Details for: EPO

Gene ID: 2056

Symbol: EPO

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130427

Description: erythropoietin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 1.3704
    Cell Significance Index: 23.0500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 0.8650
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas (CL1001433)
    Fold Change: 0.8363
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4200
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.2731
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9800
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.2273
    Cell Significance Index: 3.3600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.2091
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.1913
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6100
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 0.1228
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7600
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.1085
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0711
    Cell Significance Index: 14.1100
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.0623
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0000
  • Cell Name: exhausted T cell (CL0011025)
    Fold Change: 0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4400
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0411
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0367
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0242
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.0212
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0204
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: 0.0187
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7900
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: 0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.0131
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: 0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1400
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: 0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3300
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0046
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0065
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0077
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: uterine smooth muscle cell (CL0002601)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0110
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0132
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0153
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0156
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: -0.0177
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: -0.0178
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.0179
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0192
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0192
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0199
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: -0.0213
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0213
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.0216
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0219
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: -0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure:** EPO is a glycoprotein composed of 165 amino acids, with a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa. 2. **Expression:** EPO is primarily expressed in the kidneys, but it can also be produced by other tissues, including the liver and placenta. 3. **Function:** EPO exerts its effects through binding to the EPO receptor (EPO-R), which triggers a signaling cascade involving various kinases and transcription factors. 4. **Cellular specificity:** EPO has been shown to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types, including erythroid progenitor cells, neurons, and myeloid cells. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Erythropoiesis:** EPO stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells, leading to the production of red blood cells. 2. **Cell survival:** EPO has been shown to promote cell survival by activating anti-apoptotic pathways and suppressing pro-apoptotic factors. 3. **Cell migration:** EPO has been implicated in the migration of erythroid progenitor cells to the bone marrow, where they differentiate into red blood cells. 4. **Neuroprotection:** EPO has been shown to have neuroprotective effects, including promoting neuronal survival and differentiation. 5. **Inflammation:** EPO has anti-inflammatory properties, including suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Erythropoietic disorders:** EPO dysregulation is implicated in various erythropoietic disorders, including anemia, polycythemia vera, and aplastic anemia. 2. **Cancer:** EPO has been shown to promote the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, including those in leukemia and lymphoma. 3. **Neurological disorders:** EPO has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Inflammatory diseases:** EPO has anti-inflammatory properties, which may be exploited in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. **Significantly Expressed Cells:** 1. **Goblet cells:** EPO is expressed in goblet cells, which are responsible for producing mucus in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. 2. **Intestinal crypt stem cells:** EPO is expressed in intestinal crypt stem cells, which are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. 3. **Cerebral cortex GABAergic interneurons:** EPO is expressed in GABAergic interneurons, which are involved in regulating neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex. 4. **Forebrain radial glial cells:** EPO is expressed in forebrain radial glial cells, which are involved in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system. **Proteins:** 1. **EPO_HUMAN (Erythropoietin):** This is the human version of the EPO protein, which is encoded by the EPO gene. In conclusion, EPO is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in regulating erythropoiesis and beyond. Its dysregulation is implicated in various diseases, including erythropoietic disorders, cancer, and neurological disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of EPO action and its clinical significance.

Genular Protein ID: 2759517898

Symbol: EPO_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01588 Q2M2L6 Q549U2 Q9UDZ0 Q9UEZ5 Q9UHA0

Database IDs:

AGR 1 Allergome 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 16 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 42 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 7 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 6 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3838366

Title: Isolation and characterization of genomic and cDNA clones of human erythropoietin.

PubMed ID: 3838366

DOI: 10.1038/313806a0

PubMed ID: 3865178

Title: Cloning and expression of the human erythropoietin gene.

PubMed ID: 3865178

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.22.7580

PubMed ID: 9799793

Title: Large-scale sequencing of two regions in human chromosome 7q22: analysis of 650 kb of genomic sequence around the EPO and CUTL1 loci reveals 17 genes.

PubMed ID: 9799793

DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.10.1060

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8396923

Title: Gene expression of mutant erythropoietin in hepatocellular carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 8396923

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2104

PubMed ID: 3949763

Title: Structural characterization of human erythropoietin.

PubMed ID: 3949763

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35756-3

PubMed ID: 6698989

Title: Isolation of human erythropoietin with monoclonal antibodies.

PubMed ID: 6698989

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43202-9

PubMed ID: 3346214

Title: Comparative study of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human erythropoietins purified from urine and the culture medium of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells.

PubMed ID: 3346214

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68975-6

PubMed ID: 3219367

Title: Site-specific glycosylation of human recombinant erythropoietin: analysis of glycopeptides or peptides at each glycosylation site by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 3219367

DOI: 10.1021/bi00423a017

PubMed ID: 1820196

Title: Structures and functional roles of the sugar chains of human erythropoietins.

PubMed ID: 1820196

DOI: 10.1093/glycob/1.4.337

PubMed ID: 11739166

Title: Sugar profiling proves that human serum erythropoietin differs from recombinant human erythropoietin.

PubMed ID: 11739166

DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.13.3626

PubMed ID: 32989016

Title: The endoplasmic reticulum cargo receptor SURF4 facilitates efficient erythropoietin secretion.

PubMed ID: 32989016

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00180-20

PubMed ID: 29514032

Title: A Gain-of-function mutation in EPO in familial erythrocytosis.

PubMed ID: 29514032

DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1709064

PubMed ID: 9774108

Title: Efficiency of signalling through cytokine receptors depends critically on receptor orientation.

PubMed ID: 9774108

DOI: 10.1038/26773

PubMed ID: 9783743

Title: NMR structure of human erythropoietin and a comparison with its receptor bound conformation.

PubMed ID: 9783743

DOI: 10.1038/2302

PubMed ID: 18458324

Title: Promoter polymorphism of the erythropoietin gene in severe diabetic eye and kidney complications.

PubMed ID: 18458324

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800454105

PubMed ID: 27651169

Title: Gene panel sequencing improves the diagnostic work-up of patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis and identifies new mutations.

PubMed ID: 27651169

DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.144063

PubMed ID: 28283061

Title: Functional selectivity in cytokine signaling revealed through a pathogenic EPO mutation.

PubMed ID: 28283061

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.026

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 193
  • Mass: 21307
  • Checksum: C91F0E4C26A52033
  • Sequence:
    • MGVHECPAWL WLLLSLLSLP LGLPVLGAPP RLICDSRVLE RYLLEAKEAE NITTGCAEHC 
SLNENITVPD TKVNFYAWKR MEVGQQAVEV WQGLALLSEA VLRGQALLVN SSQPWEPLQL 
HVDKAVSGLR SLTTLLRALG AQKEAISPPD AASAAPLRTI TADTFRKLFR VYSNFLRGKL 
KLYTGEACRT GDR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.