Details for: GGT7

Gene ID: 2686

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: GGT7

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000131067

Description: gamma-glutamyltransferase 7

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 12.15
    rCSI 29.53%
    PRS 61.18
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 11.85
    rCSI 42.63%
    PRS 61.14
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 10.97
    rCSI 41.45%
    PRS 63.71
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 9.29
    rCSI 26.13%
    PRS 75.85
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 8.53
    rCSI 26.67%
    PRS 64.86
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 7.93
    rCSI 5.69%
    PRS 92.26
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 6.77
    rCSI 8.42%
    PRS 61.08
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 6.09
    rCSI 35.85%
    PRS 63.87
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 5.66
    rCSI 9.49%
    PRS 63.13
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 13.96%
    PRS 71.51
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 8.24%
    PRS 75.07
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 4.36
    rCSI 13.64%
    PRS 67.19
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 4.35
    rCSI 7.67%
    PRS 76.4
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 4.24
    rCSI 3.35%
    PRS 70
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 8.9%
    PRS 66.85
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 2.98%
    PRS 74.64
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 3.94
    rCSI 5.58%
    PRS 77.66
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 3.72
    rCSI 7.47%
    PRS 71.33
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 3.52
    rCSI 3.68%
    PRS 80.29
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 3.31
    rCSI 4.75%
    PRS 70.83
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 3.01%
    PRS 81.61
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 2.68%
    PRS 81.64
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 3.19
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 78.59
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 3.12
    rCSI 3.01%
    PRS 74.39
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 3.06
    rCSI 13%
    PRS 73.23
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 3.81%
    PRS 64.35
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 6.73%
    PRS 72.56
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 2.91
    rCSI 3.99%
    PRS 72.35
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 2.91
    rCSI 41.3%
    PRS 72.02
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 4.74%
    PRS 70.55
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 2.86
    rCSI 3.06%
    PRS 82.26
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 9.52%
    PRS 64.88
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 3.11%
    PRS 82.65
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 2.77
    rCSI 2.07%
    PRS 92.31
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 2.73
    rCSI 5.12%
    PRS 69.44
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 63.29
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 12.82%
    PRS 80.72
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 4.76%
    PRS 74.26
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 84.52
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 2.62
    rCSI 3.19%
    PRS 86.89
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 2.61
    rCSI 3.02%
    PRS 73
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 2.52
    rCSI 4.46%
    PRS 62.57
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.52
    rCSI 3.02%
    PRS 78.81
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 18.22%
    PRS 68.44
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 3.62%
    PRS 85.52
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 2.45
    rCSI 5.65%
    PRS 68.99
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 9.01%
    PRS 73.6
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.66%
    PRS 80.97
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 3.05%
    PRS 85.73
  • fast muscle cell CL0000190
    CSI 2.33
    rCSI 9.09%
    PRS 77.12
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 2.31
    rCSI 2.96%
    PRS 76.91
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 2.27
    rCSI 3.04%
    PRS 86.68
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 45.89%
    PRS 70.76
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 3.31%
    PRS 73.92
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 2.24
    rCSI 4.61%
    PRS 68.21
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 2.86%
    PRS 83.98
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 2.22
    rCSI 3.29%
    PRS 84.64
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 84.33
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 2.47%
    PRS 73.35
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 43.38%
    PRS 71.88
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 4.67%
    PRS 63.98
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 5.38%
    PRS 81.89
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 49.38%
    PRS 61.41
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 5.43%
    PRS 68.42
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 49.03%
    PRS 61.98
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 1.92%
    PRS 89.79
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 7.61%
    PRS 72.9
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.83
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 80.04
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.82
    rCSI 2.26%
    PRS 78.94
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 1.73
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 75.43
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 5.83%
    PRS 67.03
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 2.69%
    PRS 74.07
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 72.48
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 2.69%
    PRS 64.69
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 2.27%
    PRS 72.66
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.66
    rCSI 4.12%
    PRS 80.79
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 1.66
    rCSI 9.39%
    PRS 67.03
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 1.64
    rCSI 5.23%
    PRS 78.42
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 1.61
    rCSI 3.48%
    PRS 68.5
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 1.55
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 76.49
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 1.48
    rCSI 4.75%
    PRS 77.6
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 1.35
    rCSI 6.03%
    PRS 65
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 1.24
    rCSI 2.97%
    PRS 67.78
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.23
    rCSI 1.98%
    PRS 71.2
  • basket cell CL0000118
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 7.51%
    PRS 60.94
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.15
    rCSI 1.76%
    PRS 77.73
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 0.97
    rCSI 3.71%
    PRS 72.1
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 0.93
    rCSI 8.02%
    PRS 69.2
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 0.86
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 70.52
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 0.82
    rCSI 2.68%
    PRS 66.81
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 0.78
    rCSI 4.85%
    PRS 72.73
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.59
    rCSI 4.79%
    PRS 75.25
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 0.53
    rCSI 4.68%
    PRS 68.96
  • GABAergic interneuron CL0011005
    CSI 0.37
    rCSI 5.89%
    PRS 82.02

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [GGT7](/details-gene/2686), or Gamma-glutamyltransferase 7, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 20q11.22. It functions as a membrane-associated enzyme primarily involved in glutathione metabolism, specifically contributing to both the catabolism and biosynthesis of this critical antioxidant ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02227-1)). Its enzymatic activity, classified as glutathione hydrolase activity ([GO:0036374](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0036374)), positions it as a key regulator of cellular redox state and detoxification processes. Expression data reveals that **Overall**, [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) is most significant in the central nervous system, showing particularly high expression in diverse subtypes of cortical neurons, including [L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4023040) and [L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron](/details-cell/CL4023041), as well as in [stromal cells](/details-cell/CL0000499). This suggests a specialized role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in cells with high metabolic activity and susceptibility to oxidative stress. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) strongly points to a primary function within the central nervous system, particularly in cortical circuits. The **Overall** context shows its highest significance in a range of glutamatergic neuron populations, including [L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4023040) (CSI: 12.15), [L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron](/details-cell/CL4023041) (CSI: 11.85), and [near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron](/details-cell/CL4023012) (CSI: 10.97). Its notable expression in GABAergic interneurons like [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018) further suggests its importance is not restricted to excitatory neurons but extends to the broader neuronal network, likely supporting the high metabolic demands and oxidative burden common to these cells. Beyond the brain, [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) demonstrates significant expression in [stromal cell](/details-cell/CL0000499) (CSI: 9.29) and [kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL1000768) (CSI: 5.50). This pattern indicates a broader role in tissues involved in structural support, filtration, and detoxification, consistent with its function in glutathione metabolism. The diverse cellular contexts where [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) is active suggest it serves a fundamental housekeeping role in managing cellular redox balance and processing metabolic byproducts. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) is integral to glutathione-mediated processes. Gene Ontology annotations place it centrally in both `Glutathione biosynthetic process` ([GO:0006750](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006750)) and `Glutathione catabolic process` ([GO:0006751](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006751)). This dual role is crucial for recycling the components of glutathione, a key tripeptide that protects cells from oxidative damage. Its activity is essential for the `Negative regulation of response to oxidative stress` ([GO:1902883](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1902883)), which is particularly vital for the survival of high-energy-demand cells like neurons. As an enzyme localized to the `Plasma membrane` ([GO:0005886](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005886)), it is positioned to process extracellular glutathione or related substrates. Reactome pathway analysis further expands on its role in detoxification and metabolism. [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) is implicated in `Glutathione synthesis and recycling` ([R-HSA-174403](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-174403)) and `Phase ii - conjugation of compounds` ([R-HSA-156580](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-156580)). Its involvement in pathways like `Drug adme` ([R-HSA-9748784](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9748784)) and `Paracetamol adme` ([R-HSA-9753281](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-9753281)) underscores its function in metabolizing xenobiotics, a process heavily reliant on glutathione conjugation. This aligns with its expression in kidney epithelial cells, which are central to drug clearance. ## Research Directions The prominent and specific expression of [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) in cortical neurons, coupled with its core function in managing oxidative stress, provides a strong basis for further investigation into its role in neurological health and disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its role in glutathione metabolism and high expression in neurons, it is hypothesized that downregulation or dysfunction of [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) compromises neuronal resilience to oxidative stress, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. 2. The involvement of [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) in drug metabolism pathways suggests that genetic variants or differential expression of this gene in neurons could modulate individual responses to neuroactive drugs or susceptibility to neurotoxins that cross the blood-brain barrier. **Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding its neuroprotective role, one could utilize a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. These GGT7-null neurons, along with isogenic controls, would be subjected to oxidative stressors (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, rotenone). Key experimental readouts would include measuring cell viability (e.g., via lactate dehydrogenase release assay), quantifying intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and assessing the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) via mass spectrometry. A significant increase in cell death and ROS levels in the knockout line would support a critical neuroprotective function for [GGT7](/details-gene/2686). **Therapeutic Potential:** Based on its function, [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) is unlikely to be a target for inhibition. Instead, it presents a potential therapeutic target for **activation**. In conditions characterized by elevated oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, such as in many neurodegenerative diseases, enhancing [GGT7](/details-gene/2686) activity or expression could be beneficial. Strategies might include the development of small-molecule activators that enhance its enzymatic function or gene therapy approaches aimed at boosting its expression in vulnerable neuronal populations. As a plasma membrane protein, it could be more accessible to pharmacological intervention than intracellular targets.

Genular Protein ID: 913002821

Symbol: GGT7_HUMAN

Name: Gamma-glutamyltransferase 7

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12270127

Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of CT120, a novel membrane-associated gene involved in amino acid transport and glutathione metabolism.

PubMed ID: 12270127

DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02227-1

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12693554

Title: Characterization of long cDNA clones from human adult spleen. II. The complete sequences of 81 cDNA clones.

PubMed ID: 12693554

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/10.1.49

PubMed ID: 11780052

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.

PubMed ID: 11780052

DOI: 10.1038/414865a

PubMed ID: 18357469

Title: The human gamma-glutamyltransferase gene family.

PubMed ID: 18357469

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0487-7

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 662
  • Mass: 70467
  • Checksum: 29DDBC719CADD195
  • Sequence:
  • MAAENEASQE SALGAYSPVD YMSITSFPRL PEDEPAPAAP LRGRKDEDAF LGDPDTDPDS 
    FLKSARLQRL PSSSSEMGSQ DGSPLRETRK DPFSAAAAEC SCRQDGLTVI VTACLTFATG 
    VTVALVMQIY FGDPQIFQQG AVVTDAARCT SLGIEVLSKQ GSSVDAAVAA ALCLGIVAPH 
    SSGLGGGGVM LVHDIRRNES HLIDFRESAP GALREETLQR SWETKPGLLV GVPGMVKGLH 
    EAHQLYGRLP WSQVLAFAAA VAQDGFNVTH DLARALAEQL PPNMSERFRE TFLPSGRPPL 
    PGSLLHRPDL AEVLDVLGTS GPAAFYAGGN LTLEMVAEAQ HAGGVITEED FSNYSALVEK 
    PVCGVYRGHL VLSPPPPHTG PALISALNIL EGFNLTSLVS REQALHWVAE TLKIALALAS 
    RLGDPVYDST ITESMDDMLS KVEAAYLRGH INDSQAAPAP LLPVYELDGA PTAAQVLIMG 
    PDDFIVAMVS SLNQPFGSGL ITPSGILLNS QMLDFSWPNR TANHSAPSLE NSVQPGKRPL 
    SFLLPTVVRP AEGLCGTYLA LGANGAARGL SGLTQVLLNV LTLNRNLSDS LARGRLHPDL 
    QSNLLQVDSE FTEEEIEFLE ARGHHVEKVD VLSWVHGSRR TNNFIIAVKD PRSPDAAGAT 
    IL

Genular Protein ID: 1128198455

Symbol: A0PJJ9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 592
  • Mass: 62566
  • Checksum: 2166F66FF0A949EB
  • Sequence:
  • MAAENEASQE SALGAYSPVD YMSITSFPRL PEDEPAPAAP LRGRKDEDAF LGDPDTDPDS 
    FLKSARLQRL PSSSSEMGSQ DGSPLRETRK DPFSAAAAEC SCRQDGLTVI VTACLTFATG 
    VTVALVMQIY FGDPQIFQQG AVVTDAARCT SLGIEVLSKQ GSSVDAAVAA ALCLGIVAPH 
    SSGLGGGGVM LVHDIRRNES HLIDFRESAP GALREETLQR SWETKPGLLV GVPGMVKGLH 
    EAHQLYGRLP WSQVLAFAAA VAQDGFNVTH DLARALAEQL PPNMSERFRE TFLPSGRPPL 
    PGSLLHRPDL AEVLDVLGTS GPAAFYAGGN LTLEMVAEAQ HAGGVITEED FSNYSALVEK 
    PVCGVYRGHL VLSPPPPHTG PALISALNIL EGFNLTSLVS REQALHWVAE TLKIALALAS 
    RLGDPVYDST ITESMDDMLS KVEAAYLRGH INDSQAAPAP LLPVYELDGA PTAAQVLIMG 
    PDDFIVAMVS SLNQPFGSGL ITPSGILLNS QMLDFSWPNR TANHSAPSLE NSVQPGKRPL 
    SFLLPTVVRP AEGLCGTYLA LGANGAARGL SGLTQVLLNV LTLNRNLSDS LA