    PRS 93.43
  • vein endothelial cell CL0002543
    CSI 15.65
    rCSI 42.71%
    PRS 93.35
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 15.11
    rCSI 14.06%
    PRS 92.22
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 14.55
    rCSI 20.15%
    PRS 87.84
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 14.52
    rCSI 15.56%
    PRS 92.27
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 14.5
    rCSI 10.74%
    PRS 87.41
  • endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022
    CSI 14.43
    rCSI 44.45%
    PRS 92.38
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 14.32
    rCSI 11.64%
    PRS 90.43
  • vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131
    CSI 13.63
    rCSI 61.69%
    PRS 94.2
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 13.62
    rCSI 10.12%
    PRS 96.12
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 13.54
    rCSI 37.21%
    PRS 93.85
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI 12.64
    rCSI 52.45%
    PRS 87.51
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 12.15
    rCSI 20.01%
    PRS 92.52
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 12.01
    rCSI 19.15%
    PRS 83.76
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 11.18
    rCSI 45.11%
    PRS 91.33
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 10.61
    rCSI 46.03%
    PRS 91.94
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 10.6
    rCSI 30.68%
    PRS 90.2
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 10.37
    rCSI 27.36%
    PRS 94.44
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 10.35
    rCSI 51.01%
    PRS 94.21
  • late pro-B cell CL0002048
    CSI 10.31
    rCSI 25.83%
    PRS 96.57
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 9.92
    rCSI 32.18%
    PRS 89.3
  • collagen secreting cell CL0000667
    CSI 9.65
    rCSI 55.36%
    PRS 93.49
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 9.6
    rCSI 15.16%
    PRS 91.78
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 9.49
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 84.27
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 9.26
    rCSI 11.79%
    PRS 94.19
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 8.84
    rCSI 17.55%
    PRS 87.63
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 8.25
    rCSI 56.65%
    PRS 93.85
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 8.22
    rCSI 11.24%
    PRS 93.79
  • endothelial cell of arteriole CL1000412
    CSI 8.19
    rCSI 45.41%
    PRS 95.72
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 8.15
    rCSI 28.95%
    PRS 92.1
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 8.13
    rCSI 17.9%
    PRS 93.09
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 8.06
    rCSI 11.43%
    PRS 88.81
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 7.68
    rCSI 44.66%
    PRS 92.3
  • tendon cell CL0000388
    CSI 7.52
    rCSI 19.55%
    PRS 93.49
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 7.44
    rCSI 6.02%
    PRS 91.97
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 7.3
    rCSI 11.95%
    PRS 84.23
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 7.29
    rCSI 58.22%
    PRS 94.55
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 7.08
    rCSI 6.39%
    PRS 89.58
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 6.87
    rCSI 11.89%
    PRS 85.74
  • endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095
    CSI 6.66
    rCSI 48.69%
    PRS 94.84
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 6.32
    rCSI 8.11%
    PRS 87.41
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 6.24
    rCSI 23.36%
    PRS 86.53
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 7.44%
    PRS 89.88
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 6.06
    rCSI 7.79%
    PRS 83.1
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 6.05
    rCSI 33.08%
    PRS 87.03
  • erythroid lineage cell CL0000764
    CSI 6.01
    rCSI 38.66%
    PRS 93.3
  • endothelial cell of venule CL1000414
    CSI 6
    rCSI 53.23%
    PRS 94.21
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 5.94
    rCSI 7.35%
    PRS 89.39
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 5.93
    rCSI 8.46%
    PRS 91.04
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 5.85
    rCSI 8.82%
    PRS 94.55
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 5.66
    rCSI 14.64%
    PRS 88.3
  • smooth muscle cell CL0000192
    CSI 5.55
    rCSI 13.25%
    PRS 85.26
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 5.15
    rCSI 10.01%
    PRS 92.39
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 4.97
    rCSI 12.63%
    PRS 86.11
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 4.67
    rCSI 11.41%
    PRS 84.57
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 5.73%
    PRS 97.46
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 4.11
    rCSI 3.61%
    PRS 82.67
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 3.83
    rCSI 9.15%
    PRS 92.98
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 3.48
    rCSI 7.95%
    PRS 91.78
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 3.42
    rCSI 9.61%
    PRS 87.2
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 3.39
    rCSI 3.12%
    PRS 91.91
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 91.78
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 3.28
    rCSI 7.89%
    PRS 92.04
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 3.13
    rCSI 3.81%
    PRS 94.17
  • lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016
    CSI 3.08
    rCSI 59.57%
    PRS 94.65
  • endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid CL0019021
    CSI 3.06
    rCSI 14.02%
    PRS 92.45
  • exhausted T cell CL0011025
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 51.52%
    PRS 93.91
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 3.03
    rCSI 8.74%
    PRS 92.23
  • mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570
    CSI 3.03
    rCSI 16.87%
    PRS 91.96
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.87%
    PRS 94.48
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 4.62%
    PRS 97.04
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 91.7
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 9.09%
    PRS 97.86
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 2.32
    rCSI 7.46%
    PRS 90.66
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 54.86%
    PRS 93.85
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 2.26
    rCSI 5.88%
    PRS 90.14
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 86.4
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 92.86
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 8.06%
    PRS 87.28
  • fibroblast of breast CL4006000
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 6.74%
    PRS 92.66
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 1.55
    rCSI 16.99%
    PRS 92.73
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.44
    rCSI 11.69%
    PRS 88.27
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.89%
    PRS 85.32
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 1.17
    rCSI 6.06%
    PRS 97.27
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 1.11
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 94.63
  • antibody secreting cell CL0000946
    CSI 1.02
    rCSI 4.53%
    PRS 98.24
  • cord blood hematopoietic stem cell CL2000095
    CSI 0.67
    rCSI 12.85%
    PRS 95.35

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) encodes the G-protein subunit gamma-11, a key component of heterotrimeric G-protein complexes essential for signal transduction. These complexes are the primary transducers for G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), a vast family of receptors involved in nearly every physiological process. The initial characterization of this subunit was part of a larger effort to identify and clone various human G protein gamma subunits ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765)). The gene is located on chromosome 7, as determined by the human genome sequencing project ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01782)). **Overall**, expression data reveals that [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) is most significantly and abundantly expressed in various types of endothelial cells, including those from capillaries, arteries, and pulmonary vessels. This suggests a primary role in regulating vascular biology, hemostasis, and cellular responses to mechanical stimuli within the circulatory system. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) strongly indicates its specialization within the vascular system. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in a range of endothelial cell types, functioning as a key marker for [capillary endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002144), [endothelial cell of artery](/details-cell/CL1000413), [pulmonary capillary endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL4028001), and [pulmonary artery endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001568). This consistent, high-level expression across the endothelium, including in [blood vessel endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000071) and [endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel](/details-cell/CL0002138), points to a fundamental role in maintaining vascular integrity and mediating signaling within these cells. Beyond the endothelium, [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) is also significantly expressed in early hematopoietic and lymphoid progenitors, such as [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037), [pro-B cell](/details-cell/CL0000826), and [early lymphoid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000936). Its presence in these cell types suggests a role in the signaling pathways that govern hematopoiesis and lymphocyte development. Additionally, notable expression in stromal cells like [skin fibroblast](/details-cell/CL0002620) and [fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL0002553) implies a broader function in tissue homeostasis and response to injury. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) is integral to the [heterotrimeric g-protein complex](/details-cell/GO:0005834) located at the [plasma membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005886). Its primary molecular function is to participate in the [G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway](/details-cell/GO:0007186) by binding to G-protein beta subunits ([GO:0031681](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031681)). The G-beta:gamma dimer is a critical signaling moiety that dissociates from the G-alpha subunit upon receptor activation, subsequently modulating the activity of various downstream effectors. This central role is reflected in its involvement in a vast number of Reactome pathways. The data strongly links [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) to vascular physiology and hemostasis, aligning with its endothelial expression pattern. Key pathways include '[Hemostasis](/details-pathway/R-HSA-109582)', '[Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation](/details-pathway/R-HSA-76002)', and '[Response of endothelial cells to shear stress](/details-pathway/R-HSA-9860931)'. These pathways underscore its function in blood clotting and the cellular response to hemodynamic forces. Furthermore, [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) is implicated in a wide array of signaling cascades critical for neurotransmission (e.g., '[Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission](/details-pathway/R-HSA-112314)', '[Opioid signalling](/details-pathway/R-HSA-111885)') and metabolic control (e.g., '[Regulation of insulin secretion](/details-pathway/R-HSA-422356)', '[Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation](/details-pathway/R-HSA-163359)'). Its participation in generic G-protein signaling pathways such as '[G alpha (i) signalling events](/details-pathway/R-HSA-418594)' and '[G-protein beta:gamma signalling](/details-pathway/R-HSA-397795)' demonstrates its role as a fundamental and versatile transducer of extracellular signals into cellular responses. ## Research Directions The pronounced expression of [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) in the endothelium and its association with mechanosensitive and hemostatic pathways highlight its potential as a critical regulator of vascular health and disease. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) acts as a specific transducer for mechanical stimuli, such as blood flow-induced shear stress, in endothelial cells. Its activity may be required for the proper regulation of vascular tone and remodeling in response to hemodynamic changes. 2. The G-beta:gamma dimer formed with [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) is a key signaling node in the crosstalk between endothelial cells and platelets during vascular injury, mediating processes like platelet adhesion and activation at sites of endothelial damage. 3. Given its role in hematopoietic progenitors, [GNG11](/details-gene/2791)-mediated signaling could be essential for lineage commitment decisions during early hematopoiesis, particularly for lymphoid development. A key experiment to test the first hypothesis would involve targeted knockdown or knockout of [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) in primary human endothelial cells (e.g., HUVECs). These modified cells could then be subjected to physiological levels of laminar shear stress in a microfluidic flow chamber. The impact of [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) loss could be assessed by measuring changes in cell alignment, endothelial barrier integrity (transendothelial electrical resistance), and the expression of mechanosensitive genes like *KLF2* and *NOS3* using RNA-sequencing and qPCR. From a therapeutic perspective, [GNG11](/details-gene/2791) presents a potential target for cardiovascular diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction or thrombosis. As a core signaling component, it could be a candidate for **inhibition**. For instance, a small molecule or peptide inhibitor that selectively disrupts the interaction of the GNG11 gamma subunit with its beta partner or downstream effectors could potentially be developed as an anti-thrombotic agent. However, due to its involvement in numerous fundamental signaling pathways across various tissues, achieving therapeutic specificity and avoiding significant off-target effects would represent a major challenge.

Genular Protein ID: 2230627062

Symbol: GBG11_HUMAN

Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P61952 P50152

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 4 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 28 RefSeq 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7665596

Title: Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits.

PubMed ID: 7665596

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 73
  • Mass: 8481
  • Checksum: 2B13935E3AEFB9E8
  • Sequence:
    • MPALHIEDLP EKEKLKMEVE QLRKEVKLQR QQVSKCSEEI KNYIEERSGE DPLVKGIPED 
KNPFKEKGSC VIS