Details for: GHRH

Gene ID: 2691

Symbol: GHRH

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000118702

Description: growth hormone releasing hormone

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 2.9661
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 2.9219
    Cell Significance Index: 93.5900
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 2.1305
    Cell Significance Index: 17.6200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.2147
    Cell Significance Index: 55.0600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.0036
    Cell Significance Index: 191.0000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 0.9916
    Cell Significance Index: 16.3400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.6830
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5500
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.5991
    Cell Significance Index: 59.2600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5179
    Cell Significance Index: 467.5800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic epsilon cell (CL0005019)
    Fold Change: 0.4587
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2500
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.4337
    Cell Significance Index: 26.0400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.4281
    Cell Significance Index: 46.5700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3355
    Cell Significance Index: 54.5700
  • Cell Name: type G enteroendocrine cell (CL0000508)
    Fold Change: 0.3342
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5400
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.2638
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.2430
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2332
    Cell Significance Index: 16.1300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of thymus (CL0002293)
    Fold Change: 0.1879
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4500
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 0.1636
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7900
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 0.0851
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0811
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8500
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.0572
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7900
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.0570
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0480
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0700
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.0413
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.0325
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4900
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.0310
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0309
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6400
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0155
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0149
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4300
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1600
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: 0.0126
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1600
  • Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
    Fold Change: 0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9900
  • Cell Name: urothelial cell (CL0000731)
    Fold Change: 0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0001
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0063
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0081
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: professional antigen presenting cell (CL0000145)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.0142
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: -0.0199
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0218
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: -0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: -0.0242
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0254
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0257
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0261
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0275
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: -0.0278
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0285
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: medium spiny neuron (CL1001474)
    Fold Change: -0.0311
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0317
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0330
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure and Function:** GHRH is a 28-amino acid peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted into the hypophyseal portal system, where it stimulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. 2. **Cellular Expression:** GHRH is significantly expressed in various cell types, including blood vessel endothelial cells, enterocytes, plasma cells, and hematopoietic stem cells, highlighting its widespread role in physiological processes. 3. **Receptor Binding:** GHRH binds to the growth hormone receptor, triggering a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the release of growth hormone. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **GHRH-Receptor Signaling:** The binding of GHRH to its receptor activates a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway, leading to the activation of adenylate cyclase and the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP). 2. **GH Secretion:** The cAMP-mediated signaling pathway stimulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland, which in turn regulates various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, and body composition. 3. **Regulation of Metabolism:** GHRH plays a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by stimulating the release of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone. 4. **Growth and Development:** GHRH is essential for normal growth and development, particularly during childhood and adolescence, and its dysfunction has been implicated in growth hormone deficiency. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Growth Hormone Deficiency:** GHRH deficiency is a rare but significant disorder that can result in growth failure, delayed puberty, and other metabolic abnormalities. 2. **Growth Hormone Secretagogues:** GHRH analogs, such as somatostatin analogs, are used to treat growth hormone deficiency and acromegaly. 3. **Regulation of Metabolic Disorders:** GHRH plays a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, making it a potential target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. 4. **Circadian Rhythm Regulation:** GHRH has been shown to regulate the circadian sleep-wake cycle, highlighting its importance in maintaining normal physiological rhythms. In conclusion, the growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is a crucial regulator of growth and development, and its dysregulation can have significant clinical consequences. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which GHRH regulates physiological processes and to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders and growth hormone deficiency.

Genular Protein ID: 742483230

Symbol: SLIB_HUMAN

Name: Somatoliberin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01286 Q4KN10 Q5JYR1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 15 EMDB 2 Ensembl 4 GO 20 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 4 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6192430

Title: Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the precursor of human growth hormone-releasing factor, somatocrinin.

PubMed ID: 6192430

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.14.4311

PubMed ID: 3918305

Title: Gene encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor precursor: structure, sequence, and chromosomal assignment.

PubMed ID: 3918305

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.1.63

PubMed ID: 11780052

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.

PubMed ID: 11780052

DOI: 10.1038/414865a

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 6415488

Title: Expression-cloning and sequence of a cDNA encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor.

PubMed ID: 6415488

DOI: 10.1038/306086a0

PubMed ID: 6812220

Title: Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused acromegaly.

PubMed ID: 6812220

DOI: 10.1126/science.6812220

PubMed ID: 24029240

Title: Comparative inhibition of the GH/IGF-I axis obtained with either the targeted secretion inhibitor SXN101959 or the somatostatin analog octreotide in growing male rats.

PubMed ID: 24029240

DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1427

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 2854259

Title: Solution conformations of human growth hormone releasing factor: comparison of the restrained molecular dynamics and distance geometry methods for a system without long-range distance data.

PubMed ID: 2854259

DOI: 10.1093/protein/1.5.399

PubMed ID: 3029387

Title: Solution structure of human growth hormone releasing factor. Combined use of circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

PubMed ID: 3029387

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90147-6

PubMed ID: 26324071

Title: Structural analysis of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type D as a platform for the development of targeted secretion inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 26324071

DOI: 10.1038/srep13397

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 108
  • Mass: 12447
  • Checksum: 366AE05383488C53
  • Sequence:
    • MPLWVFFFVI LTLSNSSHCS PPPPLTLRMR RYADAIFTNS YRKVLGQLSA RKLLQDIMSR 
QQGESNQERG ARARLGRQVD SMWAEQKQME LESILVALLQ KHSRNSQG

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.