Details for: IL2

Gene ID: 3558

Symbol: IL2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000109471

Description: interleukin 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 6.7
    Marker Score: 8282
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 4.17
    Marker Score: 2774
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 876
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 7690
  • Cell Name: type I NK T cell (CL0000921)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 874
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 251820
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71837
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48062
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30409
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 2478
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5356
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2743
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5296
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 658.5
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 1563
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1269
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 712
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 401
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 427
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 181
  • Cell Name: NKp44-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001080)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 152
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 1359
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 1066
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 420.5
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 465
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 150
  • Cell Name: neutrophil (CL0000775)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000896)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 366
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 480
  • Cell Name: NKp44-positive group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001079)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 112
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 198
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 281
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 6867
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 216
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 376
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 2002
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 159
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 121
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000897)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 143
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 138
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 330
  • Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 59
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive helper T cell (CL0000492)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 205
  • Cell Name: natural T-regulatory cell (CL0000903)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 88
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 127
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 97.5
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000905)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 115
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 90
  • Cell Name: T-helper 1 cell (CL0000545)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 58.5
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000624)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 329
  • Cell Name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000906)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 91
  • Cell Name: T-helper 17 cell (CL0000899)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 81
  • Cell Name: group 3 innate lymphoid cell (CL0001071)
    Fold Change: 0.12
    Marker Score: 51
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 58
  • Cell Name: group 2 innate lymphoid cell (CL0001069)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 999
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001044)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 86
  • Cell Name: T follicular helper cell (CL0002038)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: naive T cell (CL0000898)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 57
  • Cell Name: memory T cell (CL0000813)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 41
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 112
  • Cell Name: central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000904)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 83
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 158
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 27
  • Cell Name: CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human (CL0000938)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 61
  • Cell Name: activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human (CL0001043)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 33
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000909)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 60
  • Cell Name: group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001078)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 38
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 55
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 28
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 33
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: regulatory T cell (CL0000815)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 62
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 91
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000003)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 171
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 61
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000915)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: intermediate monocyte (CL0002393)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000895)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 88
  • Cell Name: double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000809)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 98
  • Cell Name: CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human (CL0001074)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 51
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 13.5
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 41
  • Cell Name: gamma-delta T cell (CL0000798)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 28
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 35
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 53
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 28
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 29
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000913)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 37

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Other Information

**Key characteristics**: - IL2 is a cytokine of the interleukin (IL) family. - It is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. - It is produced by cells in various tissues, including lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. - It binds to the IL2 receptor (IL2R) on T cells, triggering intracellular signaling pathways that promote T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. **Pathways and functions**: - IL2 signaling pathways are initiated by the binding of IL2 to its receptor on T cells. - This binding activates the IL2 receptor-associated signaling pathway, which involves the adapter protein IL2R-beta. - The activated IL2R-beta recruits the kinase kinase IL2-beta, which phosphorylates and activates the transcription factor STAT3. - STAT3 then binds to DNA sequences in the promoters of target genes, promoting the expression of cytokines and other immune response molecules. - IL2 also binds to the IL2 receptor on macrophages and dendritic cells, triggering similar signaling pathways that promote macrophage and dendritic cell activation and differentiation. **Clinical significance**: - IL2 is a key cytokine in various human diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infections. - In cancer, IL2 is produced by tumor cells and immune cells, and its binding to IL2R on T cells promotes tumor cell killing. - IL2 is also used as a therapeutic agent in cancer immunotherapy, as it can be used to activate T cells and enhance anti-tumor immune responses.

Genular Protein ID: 2521604389

Symbol: IL2_HUMAN

Name: Interleukin-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P60568 P01585

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 12 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 14 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 47 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 5 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PDB 40 PDBsum 32 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 4 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6312994

Title: Cloning of interleukin 2 mRNAs from human tonsils.

PubMed ID: 6312994

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(83)80040-0

PubMed ID: 6403867

Title: Structure and expression of a cloned cDNA for human interleukin-2.

PubMed ID: 6403867

DOI: 10.1038/302305a0

PubMed ID: 6306584

Title: Molecular cloning of human interleukin 2 cDNA and its expression in E. coli.

PubMed ID: 6306584

DOI: 10.1093/nar/11.13.4307

PubMed ID: 6324170

Title: Structure of the human interleukin 2 gene.

PubMed ID: 6324170

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.24.7437

PubMed ID: 6330695

Title: DNA sequence of the 5' flanking region of the human interleukin 2 gene: homologies with adult T-cell leukemia virus.

PubMed ID: 6330695

DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.12.5005

PubMed ID: 6608729

Title: T-cell growth factor: complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the gene in normal and malignant cells.

PubMed ID: 6608729

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.6.1634

PubMed ID: 7722480

Title: Interleukin-2 transcripts in human and rodent brains: possible expression by astrocytes.

PubMed ID: 7722480

DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64051928.x

PubMed ID: 8824916

Title: Sequence of interleukin-2 isolated from human placental poly A+ RNA: possible role in maintenance of fetal allograft.

PubMed ID: 8824916

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(199602)43:2<180::aid-mrd7>3.0.co;2-n

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3491296

Title: Promoter region of interleukin-2 gene undergoes chromatin structure changes and confers inducibility on chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene during activation of T cells.

PubMed ID: 3491296

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.6.9.3042-3049.1986

PubMed ID: 3264184

Title: Structure-activity relationships of recombinant human interleukin 2.

PubMed ID: 3264184

DOI: 10.1021/bi00418a034

PubMed ID: 6333684

Title: Amino acid sequence and post-translational modification of human interleukin 2.

PubMed ID: 6333684

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.20.6486

PubMed ID: 6438535

Title: Human interleukin-2 promotes proliferation of activated B cells via surface receptors similar to those of activated T cells.

PubMed ID: 6438535

DOI: 10.1038/312641a0

PubMed ID: 2793860

Title: Expression of human interleukin-2 in recombinant baby hamster kidney, Ltk-, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Structure of O-linked carbohydrate chains and their location within the polypeptide.

PubMed ID: 2793860

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71502-0

PubMed ID: 1396583

Title: A new gene, BCM, on chromosome 16 is fused to the interleukin 2 gene by a t(4;16)(q26;p13) translocation in a malignant T cell lymphoma.

PubMed ID: 1396583

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05482.x

PubMed ID: 7973659

Title: Functional activation of Jak1 and Jak3 by selective association with IL-2 receptor subunits.

PubMed ID: 7973659

DOI: 10.1126/science.7973659

PubMed ID: 8580378

Title: Activation of JAK3, but not JAK1, is critical for IL-2-induced proliferation and STAT5 recruitment by a COOH-terminal region of the IL-2 receptor beta-chain.

PubMed ID: 8580378

DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1995.0081

PubMed ID: 25142963

Title: Simultaneous dissection and comparison of IL-2 and IL-15 signaling pathways by global quantitative phosphoproteomics.

PubMed ID: 25142963

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400194

PubMed ID: 3500515

Title: Three-dimensional structure of interleukin-2.

PubMed ID: 3500515

DOI: 10.1126/science.3500515

PubMed ID: 1631562

Title: Unraveling the structure of IL-2.

PubMed ID: 1631562

DOI: 10.1126/science.1631562

PubMed ID: 1510960

Title: Secondary structure of human interleukin 2 from 3D heteronuclear NMR experiments.

PubMed ID: 1510960

DOI: 10.1021/bi00148a040

PubMed ID: 7529123

Title: The interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 receptors studied by molecular modelling.

PubMed ID: 7529123

DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(94)00085-9

PubMed ID: 16293754

Title: Structure of the quaternary complex of interleukin-2 with its alpha, beta, and gammac receptors.

PubMed ID: 16293754

DOI: 10.1126/science.1117893

PubMed ID: 16477002

Title: Crystal structure of the IL-2 signaling complex: paradigm for a heterotrimeric cytokine receptor.

PubMed ID: 16477002

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511161103

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 153
  • Mass: 17628
  • Checksum: 59E2F40F25860F84
  • Sequence:
    • MYRMQLLSCI ALSLALVTNS APTSSSTKKT QLQLEHLLLD LQMILNGINN YKNPKLTRML 
TFKFYMPKKA TELKHLQCLE EELKPLEEVL NLAQSKNFHL RPRDLISNIN VIVLELKGSE 
TTFMCEYADE TATIVEFLNR WITFCQSIIS TLT

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.