Details for: PDYN

Gene ID: 5173

Symbol: PDYN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000101327

Description: prodynorphin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000624)
    Fold Change: 1.7596
    Cell Significance Index: 16.4600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.3214
    Cell Significance Index: 21.6100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.0533
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0200
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0385
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6000
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0353
    Cell Significance Index: 24.4200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0132
    Cell Significance Index: -24.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7800
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -24.7100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0179
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0183
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0189
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0253
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0302
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0418
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0626
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4300
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: -0.0700
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0732
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0780
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1093
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5200
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.1188
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.1400
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.1402
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0500
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.1491
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.1539
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: -0.1615
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: -0.1758
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1793
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7600
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: -0.1797
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9200
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000897)
    Fold Change: -0.1821
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: -0.1905
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: -0.1941
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9800
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: -0.1962
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: -0.2152
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: unswitched memory B cell (CL0000970)
    Fold Change: -0.2183
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2185
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4300
  • Cell Name: naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000895)
    Fold Change: -0.2248
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400
  • Cell Name: basophil mast progenitor cell (CL0002028)
    Fold Change: -0.2311
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2321
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2471
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0900
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell precursor (CL0002375)
    Fold Change: -0.2530
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2532
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2100
  • Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
    Fold Change: -0.2929
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2980
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.3094
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8400
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: -0.3106
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.3151
    Cell Significance Index: -19.8600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.3237
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2500
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.3238
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0000
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: -0.3244
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8300
  • Cell Name: muscle fibroblast (CL1001609)
    Fold Change: -0.3265
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.3328
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6000
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.3728
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0600
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.3806
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.3981
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3600
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: -0.3982
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030067)
    Fold Change: -0.4389
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.4519
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.4531
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.4696
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5400
  • Cell Name: medium spiny neuron (CL1001474)
    Fold Change: -0.4706
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3500
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.4835
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0600
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.4875
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9200
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.4960
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2300
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.5146
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.5157
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5600
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.5268
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2600
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.5476
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.5682
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0600
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.5783
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6100
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.5879
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2700
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.5909
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6300
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.6216
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2900
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.6284
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.6332
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.6364
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6500
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.6693
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3700
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.6723
    Cell Significance Index: -17.1300
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.6747
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1800
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.6842
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8300
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.7033
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.7126
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2100
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.7171
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9100
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.7343
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3700
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.7361
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.7525
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4000
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.7872
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7500
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: -0.7881
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7900
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.7945
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.8069
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0900
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.8356
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.8419
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0900
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.8425
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4400
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: -0.8446
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: -0.8653
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1000
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: -0.8723
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.8778
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9600
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: -0.8805
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7500
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: -0.8806
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Gene Structure**: PDYN is a single-copy gene located on chromosome 6p21.3, which encodes a 4.2-kilobase mRNA transcript. 2. **Protein Structure**: The PDYN protein is a 24-kilodalton precursor protein that is cleaved into three mature dynorphin-A peptides, which are potent opioid agonists. 3. **Cellular Expression**: PDYN is expressed in a wide range of cell types, including plasma cells, dendritic cells, GABAergic interneurons, and endothelial cells, highlighting its diverse roles in the immune system and beyond. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Neurotransmission**: PDYN is involved in opioid signaling, modulating pain perception, mood regulation, and cognitive function through its interaction with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). 2. **Immune System**: PDYN is expressed in immune cells, including plasma cells and dendritic cells, where it may play a role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. 3. **Neuroinflammation**: PDYN has been implicated in neuroinflammation, where it may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 4. **Cardiovascular System**: PDYN is expressed in endothelial cells, where it may regulate blood pressure, vascular tone, and atherosclerosis. 5. **Cancer**: PDYN has been found to be overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Pain Management**: PDYN and its receptor agonists may offer new therapeutic opportunities for pain management, particularly in cases resistant to conventional treatments. 2. **Neurodegenerative Diseases**: Understanding the role of PDYN in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 3. **Cancer Therapy**: Targeting PDYN and its signaling pathways may provide a new approach to cancer treatment, particularly in combination with other therapies. 4. **Immune System Disorders**: PDYN's role in regulating immune responses and inflammation may offer insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In conclusion, PDYN is a multifaceted gene with significant implications for our understanding of the immune system, neuroinflammation, and various diseases. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and clinical significance of PDYN, but its potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker for disease diagnosis is undeniable.

Genular Protein ID: 3059708605

Symbol: PDYN_HUMAN

Name: Proenkephalin-B

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01213 A8K0Q3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 8 EMDB 2 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 12 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PIR 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 4 RefSeq 13 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6316163

Title: Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin B gene.

PubMed ID: 6316163

DOI: 10.1038/306611a0

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 11780052

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.

PubMed ID: 11780052

DOI: 10.1038/414865a

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 9047294

Title: NMR and structural model of dynorphin A (1-17) bound to dodecylphosphocholine micelles.

PubMed ID: 9047294

DOI: 10.1021/bi961457h

PubMed ID: 17316701

Title: Dynorphin peptides differentially regulate the human kappa opioid receptor.

PubMed ID: 17316701

DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.018

PubMed ID: 16515546

Title: Big dynorphin as a putative endogenous ligand for the kappa-opioid receptor.

PubMed ID: 16515546

DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03732.x

PubMed ID: 21035104

Title: Prodynorphin mutations cause the neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 23.

PubMed ID: 21035104

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.001

PubMed ID: 21712028

Title: Perturbations of model membranes induced by pathogenic dynorphin A mutants causing neurodegeneration in human brain.

PubMed ID: 21712028

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.105

PubMed ID: 23108490

Title: The frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 in a UK population.

PubMed ID: 23108490

DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6721-1

PubMed ID: 23471613

Title: Identification and characterization of novel PDYN mutations in dominant cerebellar ataxia cases.

PubMed ID: 23471613

DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-6882-6

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 254
  • Mass: 28385
  • Checksum: 783E7D6AC068CE68
  • Sequence:
    • MAWQGLVLAA CLLMFPSTTA DCLSRCSLCA VKTQDGPKPI NPLICSLQCQ AALLPSEEWE 
RCQSFLSFFT PSTLGLNDKE DLGSKSVGEG PYSELAKLSG SFLKELEKSK FLPSISTKEN 
TLSKSLEEKL RGLSDGFREG AESELMRDAQ LNDGAMETGT LYLAEEDPKE QVKRYGGFLR 
KYPKRSSEVA GEGDGDSMGH EDLYKRYGGF LRRIRPKLKW DNQKRYGGFL RRQFKVVTRS 
QEDPNAYSGE LFDA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.