Details for: PHLDA2

Gene ID: 7262

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PHLDA2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000181649

Description: pleckstrin homology like domain family A member 2

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 57.45
    rCSI 71.07%
    PRS 71.43
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 49.56
    rCSI 76.58%
    PRS 73.03
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 37.17
    rCSI 47.68%
    PRS 77.58
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 25.44
    rCSI 21.09%
    PRS 74.31
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 22.18
    rCSI 21.39%
    PRS 66.22
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 21.23
    rCSI 46.74%
    PRS 78.11
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 21.03
    rCSI 60.58%
    PRS 82.75
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 20.96
    rCSI 16.25%
    PRS 77.27
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 20.7
    rCSI 16.82%
    PRS 73.79
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 19.97
    rCSI 21.22%
    PRS 80.65
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 19.12
    rCSI 18.06%
    PRS 73.14
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 19.07
    rCSI 55.16%
    PRS 82.4
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 18.85
    rCSI 54.57%
    PRS 74.33
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 18.76
    rCSI 15.72%
    PRS 77.09
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 18.08
    rCSI 24.72%
    PRS 79
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 17.79
    rCSI 18.63%
    PRS 71.06
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 17.61
    rCSI 32%
    PRS 85.83
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 16.66
    rCSI 26.86%
    PRS 74.43
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 15.43
    rCSI 15.99%
    PRS 78.89
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 14.3
    rCSI 21.97%
    PRS 65.09
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 13.65
    rCSI 47.88%
    PRS 83.47
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 12.68
    rCSI 11.26%
    PRS 71.81
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 12.48
    rCSI 26.57%
    PRS 81.63
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 11.5
    rCSI 32.9%
    PRS 82.49
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 11.16
    rCSI 11.14%
    PRS 67.6
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 11.1
    rCSI 16.26%
    PRS 68.71
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 11.08
    rCSI 31.06%
    PRS 82.51
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 10.79
    rCSI 58.02%
    PRS 82.86
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 10.29
    rCSI 20.01%
    PRS 77.09
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 10
    rCSI 17.83%
    PRS 84.2
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 9.68
    rCSI 21.13%
    PRS 82.86
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 9.63
    rCSI 10.04%
    PRS 73.64
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 9.44
    rCSI 19.58%
    PRS 71.02
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 9.31
    rCSI 40.22%
    PRS 82.96
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 9
    rCSI 13.77%
    PRS 84.18
  • mast cell CL0000097
    CSI 8.79
    rCSI 18.97%
    PRS 82.52
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 8.75
    rCSI 12.11%
    PRS 72.37
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 8.15
    rCSI 21.51%
    PRS 81.89
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 7.99
    rCSI 20.65%
    PRS 68.97
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 7.68
    rCSI 11.26%
    PRS 84.25
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 7.65
    rCSI 7.12%
    PRS 74.71
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 7.45
    rCSI 7.17%
    PRS 73.35
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 7.06
    rCSI 14%
    PRS 81.63
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 6.86
    rCSI 10.49%
    PRS 82.4
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 6.82
    rCSI 6.98%
    PRS 83.98
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 6.69
    rCSI 8.94%
    PRS 73.17
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 6.46
    rCSI 7.49%
    PRS 79.18
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 6.43
    rCSI 9.7%
    PRS 79.23
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 6.31
    rCSI 5.82%
    PRS 75.68
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 6.3
    rCSI 7.83%
    PRS 75.29
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 6.09
    rCSI 14.48%
    PRS 80.85
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 6.02
    rCSI 8.22%
    PRS 74.51
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 82.3
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 5.81
    rCSI 5.34%
    PRS 82.63
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 5.71
    rCSI 10.8%
    PRS 87.02
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 5.66
    rCSI 12.64%
    PRS 81.75
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 5.35
    rCSI 7.67%
    PRS 75.77
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 5.33
    rCSI 21.29%
    PRS 84.38
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 30.82%
    PRS 79.82
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 5.26
    rCSI 17.08%
    PRS 72.55
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 5.05
    rCSI 5.41%
    PRS 74.55
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 4.93
    rCSI 53.68%
    PRS 84.32
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 4.82
    rCSI 5.82%
    PRS 82.42
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 4.77
    rCSI 4.19%
    PRS 62.38
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 7.47%
    PRS 83.34
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 4.65
    rCSI 7.15%
    PRS 83.12
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000909
    CSI 4.52
    rCSI 4.72%
    PRS 89.35
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 4.99%
    PRS 80.76
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 4.09
    rCSI 5.36%
    PRS 85.78
  • brush cell CL0002204
    CSI 4.05
    rCSI 8.02%
    PRS 85.03
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 3.93
    rCSI 6.94%
    PRS 80.42
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 3.83
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 78.81
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 3.59
    rCSI 5.68%
    PRS 75.83
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 2.78%
    PRS 91.75
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 7.91%
    PRS 79.73
  • paneth cell of colon CL0009009
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 31.71%
    PRS 85.51
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 4.85%
    PRS 78.15
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 3.13
    rCSI 7.42%
    PRS 75.49
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 3.12
    rCSI 4.77%
    PRS 74.3
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 76.44
  • epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296
    CSI 2.78
    rCSI 70.12%
    PRS 84.12
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 2.61
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 71.73
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 2.55
    rCSI 14.69%
    PRS 71.28
  • stratified epithelial cell CL0000079
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 15.46%
    PRS 85.15
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 12.21%
    PRS 83.34
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 4.47%
    PRS 90.8
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 2.41
    rCSI 5.27%
    PRS 80.26
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 2.31
    rCSI 6.22%
    PRS 79.78
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.58%
    PRS 75.99
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 3.13%
    PRS 87.6
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 2
    rCSI 2.96%
    PRS 86.05
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 4.84%
    PRS 73.09
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 1.92
    rCSI 5.06%
    PRS 87.74
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 3.48%
    PRS 83.14
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 1.81
    rCSI 3.41%
    PRS 83.83
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.72
    rCSI 1.99%
    PRS 65.47
  • fibroblast of breast CL4006000
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 7.06%
    PRS 81.5
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 3.63%
    PRS 83.53
  • uterine smooth muscle cell CL0002601
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 10.72%
    PRS 84.32
  • enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042
    CSI 1.56
    rCSI 7.29%
    PRS 85.34
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 85.4%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 86.0%
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 92.9%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte CL0002057
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 87.6%
  • hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 11.9%
    PRS 87.1%
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 84.3%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 81.1%
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 79.8%
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 82.8%
  • epithelial cell of esophagus CL0002252
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 10.4%
    PRS 83.2%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 8.6%
    PRS 67.6%
  • smooth muscle cell of prostate CL1000487
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 82.4%
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 81.9%
  • endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 8.7%
    PRS 84.8%
  • basophil CL0000767
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 87.0%
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 86.9%
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 80.0%
  • renal principal cell CL0005009
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 75.5%
  • enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 7.3%
    PRS 85.3%
  • uterine smooth muscle cell CL0002601
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 10.7%
    PRS 84.3%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 83.5%
  • fibroblast of breast CL4006000
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 81.5%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 65.5%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 83.8%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 83.1%
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 87.7%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 73.1%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 86.1%
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 87.6%
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 76.0%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 6.2%
    PRS 79.8%
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 80.3%
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 90.8%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 12.2%
    PRS 83.3%
  • stratified epithelial cell CL0000079
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 15.5%
    PRS 85.2%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 14.7%
    PRS 71.3%
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 71.7%
  • epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 70.1%
    PRS 84.1%
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 76.4%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 74.3%
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 75.5%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 78.2%
  • paneth cell of colon CL0009009
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 31.7%
    PRS 85.5%
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 7.9%
    PRS 79.7%
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 91.8%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 75.8%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 78.8%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 80.4%
  • brush cell CL0002204
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 8.0%
    PRS 85.0%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 85.8%
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 80.8%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000909
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 89.4%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 83.1%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 83.3%
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 62.4%
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 4.8
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 82.4%
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 53.7%
    PRS 84.3%
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 5.1
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 74.6%
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 17.1%
    PRS 72.6%
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 30.8%
    PRS 79.8%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 5.3
    rCSI 21.3%
    PRS 84.4%
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 5.4
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 75.8%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 12.6%
    PRS 81.8%
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 5.7
    rCSI 10.8%
    PRS 87.0%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 5.8
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 82.6%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 5.9
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 82.3%
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 6.0
    rCSI 8.2%
    PRS 74.5%
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 6.1
    rCSI 14.5%
    PRS 80.9%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 6.3
    rCSI 7.8%
    PRS 75.3%
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 6.3
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 75.7%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 6.4
    rCSI 9.7%
    PRS 79.2%
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 6.5
    rCSI 7.5%
    PRS 79.2%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 6.7
    rCSI 8.9%
    PRS 73.2%
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 6.8
    rCSI 7.0%
    PRS 84.0%
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 6.9
    rCSI 10.5%
    PRS 82.4%
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 7.1
    rCSI 14.0%
    PRS 81.6%
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 7.5
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 73.4%
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 7.7
    rCSI 7.1%
    PRS 74.7%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 7.7
    rCSI 11.3%
    PRS 84.3%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 8.0
    rCSI 20.7%
    PRS 69.0%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 8.2
    rCSI 21.5%
    PRS 81.9%
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 8.8
    rCSI 12.1%
    PRS 72.4%
  • mast cell CL0000097
    CSI 8.8
    rCSI 19.0%
    PRS 82.5%
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 9.0
    rCSI 13.8%
    PRS 84.2%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 9.3
    rCSI 40.2%
    PRS 83.0%
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 9.4
    rCSI 19.6%
    PRS 71.0%
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 9.6
    rCSI 10.0%
    PRS 73.6%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 9.7
    rCSI 21.1%
    PRS 82.9%
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 10.0
    rCSI 17.8%
    PRS 84.2%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 10.3
    rCSI 20.0%
    PRS 77.1%
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 10.8
    rCSI 58.0%
    PRS 82.9%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 11.1
    rCSI 31.1%
    PRS 82.5%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 11.1
    rCSI 16.3%
    PRS 68.7%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 11.2
    rCSI 11.1%
    PRS 67.6%
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 11.5
    rCSI 32.9%
    PRS 82.5%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 12.5
    rCSI 26.6%
    PRS 81.6%
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 12.7
    rCSI 11.3%
    PRS 71.8%
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 13.7
    rCSI 47.9%
    PRS 83.5%
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 14.3
    rCSI 22.0%
    PRS 65.1%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 15.4
    rCSI 16.0%
    PRS 78.9%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary Pleckstrin homology like domain family A member 2, [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262), is a protein-coding gene located on human chromosome 11p15.4. It is an imprinted gene, meaning its expression is parent-of-origin dependent, and it has been implicated as a tumor suppressor ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1997.4981)). Functionally, [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) is involved in crucial developmental processes, including [placenta development](/details-cell/GO:0001890) and the positive regulation of the [apoptotic process](/details-cell/GO:0043065). Its molecular activity involves [phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding](/details-cell/GO:1901981), consistent with its pleckstrin homology-like domain. Expression data highlights its profound significance in placental tissues, with the highest Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores observed in [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036) and [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060). Clinically, its expression levels are used in the diagnosis of placental disorders such as hydatidiform moles ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15457853/)), as referenced in OMIM entry [602131](https://omim.org/entry/602131). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) underscores its specialized role in placental and epithelial biology. **Overall**, the gene demonstrates exceptional significance in cells critical for placental function. It is the top marker in [extravillous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL0008036) (CSI: 57.45) and [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) (CSI: 49.56), and also shows high significance in [syncytiotrophoblast cell](/details-cell/CL0000525) (CSI: 21.03). This restricted and high-level expression is consistent with its established role as a key regulator of placental growth and development, where it is thought to act as a negative regulator of trophoblast proliferation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0143-4004(03)00130-9)). Beyond the placenta, [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) shows significant expression in various epithelial and stem-like cell populations. It is a prominent marker in [respiratory suprabasal cell](/details-cell/CL4033048) (CSI: 37.17), [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082) (CSI: 25.44), and [goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0000160) (CSI: 19.12), suggesting a potential role in the maintenance and function of respiratory mucosal barriers. Furthermore, its relevance in [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034) (CSI: 22.18) and [keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL0000312) (CSI: 18.76) may indicate a function in regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation in renewing tissues. The broad absence of high significance in hematopoietic, neuronal, or mature mesenchymal lineages suggests a highly specialized function primarily within placental and select epithelial contexts. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) align closely with its observed cellular expression patterns. Its involvement in biological processes such as [placenta development](/details-cell/GO:0001890), [regulation of embryonic development](/details-cell/GO:0045995), and [animal organ morphogenesis](/details-cell/GO:0009887) provides a clear molecular basis for its critical role in placental trophoblasts. A key reported function is the [positive regulation of apoptotic process](/details-cell/GO:0043065), which is consistent with its identification as being similar to TDAG51, a gene implicated in Fas-mediated apoptosis ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/6.12.2021)). This pro-apoptotic function may serve to restrict the invasive growth of trophoblasts during pregnancy. At the molecular level, [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) is characterized by its capacity for [phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding](/details-cell/GO:1901981), a function mediated by its PH-like domain. This allows it to interact with lipid second messengers in the cell [membrane](/details-cell/GO:0016020) and [cytoplasm](/details-cell/GO:0005737), potentially influencing signaling cascades that control cell growth, survival, and migration. Its annotation in the [regulation of cell migration](/details-cell/GO:0030334) further supports its importance in controlling the highly migratory behavior of extravillous trophoblasts during implantation. ## Research Directions The role of [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) as an imprinted tumor suppressor, particularly in gestational trophoblastic disease, is well-documented ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/9.5.757/); [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0143-4004(03)00130-9)). Its loss of expression is a key feature of complete hydatidiform moles, making it a valuable diagnostic immunohistochemical marker ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15457853/)). This well-defined role in pathology, combined with its broader expression in other epithelial tissues, suggests several avenues for future investigation. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Loss of [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) expression is a critical driver of malignant transformation in gestational trophoblastic disease, promoting uncontrolled proliferation and invasion by disrupting apoptosis and cell migration signaling pathways. 2. In non-placental tissues such as the lung, [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) functions as a regulator of epithelial homeostasis, and its downregulation may contribute to hyperproliferative and migratory phenotypes observed in lung diseases or cancers. **Experimental Approach to Test Hypothesis 1:** To directly test the role of [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) in trophoblastic disease, one could utilize CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out the gene in a human trophoblast cell line (e.g., HTR-8/SVneo or JEG-3). The resulting knockout cells and isogenic controls would be subjected to a battery of functional assays. Proliferation rates could be measured using BrdU incorporation or live-cell imaging. Invasive capacity could be assessed using Matrigel transwell invasion assays. Apoptotic sensitivity to stressors like serum starvation or chemotherapy could be quantified via Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. Finally, RNA-sequencing could be performed to identify the downstream signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/Akt, MAPK) dysregulated by the loss of [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262). **Therapeutic Potential:** Given its function as a tumor suppressor whose loss is associated with disease, [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) is not a candidate for therapeutic inhibition. Instead, therapeutic strategies would focus on the restoration of its function. This could conceptually involve gene therapy to re-introduce [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) expression in neoplastic trophoblasts or the development of small molecules that mimic its downstream effects, such as activating apoptotic pathways or inhibiting pro-survival signaling. The high tissue specificity of [PHLDA2](/details-gene/7262) expression, primarily within the placenta, suggests that such a strategy could potentially have a favorable safety profile with minimal off-target effects in non-pregnant individuals.

Genular Protein ID: 1611354401

Symbol: PHLA2_HUMAN

Name: Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9403053

Title: A 2.5-Mb transcript map of a tumor-suppressing subchromosomal transferable fragment from 11p15.5, and isolation and sequence analysis of three novel genes.

PubMed ID: 9403053

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4981

PubMed ID: 9328465

Title: The IPL gene on chromosome 11p15.5 is imprinted in humans and mice and is similar to TDAG51, implicated in Fas expression and apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 9328465

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/6.12.2021

PubMed ID: 9520460

Title: Transcriptional map of 170-kb region at chromosome 11p15.5: identification and mutational analysis of the BWR1A gene reveals the presence of mutations in tumor samples.

PubMed ID: 9520460

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3873

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10594239

Title: A novel pleckstrin homology-related gene family defined by Ipl/Tssc3, TDAG51, and Tih1: tissue-specific expression, chromosomal location, and parental imprinting.

PubMed ID: 10594239

DOI: 10.1007/s003359901182

PubMed ID: 10749982

Title: Retention of imprinting of the human apoptosis-related gene TSSC3 in human brain tumors.

PubMed ID: 10749982

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.5.757

PubMed ID: 13129680

Title: The product of the imprinted gene IPL marks human villous cytotrophoblast and is lost in complete hydatidiform mole.

PubMed ID: 13129680

DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(03)00130-9

PubMed ID: 15457853

Title: Immunohistochemistry for the imprinted gene product IPL/PHLDA2 for facilitating the differential diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole.

PubMed ID: 15457853

PubMed ID: 15314611

Title: Complete hydatidiform mole retaining a chromosome 11 of maternal origin: molecular genetic analysis of a case.

PubMed ID: 15314611

DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800175

PubMed ID: 17303335

Title: Upregulation of PHLDA2 in Dicer knockdown HEK293 cells.

PubMed ID: 17303335

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.01.004

PubMed ID: 16584773

Title: Hypoxia regulates the expression of PHLDA2 in primary term human trophoblasts.

PubMed ID: 16584773

DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.01.025

PubMed ID: 18691976

Title: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.

PubMed ID: 18691976

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19203586

Title: PH domain-only protein PHLDA3 is a p53-regulated repressor of Akt.

PubMed ID: 19203586

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.002

PubMed ID: 19369195

Title: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.

PubMed ID: 19369195

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800588-mcp200

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 152
  • Mass: 17092
  • Checksum: 3A1168CBB859FC3B
  • Sequence:
  • MKSPDEVLRE GELEKRSDSL FQLWKKKRGV LTSDRLSLFP ASPRARPKEL RFHSILKVDC 
    VERTGKYVYF TIVTTDHKEI DFRCAGESCW NAAIALALID FQNRRALQDF RSRQERTAPA 
    APAEDAVAAA AAAPSEPSEP SRPSPQPKPR TP