Details for: TAF1B

Gene ID: 9014

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: TAF1B

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000115750

Description: TATA-box binding protein associated factor, RNA polymerase I subunit B

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 6.65
    rCSI 18.7%
    PRS 65.38
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 5.44
    rCSI 6.73%
    PRS 66.14
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 4.31
    rCSI 5.17%
    PRS 67.57
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 4.08
    rCSI 3.77%
    PRS 70.94
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 3.92
    rCSI 10.48%
    PRS 60.15
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 85.66
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 3.88
    rCSI 5.77%
    PRS 70.13
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 3.71
    rCSI 5.46%
    PRS 62.34
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 3.43
    rCSI 6.04%
    PRS 65.54
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 2.91%
    PRS 73.98
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 3.18%
    PRS 71.89
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 2.41%
    PRS 82.12
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 4.46%
    PRS 67.94
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 3.65%
    PRS 73.58
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 2.72
    rCSI 4.34%
    PRS 73.36
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 1.86%
    PRS 80.69
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 6.95%
    PRS 69.47
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.62
    rCSI 3.33%
    PRS 75.28
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 2.59
    rCSI 4.24%
    PRS 58.26
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 4.09%
    PRS 61.05
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 2.46%
    PRS 84.11
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 2.46
    rCSI 1.82%
    PRS 62.04
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 2.45
    rCSI 4.33%
    PRS 49.52
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.45
    rCSI 4.92%
    PRS 58.46
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 3.33%
    PRS 61.58
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 1.58%
    PRS 82.47
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 2.34
    rCSI 6.94%
    PRS 78.93
  • mature T cell CL0002419
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.79%
    PRS 85.59
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 72.57
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 2.19
    rCSI 2.75%
    PRS 79.46
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 2.57%
    PRS 86.76
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 3.82%
    PRS 62.31
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 74.95
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 1.67%
    PRS 56.45
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 2.04%
    PRS 60.89
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 3.87%
    PRS 57.04
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 2.74%
    PRS 77.64
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 69.97
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 4.04%
    PRS 65.84
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 2
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 53.71
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 2
    rCSI 4.48%
    PRS 51.09
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 2.78%
    PRS 65.34
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 4.78%
    PRS 62.23
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 57.23
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 2.98%
    PRS 52.32
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 44.21%
    PRS 49.52
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 4.22%
    PRS 69.74
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 1.43%
    PRS 72.29
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 4.11%
    PRS 60.66
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 4.19%
    PRS 69.51
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 1.73
    rCSI 3.04%
    PRS 61.62
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 1.71
    rCSI 6.42%
    PRS 61.19
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 1.71
    rCSI 1.97%
    PRS 61.85
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 2.91%
    PRS 59.59
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 1.17%
    PRS 72.25
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 1.66
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 66.54
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 2.62%
    PRS 61.82
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 2.71%
    PRS 74.5
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 7.8%
    PRS 69.09
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 2.02%
    PRS 48.46
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 1.59
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 66.21
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.58
    rCSI 12.86%
    PRS 62.69
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 1.54
    rCSI 2.14%
    PRS 67.81
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 2.78%
    PRS 60.45
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.49
    rCSI 3.31%
    PRS 67.78
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 1.49
    rCSI 35.83%
    PRS 50.14
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.46
    rCSI 3.78%
    PRS 64.09
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 1.41
    rCSI 1.28%
    PRS 82.93
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 1.39
    rCSI 2.86%
    PRS 58.19
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 1.32
    rCSI 1.58%
    PRS 50.19
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.25
    rCSI 2.09%
    PRS 50.4
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.22
    rCSI 1.58%
    PRS 51.72
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 1.21
    rCSI 1.02%
    PRS 72.72
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.15
    rCSI 1.76%
    PRS 69.85
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 1.12
    rCSI 1.16%
    PRS 75.01
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 8.1%
    PRS 55.74
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.07
    rCSI 1.72%
    PRS 58.62
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 1
    rCSI 2.74%
    PRS 64.15
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 1.52%
    PRS 65.53
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 0.96
    rCSI 1.11%
    PRS 60.11
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 0.94
    rCSI 2.25%
    PRS 55.94
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 0.91
    rCSI 2%
    PRS 55.04
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 0.89
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 71.87
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 0.84
    rCSI 2.13%
    PRS 58.78
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.72
    rCSI 1.75%
    PRS 48.81
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.71
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 52.18
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.69
    rCSI 2%
    PRS 69.9
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.63
    rCSI 1.97%
    PRS 54.59
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 0.52
    rCSI 1.98%
    PRS 59.63
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.46
    rCSI 1.74%
    PRS 50.98
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.45
    rCSI 1.62%
    PRS 48.59
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.45
    rCSI 2.62%
    PRS 51.51
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.96%
    PRS 79.51
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.99%
    PRS 81.72
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 0.38
    rCSI 3.25%
    PRS 56.36

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

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  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) (TATA-box binding protein associated factor, RNA polymerase I subunit B) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2p25.1. It functions as a core component of the transcription initiation factor SL1 (also known as TIF-IB), which is essential for the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes by RNA polymerase I. As a critical regulator of ribosome biogenesis, [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) plays a fundamental role in controlling the rate of protein synthesis and cell growth. Its expression is significant across a wide variety of cell types, particularly those with high metabolic and proliferative demands, such as [stromal cells](/details-cell/CL0000499) and [extravillous trophoblasts](/details-cell/CL0008036), underscoring its ubiquitous and vital housekeeping function. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) highlights its role as a fundamental component of the cellular machinery required for growth and maintenance. **Overall**, the gene shows the highest significance in cell types characterized by high rates of proliferation, protein secretion, or metabolic activity. Its top significance is observed in [stromal cells](/details-cell/CL0000499), which are crucial for tissue structure and repair, and in placental cells like [extravillous trophoblasts](/details-cell/CL0008036) and [placental villous trophoblasts](/details-cell/CL2000060), which drive rapid fetal growth. This suggests a critical role for [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) in developmental processes and tissue homeostasis that depend on robust ribosome production. Furthermore, [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) is highly significant in various immune cell populations, including [myeloid leukocytes](/details-cell/CL0000766), [central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cells](/details-cell/CL0000904), [effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells](/details-cell/CL0001050), and [granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells](/details-cell/CL0000557). This pattern is consistent with the need for rapid protein synthesis during immune cell development, activation, and the execution of effector functions such as cytokine release. The gene's importance extends to specialized, metabolically active cells such as [cerebellar granule cells](/details-cell/CL0001031), [retinal rod cells](/details-cell/CL0000604), and [pancreatic D cells](/details-cell/CL0000173), indicating that its function is essential for a broad spectrum of physiological processes beyond simple proliferation. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) is integral to the process of [DNA-templated transcription](/details-go/GO:0006351), specifically [nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I](/details-go/GO:0042790). It is a key subunit of the RNA polymerase I core factor complex ([GO:0070860](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070860)) and the RNA polymerase transcription factor SL1 complex ([GO:0005668](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005668)), both of which localize to the [nucleolus](/details-go/GO:0005730). Studies have shown that [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) is a TFIIB-like factor that is essential for recruiting RNA polymerase I to the rRNA gene promoter ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207699), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207656)). Reactome pathway analysis confirms its central role in every stage of RNA polymerase I activity, from [RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex assembly](/details-go/GO:0001188) to [transcription initiation](/details-pathway/R-HSA-73762), [promoter clearance](/details-pathway/R-HSA-73854), and [termination](/details-pathway/R-HSA-73863). The SL1 complex, containing [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014), is responsible for promoter recognition and stabilizes the binding of upstream binding factor (UBF), a critical step for efficient rRNA synthesis ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m501595200)). The gene is also implicated in both the [positive epigenetic regulation of rRNA expression](/details-pathway/R-HSA-5250913) and its negative regulation by factors like NORC ([R-HSA-427413](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-427413)) and SIRT1 ([R-HSA-427359](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-427359)), placing it at a nexus of transcriptional control for ribosome biogenesis. ## Research Directions Given that [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) is a core component of the transcriptional machinery, research should focus on how its activity is modulated to meet the specific demands of different cell states and how its dysregulation contributes to disease. ### Testable Hypotheses 1. **Role in Immune Cell Activation:** The high significance of [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) in both memory and effector T cells suggests its expression or activity is dynamically regulated to support the metabolic switch and massive protein synthesis required for clonal expansion and cytokine production following antigen encounter. Upregulation of [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) may be a prerequisite for an effective adaptive immune response. 2. **Contribution to Cancer Pathophysiology:** Cancer cells are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and an elevated demand for protein synthesis, a state often referred to as "ribosome addiction." Therefore, [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) expression levels may be a critical determinant of tumor growth rate, and its overexpression could be a prognostic marker in highly proliferative cancers. ### Proposed Experiment To test the hypothesis regarding its role in T cell activation, a conditional knockout mouse model could be employed. Specifically, generating a mouse with a floxed [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) allele crossed with a CD4-Cre driver would allow for T-cell-specific deletion of the gene. Naive CD4+ T cells isolated from these mice and wild-type littermates could be activated *in vitro* using anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Key readouts would include measuring proliferation via CFSE dilution, assessing differentiation into Th1/Th2/Th17 subsets by intracellular cytokine staining, and quantifying overall protein synthesis rates using puromycin-incorporation assays (e.g., SUnSET). This experiment would directly test the necessity of [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) for T cell effector functions. ### Therapeutic Potential As a fundamental driver of ribosome biogenesis, [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) represents a compelling target for anti-proliferative therapies, particularly in oncology. Because cancer cells are highly dependent on rRNA synthesis, they may be more sensitive to the inhibition of the RNA polymerase I machinery than healthy, quiescent cells. A therapeutic strategy would involve the development of small molecule inhibitors that disrupt the function of [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) or its interaction with other components of the SL1 complex. However, due to its essential housekeeping role, the therapeutic window would likely be narrow, necessitating careful dosing strategies or targeted delivery systems to minimize on-target toxicity in healthy tissues. Therefore, inhibition of [TAF1B](/details-gene/9014) is a promising but challenging anti-cancer strategy.

Genular Protein ID: 203408066

Symbol: TAF1B_HUMAN

Name: TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit B

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7801123

Title: Reconstitution of transcription factor SL1: exclusive binding of TBP by SL1 or TFIID subunits.

PubMed ID: 7801123

DOI: 10.1126/science.7801123

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7801130

Title: Assembly of transcriptionally active RNA polymerase I initiation factor SL1 from recombinant subunits.

PubMed ID: 7801130

DOI: 10.1126/science.7801130

PubMed ID: 7491500

Title: Coactivator and promoter-selective properties of RNA polymerase I TAFs.

PubMed ID: 7491500

DOI: 10.1126/science.270.5241.1506

PubMed ID: 10894955

Title: Genomic localization of the human genes TAF1A, TAF1B and TAF1C, encoding TAF(I)48, TAF(I)63 and TAF(I)110 subunits of class I general transcription initiation factor SL1.

PubMed ID: 10894955

DOI: 10.1159/000015592

PubMed ID: 11250903

Title: hRRN3 is essential in the SL1-mediated recruitment of RNA polymerase I to rRNA gene promoters.

PubMed ID: 11250903

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.6.1373

PubMed ID: 11283244

Title: A step subsequent to preinitiation complex assembly at the ribosomal RNA gene promoter is rate limiting for human RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription.

PubMed ID: 11283244

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.8.2641-2649.2001

PubMed ID: 15970593

Title: TBP-TAF complex SL1 directs RNA polymerase I pre-initiation complex formation and stabilizes upstream binding factor at the rDNA promoter.

PubMed ID: 15970593

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m501595200

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21921198

Title: Yeast Rrn7 and human TAF1B are TFIIB-related RNA polymerase I general transcription factors.

PubMed ID: 21921198

DOI: 10.1126/science.1207699

PubMed ID: 21921199

Title: TAF1B is a TFIIB-like component of the basal transcription machinery for RNA polymerase I.

PubMed ID: 21921199

DOI: 10.1126/science.1207656

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 588
  • Mass: 68832
  • Checksum: CE45DE622E28FD6E
  • Sequence:
  • MDLEEAEEFK ERCTQCAAVS WGLTDEGKYY CTSCHNVTER YQEVTNTDLI PNTQIKALNR 
    GLKKKNNTEK GWDWYVCEGF QYILYQQAEA LKNLGVGPEL KNDVLHNFWK RYLQKSKQAY 
    CKNPVYTTGR KPTVLEDNLS HSDWASEPEL LSDVSCPPFL ESGAESQSDI HTRKPFPVSK 
    ASQSETSVCS GSLDGVEYSQ RKEKGIVKMT MPQTLAFCYL SLLWQREAIT LSDLLRFVEE 
    DHIPYINAFQ HFPEQMKLYG RDRGIFGIES WPDYEDIYKK TVEVGTFLDL PRFPDITEDC 
    YLHPNILCMK YLMEVNLPDE MHSLTCHVVK MTGMGEVDFL TFDPIAKMAK TVKYDVQAVA 
    IIVVVLKLLF LLDDSFEWSL SNLAEKHNEK NKKDKPWFDF RKWYQIMKKA FDEKKQKWEE 
    ARAKYLWKSE KPLYYSFVDK PVAYKKREMV VNLQKQFSTL VESTATAGKK SPSSFQFNWT 
    EEDTDRTCFH GHSLQGVLKE KGQSLLTKNS LYWLSTQKFC RCYCTHVTTY EESNYSLSYQ 
    FILNLFSFLL RIKTSLLHEE VSLVEKKLFE KKYSVKRKKS RSKKVRRH