Details for: HTN3

Gene ID: 3347

Symbol: HTN3

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000205649

Description: histatin 3

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: 4.71
    Marker Score: 30367
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 3.76
    Marker Score: 6842
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 3.52
    Marker Score: 8030
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: 3.16
    Marker Score: 3180
  • Cell Name: memory B cell (CL0000787)
    Fold Change: 3.16
    Marker Score: 2389
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Marker Score: 694
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: naive B cell (CL0000788)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 1107
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 7693
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive helper T cell (CL0000492)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 1115
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71824
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48051
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30408
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2413
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5355
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2744
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 1475
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 195
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 491
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5292
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 714
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 405
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 1245
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 537
  • Cell Name: mature NK T cell (CL0000814)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 289
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 745
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 284
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell (CL0000185)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 127
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 434
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 610
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 223
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 171
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 220
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 95
  • Cell Name: neutrophil (CL0000775)
    Fold Change: 0.18
    Marker Score: 109
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.16
    Marker Score: 140
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 187.5
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 98
  • Cell Name: natural killer cell (CL0000623)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 63
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 68
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 108
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 26
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 196
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 59
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 144
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 24.5
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 90
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: intermediate monocyte (CL0002393)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 80
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell (CL0000313)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 56.5
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 28
  • Cell Name: T cell (CL0000084)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 80
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000897)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.04
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CL0000784)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 16.5
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 18
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 125
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000909)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 26
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: type I NK T cell (CL0000921)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 72
  • Cell Name: class switched memory B cell (CL0000972)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 33
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 0.03
    Marker Score: 17
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 56
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 20
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: regulatory T cell (CL0000815)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 35
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 90
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 38
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 910.5
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 24
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 19
  • Cell Name: respiratory basal cell (CL0002633)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.02
    Marker Score: 870
  • Cell Name: effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001044)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000003)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 41
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 0.01
    Marker Score: 24

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Other Information

## Summary Histatin 3 (HTN3) is a protein that is highly expressed in various cell types, including progenitor cells, microglial cells, acinar cells of the salivary gland, blood vessel endothelial cells, memory B cells, duct epithelial cells, adventitial cells, naive B cells, goblet cells, and CD4-positive helper T cells. It is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including antimicrobial peptide production, defense against bacteria and fungi, extracellular matrix development, and wound healing. ## Key characteristics * **Structure:** HTN3 is a large protein with a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa. * **Function:** HTN3 is a key regulator of fibroblast proliferation, wound healing, and immune responses. * **Expression:** HTN3 is highly expressed in cells of the immune system, particularly in macrophages and dendritic cells. * **Regulation:** HTN3 expression is regulated by various factors, including cytokines and growth factors. ## Pathways and functions * **Antimicrobial peptides:** HTN3 is a key regulator of antimicrobial peptide production by epithelial cells. * **Defense against bacteria and fungi:** HTN3 helps to protect cells from infection by binding to bacterial and fungal components and triggering the production of antimicrobial peptides. * **Extracellular region:** The extracellular region of HTN3 is involved in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. * **Immune system:** HTN3 is a component of the innate immune system, where it helps to recognize and respond to pathogens. * **Wound healing:** HTN3 is involved in wound healing by promoting the migration of fibroblasts and promoting the formation of new blood vessels. ## Clinical significance * **Cancer:** HTN3 is a potential tumor suppressor gene. Studies have shown that mutations in HTN3 are associated with certain types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer. * **Fibrosis:** HTN3 is also involved in fibrosis, a condition characterized by the excessive production of extracellular matrix proteins, which can lead to tissue damage and scarring. * **Inflammatory diseases:** HTN3 is also involved in inflammatory diseases, where it can promote the production of inflammatory cytokines.

Genular Protein ID: 574445270

Symbol: HIS3_HUMAN

Name: Histatin-3

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P15516 Q16243 Q502Z1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 5 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 10 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 2 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SASBDB 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2719677

Title: Histatins, a family of salivary histidine-rich proteins, are encoded by at least two loci (HIS1 and HIS2).

PubMed ID: 2719677

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92460-1

PubMed ID: 3426601

Title: Human submandibular gland statherin and basic histidine-rich peptide are encoded by highly abundant mRNA's derived from a common ancestral sequence.

PubMed ID: 3426601

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90436-0

PubMed ID: 2344289

Title: Molecular cloning of human submandibular histatins.

PubMed ID: 2344289

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(90)90175-a

PubMed ID: 8336540

Title: Nucleotide sequence analysis of the human salivary protein genes HIS1 and HIS2, and evolution of the STATH/HIS gene family.

PubMed ID: 8336540

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040022

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7951254

Title: Two coding change mutations in the HIS2(2) allele characterize the salivary histatin 3-2 protein variant.

PubMed ID: 7951254

DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380040103

PubMed ID: 3286634

Title: Histatins, a novel family of histidine-rich proteins in human parotid secretion. Isolation, characterization, primary structure, and fungistatic effects on Candida albicans.

PubMed ID: 3286634

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68522-9

PubMed ID: 2372245

Title: Rapid purification and characterization of histatins (histidine-rich polypeptides) from human whole saliva.

PubMed ID: 2372245

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(90)90202-l

PubMed ID: 15272024

Title: A cascade of 24 histatins (histatin 3 fragments) in human saliva. Suggestions for a pre-secretory sequential cleavage pathway.

PubMed ID: 15272024

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404322200

PubMed ID: 8945538

Title: Candidacidal activity of recombinant human salivary histatin-5 and variants.

PubMed ID: 8945538

DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.12.5000-5007.1996

PubMed ID: 10423240

Title: Zn(2+) ions selectively induce antimicrobial salivary peptide histatin-5 to fuse negatively charged vesicles. Identification and characterization of a zinc-binding motif present in the functional domain.

PubMed ID: 10423240

DOI: 10.1021/bi990212c

PubMed ID: 10066791

Title: The cellular target of histatin 5 on Candida albicans is the energized mitochondrion.

PubMed ID: 10066791

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.11.7286

PubMed ID: 11083804

Title: Released ATP is an extracellular cytotoxic mediator in salivary histatin 5-induced killing of Candida albicans.

PubMed ID: 11083804

DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.12.6848-6856.2000

PubMed ID: 11226423

Title: Zinc and copper bind to unique sites of histatin 5.

PubMed ID: 11226423

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02157-3

PubMed ID: 11179305

Title: Salivary histatin 5 is an inhibitor of both host and bacterial enzymes implicated in periodontal disease.

PubMed ID: 11179305

DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.3.1402-1408.2001

PubMed ID: 11717389

Title: The human salivary peptide histatin 5 exerts its antifungal activity through the formation of reactive oxygen species.

PubMed ID: 11717389

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.141366998

PubMed ID: 12761219

Title: Candida albicans Ssa1/2p is the cell envelope binding protein for human salivary histatin 5.

PubMed ID: 12761219

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300680200

PubMed ID: 12939362

Title: Calcium blocks fungicidal activity of human salivary histatin 5 through disruption of binding with Candida albicans.

PubMed ID: 12939362

DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200917

PubMed ID: 15485849

Title: The TRK1 potassium transporter is the critical effector for killing of Candida albicans by the cationic protein, Histatin 5.

PubMed ID: 15485849

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411031200

PubMed ID: 14966203

Title: Immunocytochemical localization of histatins in human salivary glands.

PubMed ID: 14966203

DOI: 10.1177/002215540405200307

PubMed ID: 17503797

Title: Tyrosine polysulfation of human salivary histatin 1. A post-translational modification specific of the submandibular gland.

PubMed ID: 17503797

DOI: 10.1021/pr0700706

PubMed ID: 18650243

Title: Histatins are the major wound-closure stimulating factors in human saliva as identified in a cell culture assay.

PubMed ID: 18650243

DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-112003

PubMed ID: 18974864

Title: The antimicrobial peptide histatin-5 causes a spatially restricted disruption on the Candida albicans surface, allowing rapid entry of the peptide into the cytoplasm.

PubMed ID: 18974864

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000190

PubMed ID: 19846304

Title: A plausible role of salivary copper in antimicrobial activity of histatin-5--metal binding and oxidative activity of its copper complex.

PubMed ID: 19846304

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.119

PubMed ID: 20973643

Title: Salivary peptidomics.

PubMed ID: 20973643

DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.48

PubMed ID: 20487276

Title: Salivary histatin 5 internalization by translocation, but not endocytosis, is required for fungicidal activity in Candida albicans.

PubMed ID: 20487276

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07210.x

PubMed ID: 22033918

Title: Histatin 5 uptake by Candida albicans utilizes polyamine transporters Dur3 and Dur31 proteins.

PubMed ID: 22033918

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.311175

PubMed ID: 23613860

Title: Histatin 5 resistance of Candida glabrata can be reversed by insertion of Candida albicans polyamine transporter-encoding genes DUR3 and DUR31.

PubMed ID: 23613860

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061480

PubMed ID: 26379655

Title: Histatin 5 inhibits adhesion of C. albicans to Reconstructed Human Oral Epithelium.

PubMed ID: 26379655

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00885

PubMed ID: 27390786

Title: The action of ten secreted aspartic proteases of pathogenic yeast Candida albicans on major human salivary antimicrobial peptide, histatin 5.

PubMed ID: 27390786

DOI: 10.18388/abp.2016_1318

PubMed ID: 26775844

Title: Salivary protein histatin 3 regulates cell proliferation by enhancing p27(Kip1) and heat shock cognate protein 70 ubiquitination.

PubMed ID: 26775844

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.072

PubMed ID: 28261570

Title: Human Salivary Protein Histatin 5 Has Potent Bactericidal Activity against ESKAPE Pathogens.

PubMed ID: 28261570

DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00041

PubMed ID: 28763199

Title: Specific Histidine Residues Confer Histatin Peptides with Copper-Dependent Activity against Candida albicans.

PubMed ID: 28763199

DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00348

PubMed ID: 32225006

Title: Salivary Histatin 1 and 2 Are Targeted to Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum in Human Cells.

PubMed ID: 32225006

DOI: 10.3390/cells9040795

PubMed ID: 32751915

Title: Zinc Binding by Histatin 5 Promotes Fungicidal Membrane Disruption in C. albicans and C. glabrata.

PubMed ID: 32751915

DOI: 10.3390/jof6030124

PubMed ID: 31675138

Title: Effects of histatin 5 modifications on antifungal activity and kinetics of proteolysis.

PubMed ID: 31675138

DOI: 10.1002/pro.3767

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 51
  • Mass: 6149
  • Checksum: AFCCB4B32083FD65
  • Sequence:
    • MKFFVFALIL ALMLSMTGAD SHAKRHHGYK RKFHEKHHSH RGYRSNYLYD N

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.