Details for: PRKAR2B

Gene ID: 5577

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PRKAR2B

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000005249

Description: protein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit beta

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 54.92
    rCSI 70.52%
    PRS 70.46
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 29.41
    rCSI 49.37%
    PRS 62.44
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 26.83
    rCSI 43.14%
    PRS 64
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 22.58
    rCSI 54.89%
    PRS 60.44
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 19.74
    rCSI 64.23%
    PRS 77.84
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 16.22
    rCSI 50.68%
    PRS 64.12
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 15.32
    rCSI 33.24%
    PRS 68.01
  • L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030067
    CSI 14.82
    rCSI 48.72%
    PRS 66.47
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 14.07
    rCSI 50.64%
    PRS 60.36
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 12.68
    rCSI 19.48%
    PRS 69.72
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 12.49
    rCSI 13.03%
    PRS 79.66
  • platelet CL0000233
    CSI 11.96
    rCSI 49.62%
    PRS 77.9
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 11.83
    rCSI 16.12%
    PRS 71.96
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 11.8
    rCSI 17.28%
    PRS 74.95
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 10.28
    rCSI 23.33%
    PRS 80.71
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 9.87
    rCSI 37.32%
    PRS 62.92
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 9.41
    rCSI 55.42%
    PRS 63.16
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 9.12
    rCSI 12.63%
    PRS 77.55
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 8.59
    rCSI 13.71%
    PRS 71.9
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 8.54
    rCSI 9.87%
    PRS 72.44
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 8.51
    rCSI 12.51%
    PRS 73.29
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 8.45
    rCSI 36.66%
    PRS 85.48
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 7.93
    rCSI 8.16%
    PRS 90.93
  • subcutaneous adipocyte CL0002521
    CSI 7.76
    rCSI 39.74%
    PRS 83.33
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 7.55
    rCSI 6.82%
    PRS 78.45
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 7.34
    rCSI 8.52%
    PRS 84.06
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 7.27
    rCSI 11.71%
    PRS 70.5
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 7.22
    rCSI 8.98%
    PRS 60.4
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 7.15
    rCSI 19.04%
    PRS 67.97
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 7.06
    rCSI 9.81%
    PRS 78.79
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 7.02
    rCSI 15.74%
    PRS 63.28
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 6.64
    rCSI 15.88%
    PRS 67.27
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 6.24
    rCSI 23.38%
    PRS 72.83
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 6.22
    rCSI 12.62%
    PRS 58.9
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 6.03
    rCSI 17.47%
    PRS 69.87
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 5.99
    rCSI 22.61%
    PRS 63.2
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 5.92
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 76.37
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 5.89
    rCSI 29.05%
    PRS 87.55
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 5.87
    rCSI 8.32%
    PRS 77.01
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 5.83
    rCSI 7.42%
    PRS 85.15
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 5.76
    rCSI 11.56%
    PRS 70.58
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 5.74
    rCSI 9.93%
    PRS 72.01
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 5.73
    rCSI 13.8%
    PRS 92.08
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 5.73
    rCSI 8.38%
    PRS 85
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 5.54
    rCSI 9.12%
    PRS 84
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 5.51
    rCSI 10.31%
    PRS 68.81
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 5.28
    rCSI 9.31%
    PRS 75.88
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 5.11
    rCSI 16.58%
    PRS 78.44
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 5.04
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 83.89
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 4.74
    rCSI 10.95%
    PRS 68.32
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 4.73
    rCSI 13.31%
    PRS 75.36
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 4.59
    rCSI 8.26%
    PRS 73.73
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 4.48
    rCSI 33.69%
    PRS 70.71
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 4.39
    rCSI 7.69%
    PRS 74.27
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 4.36
    rCSI 11.07%
    PRS 73.68
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 11.33%
    PRS 86.67
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 5.12%
    PRS 62.56
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 4.22
    rCSI 5.44%
    PRS 63.6
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 12.41%
    PRS 81.12
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 4.17
    rCSI 3.37%
    PRS 82.38
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 4.01
    rCSI 7.09%
    PRS 61.78
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 3.91
    rCSI 5.33%
    PRS 47.41
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 2.59%
    PRS 83.51
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 31.84%
    PRS 68.6
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 3.65
    rCSI 14.85%
    PRS 72.37
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 3.41
    rCSI 6.02%
    PRS 85.28
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 3.35
    rCSI 8.89%
    PRS 85.77
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 3.32
    rCSI 6.81%
    PRS 67.73
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 3.15
    rCSI 4.69%
    PRS 80.27
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 3.75%
    PRS 87.45
  • midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097
    CSI 3.07
    rCSI 19.66%
    PRS 76.28
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.88
    rCSI 6.59%
    PRS 81.01
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 2.83
    rCSI 3.87%
    PRS 84.66
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 2.82
    rCSI 3.86%
    PRS 82.21
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.81
    rCSI 3.37%
    PRS 78.13
  • megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 48.91%
    PRS 94.84
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 6.69%
    PRS 75.01
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 60.57%
    PRS 60.76
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 60.15%
    PRS 61.33
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 3.55%
    PRS 81.11
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 7.16%
    PRS 79.74
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.38
    rCSI 3.41%
    PRS 70.17
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 2.32
    rCSI 7.76%
    PRS 64.19
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 2.31
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 85.63
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 4.22%
    PRS 83.21
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 10.21%
    PRS 76.71
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 3.14%
    PRS 88.32
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 2.02
    rCSI 9%
    PRS 80.87
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 1.68%
    PRS 84.07
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.79%
    PRS 89.15
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.79
    rCSI 4.42%
    PRS 80.1
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 1.56
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 71.83
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.55
    rCSI 4.02%
    PRS 75.77
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 1.55
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 83.16
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.11%
    PRS 79.81
  • S cone cell CL0003050
    CSI 1.38
    rCSI 6.09%
    PRS 75.36
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 1.31
    rCSI 7.42%
    PRS 66.45
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 1.31
    rCSI 18.59%
    PRS 71.37
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 1.28
    rCSI 6.92%
    PRS 86.12
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 1.28
    rCSI 4.01%
    PRS 66.43
  • GABAergic interneuron CL0011005
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 6.2%
    PRS 81.2%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 74.6%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 85.3%
  • H2 horizontal cell CL0004218
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 75.0%
  • diffuse bipolar 3a cell CL4033029
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 73.0%
  • diffuse bipolar 6 cell CL4033032
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 71.5%
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 7.9%
    PRS 67.8%
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 88.9%
  • OFFx cell CL4033036
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 71.6%
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 66.6%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 66.1%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 86.9%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 66.4%
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 86.1%
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 18.6%
    PRS 71.4%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 66.5%
  • S cone cell CL0003050
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 75.4%
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 79.8%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 83.2%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 75.8%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 71.8%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 80.1%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 89.2%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 84.1%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 9.0%
    PRS 80.9%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 88.3%
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 10.2%
    PRS 76.7%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 83.2%
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 85.6%
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 7.8%
    PRS 64.2%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 70.2%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 79.7%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 81.1%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 60.2%
    PRS 61.3%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 60.6%
    PRS 60.8%
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 6.7%
    PRS 75.0%
  • megakaryocyte progenitor cell CL0000553
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 48.9%
    PRS 94.8%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 78.1%
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 82.2%
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 84.7%
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 81.0%
  • midbrain dopaminergic neuron CL2000097
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 19.7%
    PRS 76.3%
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 87.5%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 80.3%
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 67.7%
  • erythroblast CL0000765
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 8.9%
    PRS 85.8%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 6.0%
    PRS 85.3%
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 14.9%
    PRS 72.4%
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 31.8%
    PRS 68.6%
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 3.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 83.5%
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 47.4%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 61.8%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 82.4%
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 12.4%
    PRS 81.1%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 4.2
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 63.6%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 62.6%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 4.3
    rCSI 11.3%
    PRS 86.7%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 4.4
    rCSI 11.1%
    PRS 73.7%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 4.4
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 74.3%
  • diffuse bipolar 1 cell CL4033027
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 33.7%
    PRS 70.7%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 4.6
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 73.7%
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 13.3%
    PRS 75.4%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 11.0%
    PRS 68.3%
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 5.0
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 83.9%
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 5.1
    rCSI 16.6%
    PRS 78.4%
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 9.3%
    PRS 75.9%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 10.3%
    PRS 68.8%
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 9.1%
    PRS 84.0%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 8.4%
    PRS 85.0%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 13.8%
    PRS 92.1%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 72.0%
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 5.8
    rCSI 11.6%
    PRS 70.6%
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 5.8
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 85.2%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 8.3%
    PRS 77.0%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 29.1%
    PRS 87.6%
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 76.4%
  • neural cell CL0002319
    CSI 6.0
    rCSI 22.6%
    PRS 63.2%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 6.0
    rCSI 17.5%
    PRS 69.9%
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 12.6%
    PRS 58.9%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 23.4%
    PRS 72.8%
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 6.6
    rCSI 15.9%
    PRS 67.3%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 7.0
    rCSI 15.7%
    PRS 63.3%
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 7.1
    rCSI 9.8%
    PRS 78.8%
  • neuron CL0000540
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 19.0%
    PRS 68.0%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 7.2
    rCSI 9.0%
    PRS 60.4%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 7.3
    rCSI 11.7%
    PRS 70.5%
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 7.3
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 84.1%
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 7.6
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 78.5%
  • subcutaneous adipocyte CL0002521
    CSI 7.8
    rCSI 39.7%
    PRS 83.3%
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 7.9
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 90.9%
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 8.5
    rCSI 36.7%
    PRS 85.5%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 8.5
    rCSI 12.5%
    PRS 73.3%
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 8.5
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 72.4%
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 8.6
    rCSI 13.7%
    PRS 71.9%
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 9.1
    rCSI 12.6%
    PRS 77.6%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 9.4
    rCSI 55.4%
    PRS 63.2%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 9.9
    rCSI 37.3%
    PRS 62.9%
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 10.3
    rCSI 23.3%
    PRS 80.7%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 11.8
    rCSI 17.3%
    PRS 75.0%
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 11.8
    rCSI 16.1%
    PRS 72.0%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) (protein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit beta) encodes a key regulatory subunit of Protein Kinase A (PKA), a central enzyme in the cAMP signaling cascade. As a type II beta regulatory subunit, it binds to and inhibits the catalytic subunit of PKA in the absence of cAMP. Upon cAMP binding, this inhibition is released, activating the kinase to phosphorylate downstream targets. **Overall**, expression data reveals that [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) is a highly significant gene in [adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136)s and a diverse range of neuronal subtypes, suggesting critical roles in both metabolic regulation and synaptic function. Genetic variants in this gene are associated with a multiple congenital malformation syndrome ([OMIM: 176912](https://omim.org/entry/176912)), underscoring its importance in development [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.005). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) highlights its dual specialization in metabolic and neuronal tissues. The gene's most significant expression is observed in [adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136)s (CSI: 54.92), where its high abundance suggests it is a crucial component of the cellular machinery regulating energy storage and release. Beyond its metabolic role, [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) is a prominent marker across various neuronal populations in the central nervous system. It shows high significance in both inhibitory and excitatory neurons, including [lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023011) (CSI: 29.41), [sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023015) (CSI: 26.83), and multiple subtypes of glutamatergic neurons such as [L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL4023040) (CSI: 22.58). This broad yet specific expression pattern in the brain points towards a fundamental role in modulating neuronal excitability and synaptic communication. Additionally, notable expression in [platelet](/details-cell/CL0000233)s suggests a potential role in hemostasis, consistent with PKA's involvement in platelet activation. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functions of [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) are centered on its role as a regulator of PKA. Gene Ontology annotations confirm its molecular function in [cAMP binding](/details-go/GO:0030552), [cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity](/details-go/GO:0008603), and binding to the [PKA catalytic subunit](/details-go/GO:0034236). Its cellular localization is diverse, including the [cytoplasm](/details-go/GO:0005737), [dendritic spine](/details-go/GO:0043197), and [centrosome](/details-go/GO:0005813), positioning it to respond to localized cAMP signals. Pathway analysis reinforces the cellular expression data. Its high significance in neurons is supported by its involvement in numerous neuronal processes, including '[Neuronal system](/details-pathway/R-HSA-112316)', '[Transmission across chemical synapses](/details-pathway/R-HSA-112315)', and '[Activation of nmda receptors and postsynaptic events](/details-pathway/R-HSA-442755)'. This is consistent with a role in learning and synaptic plasticity ([GO:0007612](/details-go/GO:0007612)). Similarly, its top expression in adipocytes aligns with its participation in metabolic pathways such as '[Fatty acid metabolic process](/details-go/GO:0006631)', '[Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation](/details-pathway/R-HSA-163359)', and '[Integration of energy metabolism](/details-pathway/R-HSA-163685)'. The extensive list of associated pathways, from '[Cell cycle](/details-pathway/R-HSA-1640170)' to '[Hemostasis](/details-pathway/R-HSA-109582)', illustrates the ubiquitous nature of PKA signaling, which [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) helps to regulate. ## Research Directions The specific and high-level expression of [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) in distinct cell types offers clear avenues for future investigation into its physiological roles and potential contributions to disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its exceptional expression in [adipocyte](/details-cell/CL0000136)s and its link to glucagon signaling pathways, we hypothesize that **[PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) is a primary determinant of lipolytic response rates in adipose tissue.** Its abundance may set the threshold for PKA activation following hormonal stimulation, thereby controlling the mobilization of fatty acids. Dysregulation or altered expression of this subunit could be a contributing factor to metabolic diseases characterized by impaired lipolysis, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. 2. Based on its high significance in multiple glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron subtypes and its association with synaptic transmission pathways ([GO:0050804](/details-go/GO:0050804)), we hypothesize that **[PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) is essential for specific forms of synaptic plasticity and memory formation.** Its localization to dendritic spines and involvement in NMDA receptor signaling suggests it fine-tunes the postsynaptic response to neurotransmitters, a process critical for learning. **Key Experimental Approach:** To test the first hypothesis regarding its role in adipocyte metabolism, an ideal experiment would be: * **Generate a conditional knockout mouse model** using an Adipoq-Cre driver to specifically delete [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) in adipocytes. * **Isolate primary adipocytes** from both knockout and wild-type control mice. * **Perform ex vivo lipolysis assays** by stimulating the cells with a beta-adrenergic agonist (e.g., isoproterenol) and measuring the release of glycerol and free fatty acids into the media. * **Conduct phosphoproteomic analysis** on stimulated adipocytes to identify how the loss of [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) alters the landscape of PKA-mediated phosphorylation events on downstream targets involved in lipid metabolism. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a regulatory subunit, [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) itself is not a direct enzymatic target but represents a key node for modulating PKA activity. Its high expression in adipocytes and neurons suggests that cell-type-specific targeting would be necessary to avoid widespread side effects. For metabolic disorders involving excessive PKA signaling (e.g., certain lipodystrophies or hormone-secreting tumors), developing small molecules that stabilize the inhibitory interaction between [PRKAR2B](/details-gene/5577) and the catalytic subunit could be a viable strategy for inhibition. Conversely, in conditions of deficient PKA signaling, agents that promote its dissociation might serve to activate the pathway. The linkage to a congenital syndrome ([OMIM: 176912](https://omim.org/entry/176912)) highlights the critical importance of its function, suggesting that any therapeutic modulation would require a precise and carefully controlled approach.

Genular Protein ID: 2526073384

Symbol: KAP3_HUMAN

Name: cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2851102

Title: Molecular cloning, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid structure and predicted full-length amino acid sequence of the hormone-inducible regulatory subunit of 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from human testis.

PubMed ID: 2851102

DOI: 10.1210/mend-2-12-1364

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12690205

Title: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.

PubMed ID: 12690205

DOI: 10.1126/science.1083423

PubMed ID: 18318008

Title: Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange chromatography.

PubMed ID: 18318008

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700884

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 21423175

Title: Control of PKA stability and signalling by the RING ligase praja2.

PubMed ID: 21423175

DOI: 10.1038/ncb2209

PubMed ID: 21406692

Title: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 21406692

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 25920809

Title: GSKIP- and GSK3-mediated anchoring strengthens cAMP/PKA/Drp1 axis signaling in the regulation of mitochondrial elongation.

PubMed ID: 25920809

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.04.013

PubMed ID: 33058759

Title: Germline and Mosaic Variants in PRKACA and PRKACB Cause a Multiple Congenital Malformation Syndrome.

PubMed ID: 33058759

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.005

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 418
  • Mass: 46302
  • Checksum: 83F402CCFFEFD186
  • Sequence:
  • MSIEIPAGLT ELLQGFTVEV LRHQPADLLE FALQHFTRLQ QENERKGTAR FGHEGRTWGD 
    LGAAAGGGTP SKGVNFAEEP MQSDSEDGEE EEAAPADAGA FNAPVINRFT RRASVCAEAY 
    NPDEEEDDAE SRIIHPKTDD QRNRLQEACK DILLFKNLDP EQMSQVLDAM FEKLVKDGEH 
    VIDQGDDGDN FYVIDRGTFD IYVKCDGVGR CVGNYDNRGS FGELALMYNT PRAATITATS 
    PGALWGLDRV TFRRIIVKNN AKKRKMYESF IESLPFLKSL EFSERLKVVD VIGTKVYNDG 
    EQIIAQGDSA DSFFIVESGE VKITMKRKGK SEVEENGAVE IARCSRGQYF GELALVTNKP 
    RAASAHAIGT VKCLAMDVQA FERLLGPCME IMKRNIATYE EQLVALFGTN MDIVEPTA

Genular Protein ID: 203057116

Symbol: B3KY43_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 405
  • Mass: 44867
  • Checksum: 165B480722FDD14F
  • Sequence:
  • MSIEIPAGLT ELLQGFTVEV LRHQPADLLE FALQHFTRLQ QENERKGTAR FGHEGRTWGD 
    LGAAAGGGTP SKGVNFAEEA APADAGAFNA PVINRFTRRA SVCAEAYNPD EEEDDAESRI 
    IHPKTDDQRN RLQEACKDIL LFKNLDPEQM SQVLDAMFEK LVKDGEHVID QGDDGDNFYV 
    IDRGTFDIYV KCDGVGRCVG NYDNRGSFGE LALMYNTPRA ATITATSPGA LWGLDRVTFR 
    RIIVKNNAKK RKMYESFIES LPFLKSLEFS ERLKVVDVIG TKVYNDGEQI IAQGDSADSF 
    FIVESGEVKI TMKRKGKSEV EENGVVEIAR CSRGQYFGEL ALVTNKPRAA SAHAIGTVKC 
    LAMDVQAFER LLGPCMEIMK RNIATYEEQL VALFGTNMDI VEPTA