Details for: PTRHD1

Gene ID: 391356

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PTRHD1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000184924

Description: peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase domain containing 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 40.06
    rCSI 41.87%
    PRS 31.71
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 34.28
    rCSI 30.96%
    PRS 28.5
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 32.84
    rCSI 31.67%
    PRS 23.75
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 25
    rCSI 20.21%
    PRS 31.34
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 22.74
    rCSI 19.69%
    PRS 34.51
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 16.91
    rCSI 26.13%
    PRS 29.46
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 16.52
    rCSI 24.44%
    PRS 35.22
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 15.75
    rCSI 10.47%
    PRS 35.54
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 15.14
    rCSI 19%
    PRS 39.45
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 14.61
    rCSI 25.02%
    PRS 40.05
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 13.15
    rCSI 15.44%
    PRS 34.78
  • effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000905
    CSI 12.64
    rCSI 17.22%
    PRS 59.69
  • colon goblet cell CL0009039
    CSI 11.88
    rCSI 28.24%
    PRS 43.32
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 11.78
    rCSI 24.22%
    PRS 29.01
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 11.34
    rCSI 14.03%
    PRS 27.74
  • promyelocyte CL0000836
    CSI 11.18
    rCSI 16.13%
    PRS 40.62
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 10.62
    rCSI 11.12%
    PRS 29.13
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000913
    CSI 10.09
    rCSI 9.19%
    PRS 44.99
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 9.73
    rCSI 12.23%
    PRS 44.06
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 9.71
    rCSI 21.68%
    PRS 36.33
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 9.68
    rCSI 9.91%
    PRS 49.75
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 9.61
    rCSI 6.69%
    PRS 42.39
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 8.83
    rCSI 20.04%
    PRS 37.99
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 8.81
    rCSI 45.5%
    PRS 54.23
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 8.02
    rCSI 5.57%
    PRS 37.51
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 7.73
    rCSI 25.06%
    PRS 35.51
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 7.67
    rCSI 6.81%
    PRS 30.91
  • non-classical monocyte CL0000875
    CSI 7.26
    rCSI 11.64%
    PRS 62.8
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 7.03
    rCSI 8.56%
    PRS 37.83
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 6.93
    rCSI 5.75%
    PRS 29.72
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000934
    CSI 6.79
    rCSI 9.33%
    PRS 52.05
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 6.43
    rCSI 9.84%
    PRS 46.97
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 6.4
    rCSI 7.4%
    PRS 23.48
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 6.3
    rCSI 9.94%
    PRS 31.7
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 6.29
    rCSI 4.95%
    PRS 36.83
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 6.23
    rCSI 11.32%
    PRS 45.72
  • T follicular helper cell CL0002038
    CSI 6.04
    rCSI 4.52%
    PRS 45.2
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 5.71
    rCSI 8.72%
    PRS 49.04
  • brush cell CL0002204
    CSI 5.68
    rCSI 11.24%
    PRS 60.33
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 5.56
    rCSI 8.21%
    PRS 46.5
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 5.5
    rCSI 8.53%
    PRS 42.18
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 5.44
    rCSI 5.03%
    PRS 51
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 5.31
    rCSI 23.38%
    PRS 27.29
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 5.16
    rCSI 7.14%
    PRS 38.5
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 5.04
    rCSI 5.03%
    PRS 26.68
  • primitive red blood cell CL0002355
    CSI 4.72
    rCSI 25.49%
    PRS 46.45
  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 4.67
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 58.2
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 4.56
    rCSI 7.39%
    PRS 30.68
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 4.52
    rCSI 3.62%
    PRS 51.07
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 4.49
    rCSI 3.41%
    PRS 40.46
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 4.42
    rCSI 4.55%
    PRS 47.12
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 4.27
    rCSI 32.07%
    PRS 51.37
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 4.25
    rCSI 6.85%
    PRS 42.21
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 10.16%
    PRS 29.36
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 4.08
    rCSI 13.81%
    PRS 43.15
  • megakaryocyte CL0000556
    CSI 4.02
    rCSI 17.42%
    PRS 47.55
  • memory B cell CL0000787
    CSI 4
    rCSI 3.95%
    PRS 72.06
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 3.98
    rCSI 4.15%
    PRS 31.76
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 3.93
    rCSI 5.04%
    PRS 29.72
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 3.84
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 35.92
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 3.82
    rCSI 5.87%
    PRS 37.25
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 8.08%
    PRS 39.64
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 6.06%
    PRS 26.62
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 3.59%
    PRS 32.26
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 3.79
    rCSI 11.2%
    PRS 35.82
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 3.79
    rCSI 3.33%
    PRS 35.34
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL0000794
    CSI 3.65
    rCSI 4.36%
    PRS 49.93
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 3.65
    rCSI 4.88%
    PRS 33.25
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 3.57
    rCSI 6.94%
    PRS 32.3
  • lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000838
    CSI 3.57
    rCSI 13.88%
    PRS 49.14
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 3.56
    rCSI 15.64%
    PRS 51.05
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 3.54
    rCSI 2.47%
    PRS 32.78
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 3.46
    rCSI 19.82%
    PRS 42.23
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 3.45
    rCSI 4.59%
    PRS 34.37
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 4.33%
    PRS 35.63
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 3.32
    rCSI 4.54%
    PRS 34.95
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 3.32
    rCSI 3.06%
    PRS 32.31
  • immature B cell CL0000816
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 43.19
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 6.77%
    PRS 54.57
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 3.24
    rCSI 16.26%
    PRS 40.25
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000906
    CSI 3.21
    rCSI 3.15%
    PRS 63.42
  • CD14-positive monocyte CL0001054
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 3.98%
    PRS 41.5
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell CL0000784
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 78.89
  • double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000809
    CSI 3.17
    rCSI 3.23%
    PRS 42.84
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 3.16
    rCSI 4.31%
    PRS 33.89
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 8.89%
    PRS 45.6
  • monocyte CL0000576
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 5.59%
    PRS 58.58
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 3.07
    rCSI 3.94%
    PRS 35.64
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 4.38%
    PRS 44.79
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 3
    rCSI 3.47%
    PRS 27.18
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 3.59%
    PRS 37.14
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 3.69%
    PRS 33.26
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 34.79
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 2.92
    rCSI 4.64%
    PRS 39.66
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 4.23%
    PRS 40.28
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 2.74%
    PRS 32.04
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2.75
    rCSI 2.85%
    PRS 36.29
  • precursor B cell CL0000817
    CSI 2.75
    rCSI 2.41%
    PRS 39.92
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 2.24%
    PRS 35.98
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 1.75%
    PRS 38.82
  • B-2 B cell CL0000822
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 80.0%
  • group 2 innate lymphoid cell CL0001069
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 71.3%
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 43.2%
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 53.3%
  • hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 72.8%
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 52.5%
  • cord blood hematopoietic stem cell CL2000095
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 86.1%
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 45.6%
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 61.4%
  • Cajal-Retzius cell CL0000695
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 50.9%
  • small pre-B-II cell CL0000954
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 55.4%
  • pluripotent stem cell CL0002248
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 19.9%
    PRS 56.6%
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 54.4%
  • eosinophil CL0000771
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 5.0%
    PRS 63.9%
  • myeloid dendritic cell, human CL0001057
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 67.5%
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 49.0%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 47.3%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 39.5%
  • basophil mast progenitor cell CL0002028
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 5.2%
    PRS 74.0%
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 49.3%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 29.3%
  • thymocyte CL0000893
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 70.5%
  • tracheal goblet cell CL1000329
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 52.4%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 44.8%
  • common lymphoid progenitor CL0000051
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 53.1%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 26.3%
  • colon macrophage CL0009038
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 54.8%
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 54.1%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 22.6%
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 47.8%
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 40.1%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 46.7%
  • pre-conventional dendritic cell CL0002010
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 16.4%
    PRS 67.3%
  • type L enteroendocrine cell CL0002279
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 52.5%
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 38.9%
  • B-1 B cell CL0000819
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 33.2%
    PRS 79.2%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 31.0%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 45.7%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 35.3%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 18.9%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 37.0%
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 28.8%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 42.7%
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 23.0%
  • memory T cell CL0000813
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 61.0%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 30.0%
  • myeloid dendritic cell CL0000782
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 45.5%
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 47.0%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 34.1%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 24.1%
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 41.8%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 31.5%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 55.4%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 36.8%
  • fraction A pre-pro B cell CL0002045
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 54.4%
  • large pre-B-II cell CL0000957
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 46.7%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 45.5%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 7.8%
    PRS 30.0%
  • endocrine cell CL0000163
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 9.1%
    PRS 70.9%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 33.4%
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 29.0%
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 47.1%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 8.0%
    PRS 49.2%
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 51.4%
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 42.0%
  • mature B cell CL0000785
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 38.6%
  • germinal center B cell CL0000844
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 56.4%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 24.2%
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 31.7%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 29.7%
  • inflammatory macrophage CL0000863
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 56.7%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 21.8%
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 60.3%
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 41.8%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 33.9%
  • dendritic cell CL0000451
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 62.4%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 33.3%
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 31.3%
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 26.2%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 32.2%
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 30.7%
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 45.2%
  • paneth cell of colon CL0009009
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 22.6%
    PRS 60.4%
  • erythroid lineage cell CL0000764
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 14.9%
    PRS 54.4%
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000811
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 58.7%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 36.8%
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 39.2%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 34.6%
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 4.8%
    PRS 23.5%
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 43.1%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 33.2%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 29.6%
  • professional antigen presenting cell CL0000145
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 8.6%
    PRS 67.4%
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 8.8%
    PRS 47.9%
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 26.9%
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 39.2%
  • mature T cell CL0002419
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 45.0%
  • class switched memory B cell CL0000972
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 48.6%
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 46.8%
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 38.8%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) (Peptidyl-tRNA Hydrolase Domain Containing 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2p23.3. It encodes a protein with putative [aminoacyl-trna hydrolase activity](/details-cell/GO:0004045), a function critical for recycling tRNA molecules and ensuring the fidelity of protein synthesis. The protein is localized to the [mitochondrion](/details-cell/GO:0005739). **Overall**, expression data indicates that [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) is a significant gene in highly proliferative and metabolically active cell types, including various progenitor cells and epithelial cells of the intestine. Clinically, loss-of-function mutations in [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) are associated with autosomal recessive juvenile-onset Parkinsonism, intellectual disability, and spasticity ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27501), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.13342)), highlighting its essential role in neuronal health and development. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) suggests a fundamental role in cellular maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. **Overall**, its significance is highest in tissues with high turnover rates and in progenitor cell populations. The gene shows a particularly high Cell Significance Index (CSI) in [intestinal epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002563) (CSI: 40.06), [transit amplifying cell of colon](/details-cell/CL0009011) (CSI: 13.15), and [colon goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0009039) (CSI: 11.88), consistent with a vital function in the rapidly renewing intestinal lining. Furthermore, [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) is a key marker across multiple hematopoietic and stem cell compartments. It is highly significant in [megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000050) (CSI: 34.28), [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034) (CSI: 32.84), [common myeloid progenitor](/details-cell/CL0000049) (CSI: 25.00), [granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0000557) (CSI: 22.74), and [hematopoietic stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000037) (CSI: 15.75). This broad expression pattern in progenitor lineages suggests its involvement in fundamental processes required for the generation of diverse cell types. The gene's significance in specialized cells like [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) (CSI: 16.91) and [glutamatergic neuron](/details-cell/CL0000679) (CSI: 11.78) further underscores its importance in metabolically demanding cellular contexts. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) point towards a role in protein synthesis quality control within the mitochondria. Its predicted [aminoacyl-trna hydrolase activity](/details-cell/GO:0004045) is essential for cleaving peptidyl-tRNAs that have prematurely dissociated from the ribosome, thereby preventing the sequestration of tRNA and the potential toxicity of incomplete peptides. This function is critical in all cells but may be particularly vital in mitochondria, which have their own translational machinery. The localization of the PTRHD1 protein to the [mitochondrion](/details-cell/GO:0005739) is a key finding that directly links its molecular function to the clinical phenotype. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-established hallmark of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The loss of [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) function could lead to impaired mitochondrial translation, accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, and increased oxidative stress, ultimately resulting in neuronal cell death ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26824)). The gene's annotation for [protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0005515) suggests it may interact with other components of the mitochondrial ribosome or quality control machinery to perform its function. ## Research Directions The association of [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) deficiency with a severe neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative phenotype, combined with its role in mitochondrial protein synthesis, opens several avenues for future research. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Loss of [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) function leads to a depletion of the free mitochondrial tRNA pool, which disproportionately affects the synthesis of specific electron transport chain (ETC) complex subunits, leading to bioenergetic failure in high-energy-demand cells like neurons. 2. The neurodegenerative phenotype associated with [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) mutations is primarily caused by the toxic accumulation of aberrant, partially synthesized mitochondrial polypeptides that aggregate and trigger downstream stress pathways, such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and subsequent apoptosis. **Experimental Approach:** To test the second hypothesis, a robust experimental plan could be implemented. A CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) could be generated in a human neuronal cell model, such as SH-SY5Y cells differentiated into dopaminergic-like neurons. The impact on mitochondrial protein homeostasis could be assessed using multiple approaches: * **Proteomics:** Employ quantitative mass spectrometry to compare the mitochondrial proteome of knockout cells versus wild-type controls, specifically searching for truncated or aggregated protein products. * **Cellular Assays:** Measure key indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular respiration rates using a Seahorse XF Analyzer. * **Molecular Biology:** Use qPCR and Western blotting to quantify the activation of the UPRmt by measuring the expression of its key target genes (e.g., *HSP60*, *CLPP*). **Therapeutic Potential:** As the pathology is caused by a loss-of-function, therapeutic strategies should aim at restoring PTRHD1 activity. For an autosomal recessive disorder like this, gene replacement therapy represents a promising long-term strategy. The use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to deliver a functional copy of the [PTRHD1](/details-gene/391356) gene to affected neuronal populations could potentially halt or reverse disease progression. For missense mutations that result in a partially functional but unstable protein ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2256-0722)), the development of small molecule chaperones to stabilize the protein and restore its function could be another viable therapeutic avenue. Due to the gene's essential housekeeping function, inhibition would not be a therapeutic strategy.

Genular Protein ID: 1075101248

Symbol: PTRD1_HUMAN

Name: Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase domain-containing protein 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 27235175

Title: Expression, purification, and buffer solubility optimization of the putative human peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase PTRHD1.

PubMed ID: 27235175

DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.05.011

PubMed ID: 30398675

Title: PTRHD1 Loss-of-function mutation in an african family with juvenile-onset Parkinsonism and intellectual disability.

PubMed ID: 30398675

DOI: 10.1002/mds.27501

PubMed ID: 34765690

Title: Biallelic PTRHD1 Frameshift Variants Associated with Intellectual Disability, Spasticity, and Parkinsonism.

PubMed ID: 34765690

DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13342

PubMed ID: 27134041

Title: Mutation in ADORA1 identified as likely cause of early-onset parkinsonism and cognitive dysfunction.

PubMed ID: 27134041

DOI: 10.1002/mds.26627

PubMed ID: 27753167

Title: PTRHD1 (C2orf79) mutations lead to autosomal-recessive intellectual disability and parkinsonism.

PubMed ID: 27753167

DOI: 10.1002/mds.26824

PubMed ID: 34816696

Title: The PTRHD1 Mutation in Intellectual Disability.

PubMed ID: 34816696

DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.110

PubMed ID: 38286424

Title: A Homozygous PTRHD1 Missense Variant (p.Arg122Gln) in an Individual with Intellectual Disability, Generalized Epilepsy, and Juvenile Parkinsonism.

PubMed ID: 38286424

DOI: 10.1055/a-2256-0722

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 140
  • Mass: 15805
  • Checksum: 3AD1C82F3A9CF80B
  • Sequence:
  • MHRGVGPAFR VVRKMAASGA EPQVLVQYLV LRKDLSQAPF SWPAGALVAQ ACHAATAALH 
    THRDHPHTAA YLQELGRMRK VVLEAPDETT LKELAETLQQ KNIDHMLWLE QPENIATCIA 
    LRPYPKEEVG QYLKKFRLFK