Details for: TRNM

Gene ID: 4569

Gene Type:  tRNA (Transfer RNA)  - A small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis by transferring specific amino acids to the ribosome.

Symbol: TRNM

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000210112

Description: tRNA-Met

Cell Significance Landscape

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 3.27%
    PRS 99.92

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

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  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) is the gene encoding the transfer RNA for the amino acid Methionine (tRNA-Met). As a critical component of the cell's translational machinery, it is responsible for incorporating methionine into nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. The initiator form of tRNA-Met is uniquely required for the initiation of all protein synthesis in eukaryotes. The available expression data suggests that [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) has a particularly significant expression signature in [intermediate monocytes](/details-cell/CL0002393), pointing towards a potentially high rate of protein synthesis or specific translational regulation within this immune cell subset. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression analysis provided highlights the significance of [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) within the context of the myeloid lineage of the immune system. - **Primary Cellular Context:** In the **Overall** context, the gene shows its highest significance in [intermediate monocytes](/details-cell/CL0002393) (CSI: 2.16). These cells are known for their role in inflammation and antigen presentation. The elevated significance of a fundamental translational component like [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) in these cells may indicate a high demand for the synthesis of specific proteins, such as cytokines, chemokines, or other factors essential for their immune function. - **Specificity:** Without data from other cell types, the broader expression landscape remains to be fully defined. However, the pronounced significance in this specific monocyte subset suggests that while [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) is ubiquitously required, its expression levels may be dynamically regulated to meet the specific functional demands of different cell types. ## Pathways and Molecular Function As a transfer RNA, the primary function of [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) is central to the biological process of **Translation**. - **Molecular Function:** [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) functions as an adaptor molecule that reads the genetic code on messenger RNA (mRNA) and delivers the corresponding amino acid, methionine, to the ribosome. The initiator tRNA-Met is essential for recognizing the AUG start codon, thereby initiating translation. The elongator tRNA-Met incorporates methionine at internal AUG codons within a protein's coding sequence. - **Biological Pathways:** The gene product is a fundamental and indispensable component of the **Eukaryotic Translation Initiation** and **Eukaryotic Translation Elongation** pathways. The availability and charging of tRNA-Met can be a rate-limiting step in protein synthesis, suggesting that its expression level is tightly coupled to a cell's overall metabolic and biosynthetic activity. ## Research Directions The specific significance of [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) in [intermediate monocytes](/details-cell/CL0002393) raises intriguing questions about the role of translational regulation in immune cell function and pathology. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. The expression of [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) is a rate-limiting factor for the synthesis of specific methionine-rich inflammatory proteins in [intermediate monocytes](/details-cell/CL0002393) during an immune response. This would imply that upregulation of [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) is a key step in monocyte activation. 2. Pathological conditions characterized by monocyte dysfunction, such as certain autoimmune diseases or chronic inflammatory disorders, may involve the dysregulation of the [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) gene, leading to aberrant protein synthesis profiles that contribute to the disease state. **Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) expression is rate-limiting for inflammatory protein synthesis, one could employ a loss-of-function study. Primary human monocytes could be isolated and treated with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed to specifically degrade [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) transcripts. These cells, along with control cells, would then be stimulated with an inflammatory agent like lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The impact on the proteome could be assessed using pulsed-SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) followed by mass spectrometry to quantify de novo protein synthesis. A significant reduction in the synthesis of key cytokines (e.g., TNF-alpha, IL-6) in the ASO-treated group would support the hypothesis. **Therapeutic Potential:** Targeting a fundamental component of translation like a tRNA presents significant challenges due to its ubiquitous necessity. However, if [TRNM](/details-gene/4569) expression is selectively and dramatically upregulated in pathological cells, such as in certain forms of monocytic leukemia, it could represent a potential therapeutic vulnerability. A strategy would likely involve **inhibition** through targeted delivery of ASOs or other nucleic acid-based therapies to the malignant cells. This approach would aim to slow proliferation by creating a bottleneck in protein synthesis, a common strategy for targeting cancer cells with high metabolic demands. The specificity of delivery would be paramount to minimize off-target effects on healthy tissues.