Details for: TRNR

Gene ID: 4573

Symbol: TRNR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000210174

Description: tRNA-Arg

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: 40.4704
    Cell Significance Index: 311.3600
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 3.8509
    Cell Significance Index: 96.1800
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 3.4148
    Cell Significance Index: 47.3600
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 1.6740
    Cell Significance Index: 23.8300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.5593
    Cell Significance Index: 70.6800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.9650
    Cell Significance Index: 14.4600
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.9050
    Cell Significance Index: 9.3700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.8004
    Cell Significance Index: 23.0600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.7054
    Cell Significance Index: 44.4600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.6632
    Cell Significance Index: 30.9200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.4279
    Cell Significance Index: 22.2300
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 0.3715
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8000
  • Cell Name: large intestine goblet cell (CL1000320)
    Fold Change: 0.3580
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8800
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: 0.1175
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4800
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: 0.0701
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8500
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5100
  • Cell Name: myometrial cell (CL0002366)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0191
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0235
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0100
  • Cell Name: salivary gland cell (CL0009005)
    Fold Change: -0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0326
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7400
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0393
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0494
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9000
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: -0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: -0.0632
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: adipocyte (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: -0.0750
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of large intestine (CL0009016)
    Fold Change: -0.0766
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell (CL0000499)
    Fold Change: -0.0803
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0808
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8400
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0830
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0913
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0990
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1700
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: -0.1034
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell (CL0000359)
    Fold Change: -0.1036
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.1117
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4200
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: -0.1253
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.1306
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7100
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: -0.1500
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: neural crest cell (CL0011012)
    Fold Change: -0.1525
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6600
  • Cell Name: DN3 thymocyte (CL0000807)
    Fold Change: -0.1576
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5800
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: -0.1702
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: -0.1756
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: regulatory T cell (CL0000815)
    Fold Change: -0.1802
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0900
  • Cell Name: intermediate monocyte (CL0002393)
    Fold Change: -0.1803
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lacrimal sac (CL1000436)
    Fold Change: -0.1945
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.1986
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0600
  • Cell Name: mononuclear phagocyte (CL0000113)
    Fold Change: -0.1988
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: -0.2006
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3600
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: -0.2075
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2700
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: -0.2094
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
    Fold Change: -0.2160
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2400
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: -0.2177
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9900
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.2242
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001044)
    Fold Change: -0.2393
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1600
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell (CL0000451)
    Fold Change: -0.2413
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1500
  • Cell Name: neutrophil (CL0000775)
    Fold Change: -0.2522
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: -0.2624
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: -0.2630
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2000
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: -0.2662
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9000
  • Cell Name: blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0000071)
    Fold Change: -0.2817
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell (CL0000192)
    Fold Change: -0.2823
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.2844
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: ionocyte (CL0005006)
    Fold Change: -0.2898
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.2902
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.2939
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0100
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: -0.2979
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9200
  • Cell Name: pericyte (CL0000669)
    Fold Change: -0.2994
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5900
  • Cell Name: vein endothelial cell (CL0002543)
    Fold Change: -0.3062
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: -0.3170
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2700
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell (CL0000077)
    Fold Change: -0.3225
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell (CL0002062)
    Fold Change: -0.3252
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5700
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.3258
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5700
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: -0.3340
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: -0.3355
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8600
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: -0.3379
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: -0.3424
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3500
  • Cell Name: alveolar adventitial fibroblast (CL4028006)
    Fold Change: -0.3520
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9100
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: -0.3547
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8400
  • Cell Name: plasma cell (CL0000786)
    Fold Change: -0.3571
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: -0.3572
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3900
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: -0.3580
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9100
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: -0.3663
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5400
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: -0.3724
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: -0.3750
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1700
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: -0.3751
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary artery endothelial cell (CL1001568)
    Fold Change: -0.3762
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0200
  • Cell Name: bronchus fibroblast of lung (CL2000093)
    Fold Change: -0.3785
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell (CL4028004)
    Fold Change: -0.3969
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: -0.4048
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8000
  • Cell Name: granulocyte (CL0000094)
    Fold Change: -0.4054
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8900
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.4058
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9400
  • Cell Name: tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell (CL0019019)
    Fold Change: -0.4065
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1900
  • Cell Name: lung pericyte (CL0009089)
    Fold Change: -0.4087
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0300
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: -0.4141
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6200
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: -0.4170
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Expression Pattern:** The tRNA-Arg gene is predominantly expressed in cells of the intestinal epithelium, including goblet cells, intestinal crypt stem cells, absorptive cells, transit amplifying cells, and enteroendocrine cells. 2. **Cellular Localization:** The gene is primarily located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells, suggesting its involvement in transcriptional regulation and protein synthesis. 3. **Gene Structure:** The tRNA-Arg gene consists of a single exon, encoding a 76 nucleotide-long tRNA precursor molecule. 4. **Sequence Conservation:** The gene exhibits high sequence conservation across different species, indicating its essential role in fundamental cellular processes. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Translational Regulation:** The tRNA-Arg gene plays a critical role in regulating protein synthesis by encoding the amino acid arginine, which is essential for various cellular processes, including cell signaling, differentiation, and survival. 2. **Intestinal Homeostasis:** The gene's expression in goblet cells and intestinal crypt stem cells suggests its involvement in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and preventing dysregulation. 3. **Cancer Development:** The expression of tRNA-Arg in abnormal and neoplastic cells implies its potential role in cancer development and progression, possibly through dysregulation of protein synthesis and cell growth. 4. **Immune System Regulation:** The gene's expression in enteroendocrine cells and basal cells may also contribute to the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of intestinal inflammation and immune tolerance. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis:** The expression of tRNA-Arg in abnormal and neoplastic cells may serve as a novel biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, particularly in colorectal cancer. 2. **Intestinal Inflammation:** The gene's role in regulating intestinal homeostasis and immune responses makes it a potential target for the treatment of intestinal inflammation and immune-related disorders. 3. **Neurological Disorders:** The expression of tRNA-Arg in enteroendocrine cells and basal cells may also contribute to the development of neurological disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 4. **Gene Therapy:** The understanding of tRNA-Arg's molecular mechanisms and cellular localization may provide a foundation for the development of novel gene therapies targeting this gene for the treatment of various diseases. In conclusion, the tRNA-Arg gene is a critical component of the translational machinery, playing a multifaceted role in regulating protein synthesis, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and potentially contributing to cancer development and progression. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the immunological significance of this gene and its potential applications in disease diagnosis and treatment.

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.